Ballast Collection Flashcards
Calculated as the reflected radiant energy divided by the total radiant energy.
Albedo
A surface with an albedo of 1.0 is _____
A perfect mirror
The minimum horizontal distance between the property line and the building
setback
The top of the full-width plane of a building facade, which defines the enclosure of public space relative to the distance between it and an opposite facade.
Recess Line
A temporary construction designed to filter water runoff from a construction site and trap sediment before it is washed into drains or nearby bodies of water
Silt Fence
An allowed deviation from zoning regulations
Variance
The right to use a portion of land owned by another for a specific purpose
Easement
The IBC specifically states that exits cannot pass through ______, ________, _______, or other spaces used for similar purpose
Kitchens, Storerooms, closets
A _____ is when the contours points toward the lower elevation
Ridge
A ________ is when the contours points toward the higher elevation
Valley
The area surrounding a land development site, encompassing the population base that the development is meant to serve
Catchment Area
The belief that new buildings should be designed to harmonize with other buildings and development is meant to serve
Contextualism
The statistical data of a population, such as age, income, and so forth
Demographics
A relatively small area in which a number of people live and share similar needs and desires in housing, social activities, and other aspects of day to day living
Neighborhood
The interrelated observations and theories of man’s use of space as a specialized elaboration of culture
Proxemics
These types of streets have the lowest capacity and provide direct access to building sites
Local Streets
These type of streets connect local streets with large arterial streets
Collector Streets
These type of streets are major, continuous circulation routes that carry large amounts of traffic on two or three lanes
Arterial Street
These types of streets have limited access roads designed to move large volumes of traffic between, through and around population centers
Expressways
This region includes all of Canada, the northern part of the middle united states, and the mountainous regions of Wyoming and Colorado
The Cool Region
This region includes most of the middle latitudes of the united states, including the northwest and northeast areas of the country
The Temperate region
This region includes the southeastern parts of the country
The Hot-Humid Region
This region stretches from southern California across the desert southwest to portions of southern Texas
The Hot-Arid Region
A shallow grass-lined ditch or channel designed to detain storm runoff and removed sediments and other contaminants while allowing the water to seep into the ground through a process known as phytoremediation
Bioswale
Closed depression in the earth from which water can escape only into the soil
Infiltration Basin
The division of a city or other area into districts in order to regulate the use of land and the location and size of buildings with those districts
Zoning
The rate at which heat flows through a material
Conductivity
Expresses the relationship of programmed spaces to circulation, structural, and utility spaces
Efficiency (Net to gross ratio)
Uses information on similar-sized properties with similar amenities that are for sale in the area at the same time of valuation to determine the value of a property
Comparison Method
Used when the property may be subdivided for residential or commercial use
The Development Method
Used for properties in areas where there is no unimproved land and no market data against which to compare
The Income Approach Method
Used to determine the value of improved properties. This method determines the land value by deducting the value of site improvements from the total value of the property
The Allocation Method
Net Usable Area
_____________
Net-to-gross ratio
Gross Area
A common tool of developers and is used for the purchase of land that a developer intends to subdivide and resell
A blanket Loan
A short-term loan used to close quickly on a property or to finance a project that must begin immediately while waiting for another lender to approve a long term loan
A bridge Loan
Oftern used by developers, are large loans with a variable interest rate that increases substantially near the time that the repayment is due
Mezzanine Loan
This type of mortgage is secured by the property purchased
A conventional Mortgage
Construction costs tend to be the lowest in ______ areas
Suburban
__________ transmits the lateral forces to the foundation and must be continuous
The Shear Walls
The quality of physical environment that evokes a strong image in the mind of a given observer
Imageability
Schools, Shops, Fire Stations, Places of Worship, Post Offices, and Recreational Centers are examples of ______
Public Facilities
The overall climate of the region and is reflected in the weather data
Macroclimate
The site-specific modification of the macroclimate by such features as landscape, trees and other vegetation, bodies of water, and buildings
Microclimate
Wind speeds on top of a hill can be about ______% higher than a flat ground
20
In the ___________ Hemisphere, the south-facing slopes tend to be warmer, especially in the winter than any other slope orientations
Northern
The ability of surface to emit stored energy
Emissivity
A measure of a roof’s ability to rejfect solar hear, defined so that a standard black surface has an SRI of 0, and a standard white surface has an SRI of 100
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)
A perfectly reflective surface would have an SRI of about ______
122
An area whose soil is inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater frequently enough that it can support plants that are adapted to living in saturated soil
Wetland
The legal right of one party or the public to traverse land belonging to another
Right-of-way
Requires a buyer to perform a specific duty in the future
Affirmative Covenant
Permits the title to the property to revert to the original owner if the restrictions prescribed in the deed are not followed
Conditional Covenant
The angle above the horizon
Solar Altitude
The angle north or south from a east-west line
Solar Azimuth
Utilizes the concepts of shading, natural ventilation, radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, and ground coupling
Passive Solar Cooling
Use thermal mass to store heat during the day and release heat to the outside at night
Radiative Cooling
Uses the stable coolness of the earth to cool a building, typically by using a ground-source heat pump
Ground Coupling
The underground level below which the soil is saturated with water
Water Table
The fraction of total precipatation that is not absorbed into the ground
Runoff Coefficient
The pulverized upper layer of the earth, formed by the erosion of rocks and plant remains and modified by living plants and organisms
Soil
______ and _____ are excellent for construction loads, drainage, and sewafe drain fields, but they are unsuitable for landscaping
Gravel and Sands
______ is stable when dry or damp by unstable when wet. It swells and heaves when frozen and compresses under load
Silt
________ expands when wet and is subject to slippage. It is poor for foundations unless it can be kept dry. It is poor for landscaping and unsuitable for sewage drainage fields or other types of drainage
Clay
___________ are excellent for landscaping but unsuitable for building foundations and road bases
Peat and Other Organic Materials
Attempts to retian all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance, and repair
Preservation
Emphasizes the retention and repair historic materisla, but gives more latitude to replacement, typically because the property is more deteriorated before works begin
Rehabilitation
Focuses on the retention of materiald from the most significant time in a property’s history, while permitting the removal of materials from other periods
Restoration
The least historically accurate approach. It allows the opportunity to re-create a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or objects in new materials
Reconstruction
The stage of defining the problem and establishing all the guidelines and needs on which the design process can be based
Programming
An abstract solution for the client’s problems that do not define the specific, physical means that will be used to achieve those solutions
Programmatic Concepts
Land values are generally most influenced by three factors:
Location, local market conditions, and the potential for generating profit
The surrounding neighborhood or region is investigated to find similar properties that have recently sold or are on the market
The Market Approach
The value of the land is calucated based on the potential the property has to yield a profit
The Income Approach
The values of the land is estimated at its highest and best use
The Cost Approach
Issued by a city or state and backed by general tax revenue and issuer’s credit
General Obligation Bonds
Are similar to general obligation bonds in that they are issued by a local government to pay for a facility or improvement
Revenue Bonds
Are bonds issued by cities or counties to finance facilities for revenue-producing public enterpries
Public Enterprisr Revenue Bonds
Can be used to pay for improvements that will encourage private development in an area and generate increased taxes due to increased property values
Tax-increment financing
Imposed on developers in order to pay for the improvements to off-site infrastructure that the new development makes necessary
Development Impact Fees
Used to purchase property. In exchange for the loan, the borrower grants the lender a lien on the property until the loan is repaid
Mortgage Loan
A type of debt security issued by a government entity to raise money for a construction project
Bond
Used to finance the building of a project and is in effect only for the duration of construction
Construction Loan
A relatively short-term loan used when there is a distressed financial situation such as foreclosure, bankruptcy, or nonpayment of a previous loan
Hard Money Loan
