Balanced Diet; Digestive system; Enzymes

Question 1

Function of carbohydrates

Answer 1

Provide energy

Question 2

Function of lipids (fats and oils)

Answer 2

Provide energy
Act as an energy store
Insulation

Question 3

Function of proteins

Answer 3

Growth and repair of tissues
Provide energy in emergency

Question 4

Function of vitamin A

Answer 4

Improve vision
Keeps skin and hair healthy

Question 5

Function of vitamin C

Answer 5

Needed to prevent scurvy

Question 6

Function of vitamin D

Answer 6

Needed for calcium absorption

Question 7

Function of calcium

Answer 7

Strengthen bones & teeth

Question 8

Function of iron

Answer 8

Haemoglobin for healthy blood

Question 9

Function of water

Answer 9

Needed for almost every bodily function
Need a constant supply

Question 10

Function of dietary fibre

Answer 10

Aids movement of food through the gut

Question 11

Where is dietary fibre found?

Answer 11

Wholemeal bread, fruit

Question 12

Where is water found?

Answer 12

Food & drink

Question 13

Where is iron found?

Answer 13

Red meat

Question 14

Where is calcium found?

Answer 14

Milk, cheese

Question 15

Where is vitamin D found?

Answer 15

Eggs

Question 16

Where is vitamin C found?

Answer 16

Fruit

Question 17

Where is vitamin A found?

Answer 17

Liver

Question 18

Where are proteins found?

Answer 18

Meat, fish

Question 19

Where are lipids found?

Answer 19

Butter, oily fish

Question 20

Where are carbohydrates found?

Answer 20

Pasta, rice, sugar

Question 21

What are the six essential nutrients?

Answer 21

Water
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals

Question 22

What do proteases do?

Answer 22

Convert proteins into amino acids

Question 23

What does amylase do?

Answer 23

Converts starch into maltose

Question 24

What do lipases do?

Answer 24

Convert lipids into one glycerol and three fatty acids.

Question 25

What happens to bile?

Answer 25

Stored in gall bladder before it's released into the small intestine

Question 26

Where is bile produced?

Answer 26

In the liver

Question 27

What does bile do?

Answer 27

Neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats.

Question 28

What is peristalsis?

Answer 28

The process of moving food through the gut, which involves the contracting and relaxing of circular muscles.

Question 29

What elements do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 29

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 30

Where are starch and glycogen found?

Answer 30

In carbohydrates

Question 31

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 31

Simple sugars

Question 32

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 32

Amino Acids

Question 33

What elements do proteins contain?

Answer 33

Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 34

What are lipids made up of?

Answer 34

Fatty Acids and Glycerol

Question 35

How do you test for glucose?

Answer 35

Benedict's Reagent

Question 36

What colour does Benedict's reagent go in high concentration of glucose?

Answer 36

Blue to Brick Red

Question 37

What colour does Benedict's Reagent go in low concentration of glucose?

Answer 37

Blue to Green/Yellow

Question 38

How do you test for starch?

Answer 38

Iodine solution

Question 39

What colour does Iodine solution turn in starch?

Answer 39

Brown/orange to Black or Blue/Black

Question 40

How do you test for proteins?

Answer 40

Biuret test

Question 41

What is the colour change of Biuret solution if proteins are present?

Answer 41

Blue to Pink or Purple

Question 42

How do you test for Lipids?

Answer 42

Sudan III Test

Question 43

What happens to Sudan III stain solution if lipids are present?

Answer 43

Mixture will spread out into to layers. Top layer will be bright red.

Question 44

What is the Alimentary Canal another name for?

Answer 44

The Gut

Question 45

How is the small intestine adapted for absorption of food?

Answer 45

Long - time to break down all food Big SA - lots of villi for absorption Villi have microvilli - bigger SA Villi have single permeable layer - quick absorption

Question 46

Where are villi found?

Answer 46

The small intestine

Question 47

Mouth functions

Answer 47

Salivary glands produce amylase enzyme Teeth break down food

Question 48

Oesophagus function

Answer 48

Muscular tube - connects mouth and stomach

Question 49

Function of liver

Answer 49

Where bile is produced

Question 50

Functions of stomach

Answer 50

Pummels food with muscular walls Produces enzyme pepsin Produces HCl

Question 51

Why does the stomach produce HCl?

Answer 51

To kill bacteria Optimum pH for protease enzyme to work

Question 52

Function of gall bladder

Answer 52

Where bile is stored

Question 53

Function of pancreas

Answer 53

Produces protease, amylase, and lipase enzymes. Releases these into small intestine

Question 54

Function of large intestine

Answer 54

Where excess water is absorbed from food

Question 55

Name of first part of small intestine

Answer 55

Duodenum

Question 56

Name of last part of small intestine

Answer 56

Ileum

Question 57

Function of small intestine

Answer 57

Where nutrients are absorbed out of gut into body. Produces protease, amylase, and lipase enzymes.

Question 58

Function of rectum

Answer 58

Where faeces are stored before they leave through the anus.