Balance Flashcards
Impaired balance occurs when?
-position of COG relative to BOS is not accurately sensed
-automatic movements to bring COG to a balance position are not fast enough or well coordinated
Afferent Inputs for balance?
visual, vestibular and somatosensory inputs must be coordinated
Efferent response for balance?
movements of the ankle, knee and hip control the body
If one system is inaccurate or absent?
-many can compensate
-basis for treatment
-if cannot reconcile systems dizziness or vertigo occur
what is Static balance?
maintain stable position while standing or sitting
What is dynamic balance?
stabilize body when support surface is moving or stabilize body when body is moving
What is automatic postural reactions?
maintain balance in response to unexpected movement
core muscle activation occurs
What is ankle strategy?
smaller, slow speed perturbations
-ankle reacts first to restore COM to stable position
-most effective with slow movements
What is hip strategy?
rapid or large excursion perturbations
-place COG at limits of stability
-rapid hip flexion or extension to bring COM within BOS
What is stepping strategy?
COM moves beyond limits of stability
-forward or backward step taken to enlarge BOS to regain control
Berg Balance Scale
-tests?
-fall risk limits
-tests static and dynamic balance, pivoting, limits of stability
Fall Risk
- 0-20 high fall risk
- 21-40 medium fall risk
- 41-56 low fall risk
Tinetti Assessment
-tests?
-fall risk limits
-tests gait and balance
Fall Risk
- <19 is high fall risk
- 19-24 is fall risk
Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)
fall risk limits
<19 is predictive of falls in elderly
Timed up and go test (TUG)
how long it takes is indicator of mobility
- 20s impaired mobility
Injury and balance
stretched or damaged ligaments fail to provide adequate neural feedback
-decreased proprioceptive feedback
