Baker Electron Transport Chains

Question 1

A positive electrochemical potential is equal to what kind of gibbs?

Answer 1

+E = -G

Question 2

How many protons and electrons do flavins carry?

Answer 2

2H+, 2e-

Question 3

How many protons and electrons do FeS carry?

Answer 3

one e- per Fe

Question 4

How many protons and electrons do quinones carry?

Answer 4

2e-, 2H+

Question 5

What is the redox chain of mitochondrial complex 1?

Answer 5

FMN-3x 4Fe4S

Question 6

How many protons does complex 1 mitochondrial pump?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

How many protons does mitochondrial complex 2 pump?

Answer 7

0

Question 8

What prosthetic groups does complex 2 have?

Answer 8

FeS-cytB

Question 9

Are complexes 3 bc1 and bf6 analogous or homologous?

Answer 9

analogous- same function, different origin

Question 10

what is the ISP?

Answer 10

2Fe-2His in complex 3

Question 11

how many protons does the Q cycle pump?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

what is the structure of cytochromes?

Answer 12

porphyrin rings with varying sidechains. double bonds for electron transport. Fe/haem centre

Question 13

What is the mitochondrial complex 4 equation?

Answer 13

4CytCr + 8Hm + O2 -> 4CytCo + 4Hi + 2H2O

Question 14

What is the redox pathway of mitochondrial complex 4?

Answer 14

CuA:CuA - cyt a- cyt a3 - CuB. 
2e- to CuB and a3.
O2 peroxide bridge
2e-, 2H+ for hydroxyls
2H+ releases

Question 15

How many H does ATP synthase pump?

Answer 15

3H+ for F0/c subunit repulsion through y stalk to alpha-beta dimers for beta-catalysis by binding change mechanism

Question 16

What is the P:O ratio?

Answer 16

NADH 2.5, FADH 1.5

Question 17

what is the structure of chlorophyll?

Answer 17

cyclic tetrapyrolles with Mg centre. double bonds for electron transport

Question 18

what wavelengths are absorbed by chlorophyll?

Answer 18

red 600-700, blue 400-500

Question 19

what chlorophyll molecules are in the reaction centre?

Answer 19

special pair of chla

Question 20

which bacterium has cyclic electron transport?

Answer 20

rhodopseudomonas viridis

Question 21

What is the structure of the P960?

Answer 21

L&M structural TM helices, 2 other peptides

Question 22

what structure is pheophytin?

Answer 22

chlorophyll without the Mg

Question 23

What is the redox cycle of P960?

Answer 23

Bchl- BPh- Qa- Qb- Q pool- Cyt bc1- Cytc2 permanment subunit

Question 24

What is the PS11 wavelength?

Answer 24

680

Question 25

What is the PS11 redox groups?

Answer 25

``` Mn4 OEC P680 Pheo PQa PQb PQ pool cyt b6f PC ```

Question 26

What is the redox system of PS1?

Answer 26

``` PC P700 ChlA0 PQA1 3x 4Fe4S Fd-Q oxidoreductase 2Fe2S of Fd Fd-NADP oxidoreductase + FAD NADPH ```

Question 27

what is the pathway of chloroplast cyclic electron transport?

Answer 27

Fd to Fd-PC oxidoreductase

Question 28

what is the structure of PC?

Answer 28

analogous to cytochrome C with Copper centre

Question 29

what wavelength do caroteniods absorb?

Answer 29

green-blue

Question 30

what structure do caroteniods have?

Answer 30

C20 isoprene with double bounds

Question 31

what wavelengths do phycobilosomes absorb?

Answer 31

yellow/green 600-400

Question 32

what organisms have phycobilisomes?

Answer 32

algae, cyanobacteria

Question 33

Which direction does cytb6f translocate protons?

Answer 33

stroma into thylakiod lumen

Question 34

how do antenna pigments transfer energy?

Answer 34

resonance energy transfer

Question 35

what structure is the phycobilisome?

Answer 35

phycoerthyrin and phycocyanin attached to photosystem membrane surface

Question 36

what antenna do yeast and fungi use?

Answer 36

phycoerthyrin and phycocyanin

Question 37

what structure is the LHC11?

Answer 37

trimeric antenna complex each monomer has 12chla/b + carotenoids surronds PS11 reaction centre/special pair

Question 38

which chlorophyll is found in reaction centres?

Answer 38

a

Question 39

which protein complexes are in stacked region of thylakiod?

Answer 39

PS11 and cyt b6f

Question 40

how does the LHC11 kinase reduce energy absorption?

Answer 40

PS11>PS1 then reduced PQ activates LHC11 kinase to phosphorylate LHC11 to reduce resonance transfer

Question 41

how does the photosynthetic ETC change reduction potential?

Answer 41

decreases

Question 42

what is the complex 3 Q cycle?

Answer 42

e- to ISP to cytC/F | e- to bL to bH

Question 43

Do flavins always carry 2H?

Answer 43

No, can carry 1

Question 44

What are the 3 forms of Plasto/ubiquinone?

Answer 44

Q Q- QH2

Question 45

How are cytochromes bound to proteins?

Answer 45

Through cysteines or non-covalently

Question 46

How can the movement of ATPase be observed?

Answer 46

Linking actin filament through streptavidin/biotin to F0 when F1 is membrane bound

Question 47

How does the P:O ratio differ in bacteria and yeast?

Answer 47

Lower as more c subunits

Question 48

What are the inhibitors of mETC?

Answer 48

``` 1: rotenome, amytal 2: 3: antimycin 4: cyanide ATPase: oligomycin uncoupler ```

Question 49

What reducing power does photophosphorylation produce?

Answer 49

NADPH

Question 50

Which is the slow step of PSII?

Answer 50

QH2 pool

Question 51

How many photons are required to evolve the first oxygen?

Answer 51

3

Question 52

What is the structure of the OEC?

Answer 52

4Mn, 3 in coordination and 1 for O2 binding

Question 53

What type of tetrapyrolle are the phycobilins?

Answer 53

linear

Question 54

Is the a defined number of LHC per PS?

Answer 54

No

Question 55

Is cytochrome b6f isolated in the stacked region?

Answer 55

No, found in stacked and unstacked region of thylakoid membrane