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ImmunoMicro 2 > Bailey 1 > Flashcards

Bailey 1 Flashcards

1
Q

oligotrophs

A

grow with limited nutrients

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2
Q

microaerophiles

A

require some oxygen, but lower levels

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3
Q

Mesophiles

A

grow well in mild temps

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4
Q

Envelope of gram +

A 
Inner: 
---Cell membrane
---Thick cell wall made of:
        *Murein
        *Techoic/lipotechoic acid
Outer
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5
Q

Envelope of gram -

A 
Inner: 
---Inner membrane
---Periplasm
---Thin cell wall made of:
        *Murein
        *Lipoprotein
---Outer membrane w/ LPS
Outer
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6
Q

Structure of Murein

A

NAG and NAM

Crosslinks b/w NAM

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7
Q

Gram + Murein cross link composition

A

L-Lys-(gly)5-D-ala

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8
Q

Gram - Murein cross link composition

A

DAP-D-ala

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9
Q

Biosynthesis of murein

A

Murein made in cytoplasm

Cross linked in perisplasm

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10
Q

Structure of LPS

A 
Lipid A
  -Phosphorylated disaccharide w/ FA chains
Polysaccharide core
Repeating O antigen
  -Reason for difference
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11
Q

LPS aka endotoxin induces what cytokine? And can lead to what illness?

A

TNF-alpha

Septic shock

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12
Q

What recognize PAMPs?

A

PRRs like TLRs

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13
Q

TLR-4 recognizes what?

A

LPS

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14
Q

TLR-2 recognizes what?

A

Peptidoglycan (PG)

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15
Q

TLR-2 +6 recognizes what?

A

Teichoic acid

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16
Q

Fimbriae vs flagella

A

Fimbriae used for attachment

Flagella for motility

17
Q

Adhesins

A

Specialized proteins that are designed specifically for adherence. Located on tips of pili

18
Q

Monotrichous
Lophotrichous
Peritrichous

A

Monotrichous-One flagella
Lophotrichous-Multiple flagella in localized area
Peritrichous-many flagella all over

19
Q

Directed movement referred to as

A

taxis

May be toward something good or away from bad stimulus

20
Q

Glycocalyx

A

A substance that surrounds a cell

21
Q

Capsule definition and composition

A

Well organized glycocalyx that is firmly attached

-Made of polysaccharides, but can include monosaccharides and glycoproteins.

22
Q

Slime layer

A

Loosely attached glycocalyx

23
Q

Why is a capsule so important

A

Crucial virulence factor for some.

24
Q

TLR-5 recognizes what?

A

Flagella

Sometimes capsular polysaccharide can be recognized too?

25
Q

How are bacteria named based on serological designations?

A

O antigen-has LPS (G-)
H antigen-flagella
K-capsule
# after each letter refers to what number discovered

26
Q

Opportunistic pathogens

A

Rarely cause disease in those w/ intact immunological defenses
Many are normally found on the body (S. Aureus)

27
Q

Primary pathogens

A

Can establish infection and cause disease in individuals w/ intact immune defenses

28
Q

Before a pathogen can colonize or invade it must _____

A

adhere

29
Q

Types of adherence

A

Nonspecific adherence

Specific adherence

30
Q

Nonspecific adherence

A
  • reversible
  • docking
    • Random interactions
31
Q

Specific adherence

A
  • irreversible
  • anchoring
    • Involves fimbrae and adhesins
    • May be found on capsules or cell surface
32
Q

How does strep mutans bind

A

Binds to tooth pellicle

Adhesin is glucosyl transferase. It binds to salivary protein involved in pellicle formation

33
Q

Are all adhesins found on pili?

A

No. Can be found on cell surfaces too.

34
Q

Bacteria may bind what substance at their surface

A

Fibronectin

  • May occur due to lipotechoic acids that bind to fibronectin
  • Surface proteins will bind fibronectin too
35
Q

How do bacteria take up nutrients

A

Facilitated
Group translocation (phosphorylation linked transport)
Active transport

36
Q

How are colonization and pathogenesis related?

A

Colonization alone is not enough for pathogenesis

37
Q

Endotoxin

A

Not secreted. On the surface of bacteria

LPS is most common

38
Q

Exotoxin

A

Classified by three types:

1) Type 1-Membrane acting-toxins bind to surface receptors and stimulate transmembrane signals
2) Type 2-Membrane damaging
3) Type 3-Intracellular effectors-get into the cell and induce enzymatic activity

39
Q

What makes a microbe a pathogen

A
  • Adhere to host
  • Colonize the host
  • Replicate w/in given niche
  • Cause damage
    • Invasion
    • Toxin
    • Activate immune sys

ImmunoMicro 2 (7 decks)

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