BAHALA NA TO Flashcards
Electricity is generated at power plants and moves through a complex system, sometimes called the ____.
GRID
________ is more efficient and less expensive for long distance electricity transmission.
HIGHER VOLTAGE ELECTRICITY
________ is safer for use in homes and businesses.
LOWER VOLTAGE ELECTRICITY
__________ at substations increase (step up) or reduce (step down) voltages to adjust to the different stages of the journey from the power plant on long-distance transmission lines to distribution lines.
TRANSFORMERS
__________ is the process of converting primary energy sources such as coal, natural gas or wind into electrical power.
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
___________ is produced when a magnet is moved near a wire to create steady flow of electrons.
ELECTRICITY
_______________ can be divided into conventional and renewable fuel types.
PRIMARY SOURCES OF ENERGY
_____ is a black or dark brown rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground deposits that must be mined.
COAL
________ is flammable gas that occurs naturally underground.
NATURAL GAS
In a _________, heat is produced from splitting uranium atoms - a natural process called nuclear fission.
NUCLEAR ENERGY FACILITY
_________ uses falling water to produce electric power.
HYDROELECTRIC POWER
__________ derived from organic materials such as scrap wood, crops and some types of waste residues.
BIOMASS
___________ refers to the different stages of carrying electricity over poles and wires from generators to a home or service.
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
In the Philippines, the sending and receiving voltage from the Generation that flow in Transmission line is ________
350 kV to 500 kV
Sub-Transmission line is _________.
69 kV - 69kV
Common distribution line in three phase ____________.
13.2 kV, 13.8 kV, & 230 kV
Common distribution line in single phase ____________.
7620 V, 60 Hz
___________ is the “interstate highway” of electricity delivery.
TRANSMISSION
Transmission lines, transformers, substations and other equipment have voltages of _______ and above.
100 kV
This type of wire is used for overhead transmission lines because it sags less under emergency loads.
MARTIN 138/230 kV
If transmission is the interstate highway of the grid, distribution is the __________.
CITY STREET
It is the last leg of the delivery of electrical power from generation to the consumer.
DISTRIBUTION
The purchase and sale of electricity to resellers is done in the _____________.
WHOLESALE MARKET
The purchase and sale of electricity to consumer is done in the __________.
RETAIL MARKET
_____________ were created to address ever-increasing electricity prices and to encourage innovation through free-enterprise competition.
ORGANIZED WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKETS
The ______________ refers to the buying and selling of power between the generators and resellers.
WHOLESALE MARKET
The price for wholesale electricity can be predetermined by a buyer and seller through a ___________.
BILATERAL CONTRACT
The clearing price for electricity in the wholesale market is determined by an ___________ in which generation resources offer in a price at which they can supply a specific number of megawatt-hours of power.
AUCTION
_____ operates a wholesale electricity market that spans all or part of Delaware, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, …….
PJM
Two wire system, with one wire used as neutral. System commonly used for domestic distribution in most provinces. Supplied via single-phase pole-mounted transformer.
220 V POWER LINE
Three cables or bare wires, with one wire serving as neutral. Common in private utility-owned systems.
220/440 V POWER LINE
Standard voltage on most single-wire (single-phase) distribution lines, mostly cooperative-owned, but also used by Meralco on some areas.
7.62 kV POWER LINE
Standard voltage on two or three-wire distribution lines, mostly cooperative-owned but also used by Meralco on some areas.
13.2 kV POWER LINE
Voltage for single-phase primary distribution lines, primarily in residential areas.
20 kV POWER LINE
Subtransmission grid voltage.
69 kV POWER LINE
Typically sub-transmission voltage, primarily used by Meralco, but also used by NGCP on some transmission lines in Ilocos Region.
115 kV POWER LINE
Typically double or single-circuit lines. Conductors are usually double-bundle, but single conductor or quadruple-bundle are also used.
230 kV POWER LINE
Used on the Leyte-Luzon high voltage direct current transmission line/underwater cable.
350 kV POWER LINE
Voltage for long distance high voltage AC “backbone” lines in Luzon.
500 kV POWER LINE