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BAHALA NA TO Flashcards

1
Q

Electricity is generated at power plants and moves through a complex system, sometimes called the ____.

A

GRID

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2
Q

________ is more efficient and less expensive for long distance electricity transmission.

A

HIGHER VOLTAGE ELECTRICITY

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3
Q

________ is safer for use in homes and businesses.

A

LOWER VOLTAGE ELECTRICITY

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4
Q

__________ at substations increase (step up) or reduce (step down) voltages to adjust to the different stages of the journey from the power plant on long-distance transmission lines to distribution lines.

A

TRANSFORMERS

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5
Q

__________ is the process of converting primary energy sources such as coal, natural gas or wind into electrical power.

A

ELECTRICITY GENERATION

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6
Q

___________ is produced when a magnet is moved near a wire to create steady flow of electrons.

A

ELECTRICITY

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7
Q

_______________ can be divided into conventional and renewable fuel types.

A

PRIMARY SOURCES OF ENERGY

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8
Q

_____ is a black or dark brown rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground deposits that must be mined.

A

COAL

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9
Q

________ is flammable gas that occurs naturally underground.

A

NATURAL GAS

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10
Q

In a _________, heat is produced from splitting uranium atoms - a natural process called nuclear fission.

A

NUCLEAR ENERGY FACILITY

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11
Q

_________ uses falling water to produce electric power.

A

HYDROELECTRIC POWER

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12
Q

__________ derived from organic materials such as scrap wood, crops and some types of waste residues.

A

BIOMASS

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13
Q

___________ refers to the different stages of carrying electricity over poles and wires from generators to a home or service.

A

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

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14
Q

In the Philippines, the sending and receiving voltage from the Generation that flow in Transmission line is ________

A

350 kV to 500 kV

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15
Q

Sub-Transmission line is _________.

A

69 kV - 69kV

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16
Q

Common distribution line in three phase ____________.

A

13.2 kV, 13.8 kV, & 230 kV

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17
Q

Common distribution line in single phase ____________.

A

7620 V, 60 Hz

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18
Q

___________ is the “interstate highway” of electricity delivery.

A

TRANSMISSION

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19
Q

Transmission lines, transformers, substations and other equipment have voltages of _______ and above.

A

100 kV

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20
Q

This type of wire is used for overhead transmission lines because it sags less under emergency loads.

A

MARTIN 138/230 kV

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21
Q

If transmission is the interstate highway of the grid, distribution is the __________.

A

CITY STREET

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22
Q

It is the last leg of the delivery of electrical power from generation to the consumer.

A

DISTRIBUTION

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23
Q

The purchase and sale of electricity to resellers is done in the _____________.

A

WHOLESALE MARKET

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24
Q

The purchase and sale of electricity to consumer is done in the __________.

A

RETAIL MARKET

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25
Q

_____________ were created to address ever-increasing electricity prices and to encourage innovation through free-enterprise competition.

A

ORGANIZED WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKETS

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26
Q

The ______________ refers to the buying and selling of power between the generators and resellers.

A

WHOLESALE MARKET

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27
Q

The price for wholesale electricity can be predetermined by a buyer and seller through a ___________.

A

BILATERAL CONTRACT

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28
Q

The clearing price for electricity in the wholesale market is determined by an ___________ in which generation resources offer in a price at which they can supply a specific number of megawatt-hours of power.

A

AUCTION

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29
Q

_____ operates a wholesale electricity market that spans all or part of Delaware, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, …….

A

PJM

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30
Q

Two wire system, with one wire used as neutral. System commonly used for domestic distribution in most provinces. Supplied via single-phase pole-mounted transformer.

A

220 V POWER LINE

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31
Q

Three cables or bare wires, with one wire serving as neutral. Common in private utility-owned systems.

A

220/440 V POWER LINE

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32
Q

Standard voltage on most single-wire (single-phase) distribution lines, mostly cooperative-owned, but also used by Meralco on some areas.

A

7.62 kV POWER LINE

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33
Q

Standard voltage on two or three-wire distribution lines, mostly cooperative-owned but also used by Meralco on some areas.

A

13.2 kV POWER LINE

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34
Q

Voltage for single-phase primary distribution lines, primarily in residential areas.

A

20 kV POWER LINE

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35
Q

Subtransmission grid voltage.

A

69 kV POWER LINE

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36
Q

Typically sub-transmission voltage, primarily used by Meralco, but also used by NGCP on some transmission lines in Ilocos Region.

A

115 kV POWER LINE

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37
Q

Typically double or single-circuit lines. Conductors are usually double-bundle, but single conductor or quadruple-bundle are also used.

A

230 kV POWER LINE

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38
Q

Used on the Leyte-Luzon high voltage direct current transmission line/underwater cable.

A

350 kV POWER LINE

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39
Q

Voltage for long distance high voltage AC “backbone” lines in Luzon.

A

500 kV POWER LINE

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40
Q

What does NAPOCOR stands for?

A

NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION

41
Q

What does Transco stands for?

A

NATIONAL TRANSMISSION CORPORATION

42
Q

What does NGCP stands for?

A

NATIONAL GRID CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES

43
Q

Transmission line voltage of Batangas II Electric Cooperative.

A

69 kV

44
Q

The ____ operates the main power grid that carries electricity from power plants to substations, before distribution to electric utility companies.

A

NGCP

45
Q

NGCP’s power grid is divided into three grids, what are these?

A

LUZON GRID
VISAYAS GRID
MINDANAO GRID

46
Q

__________ is dominant as it is relatively much easier to transmit and distribute than other forms of energy.

A

ELECTRICAL POWER

47
Q

Classification of Power Distribution System

A

DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
AC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

48
Q

Types of DC Distribution System

A

UNIPOLAR DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (2-WIRE DC SYSTEM)
BIPOLAR DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (3-WIRE DC SYSTEM)

49
Q

Types of AC Distribution System

A

RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
RING MAIN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
INTER-CONNECTED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

50
Q

This system uses two conductors, one is positive and the other one is negative conductor. The energy is transmitted at only one voltage level to all the consumers using this system.

A

UNIPOLAR DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

51
Q

This is basically a combination of two series connected unipolar DC subsystems. It consists of three conductors, two outer conductors (one positive and the other is negative) and one middle conductor which acts as neutral.

A

BIPOLAR DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

52
Q

Types of DC Distributors

A

DISTRIBUTOR FED AT ONE END
DISTRIBUTOR FED AT BOTH ENDS
DISTRIBUTOR FED AT CENTER
RING DISTRIBUTOR

53
Q

In this type, distributor is connected to the supply at one end and loads are tapped at different points along its length.

A

DISTRIBUTOR FED AT ONE END

54
Q

In this type, the distributor is connected to supply at both ends and voltages at feeding points may or may not be equal.

A

DISTRIBUTOR FED AT BOTH ENDS

55
Q

In this type, the distributor is supplied at the center point. Voltage drop at the farthest ends is not as large as that would be in a distributor fed at one end.

A

DISTRIBUTOR FED AT CENTER

56
Q

In this type, the distributor is in the form of a closed ring and fed at one point. This is equivalent to a straight distributor fed at both ends with equal voltages.

A

RING MAIN DC DISTRIBUTOR

57
Q

A ______is located near or inside city/town/village/industrial area. It receives power from a transmission network.

A

DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION

58
Q

What does a power distribution system consists of?

A

DISTRIBUTION STATION
FEEDERS
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS
DISTRIBUTOR CONDUCTORS
SERVICE MAINS CONDUCTORS

59
Q

The stepped down voltage from the substation is carried to distribution transformers via feeder conductors.

A

DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS

60
Q

A distribution transformer transformer is also called as ______.

A

SERVICE TRANSFORMER

61
Q

Provides final transformation in the electric power distribution system. It is basically a step-down 3-phase transformer (13.2 kV-13.8 kV three phase, 7620 V single phase).

A

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

62
Q

Output from a distribution transformer is carried _______.

A

DISTRIBUTORS

63
Q

It is a small cable which connects the distributor conductor at the nearest pole to the consumer’s load.

A

SERVICE MAINS

64
Q

It is that part of an AC distribution system which operates at somewhat higher voltages than general residential consumer utilization.

A

PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION

65
Q

This part directly supplies to the residential end consumers.

A

SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION

66
Q

Types of AC Distribution System

A

RADIAL SYSTEM
RING MAIN SYSTEM
INTER-CONNECTED SYSTEM

67
Q

In this system separate feeders radiate from a single sub station and feed the distributors at one end only.

A

RADIAL SYSTEM

68
Q

In this system, the primaries of distribution transformers form a loop.

A

RING MAIN SYSTEM

69
Q

When the feeder ring is energized by two or more than two generating stations or substation it is called ______ inter connected system.

A

INTER-CONNECTED SYSTEM

70
Q

Two Main Elements of Electric Power Distribution

A

RETAIL FUNCTION
DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION

71
Q

An element of electric power distribution that involves buying and selling of electrical energy.

A

RETAIL FUNCTION

72
Q

An element of electric power distribution that involves transport and dissemination of the power.

A

DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION

73
Q

What are the main components of an overhead line?

A

CONDUCTORS
LINE SUPPORTS
INSULATORS
CROSSARMS

74
Q

Carries electric power from the sending end to the receiving end.

A

CONDUCTOR

75
Q

The supporting structure for overhead line conductors are various types of poles and towers called _______.

A

LINE SUPPORTS

76
Q

_______ of overhead lines should support to the electrical tower and the essential point is the current from the conductor should not contact the line support which can be able to flow to earth.

A

INSULATORS

77
Q

Types of insulators in electrical systems

A

SUPENSION TYPE INSULATORS
SHACKLE TYPE INSULATORS
PIN TYPE INSULATORS
STRAIN TYPE INSULATORS

78
Q

The main purposes of _____________ are to create the line clearance each other and separate each phases of electrical lines.

A

CROSSARMS

79
Q

Installation cost of a typical 69 kV underground distribution system per mile.

A

1.5 MILLION DOLLAR

79
Q

Types of Underground Electric Transmission Cables

A

HIGH PRESSURE, FLUID-FILLED PIPE
HIGH PRESSURE, GAS-FILLED PIPE
SELF-CONTAINED FLUID FILLED
SOLID CABLE, CROSS-LINKED POLYETHYLENE

80
Q

Consists of a steel pipe that contains three high-voltage conductors. Each conductor is made of copper or aluminum; insulated with high-quality, oil-impregnated kraft paper insulation; and covered with metal shielding.

A

HIGH PRESSURE, FLUID-FILLED PIPE

81
Q

Instead of a dielectric oil, pressurized nitrogen gas is used to insulate the conductors.

A

HIGH PRESSURE, GAS-FILLED PIPE

82
Q

The __________ of underground transmission is often used for underwater transmission construction. The conductors are hollow and filled with an insulating fluid that is pressurized to 25 to 50 psi. In addition, three cables are independent of each other. They are not placed together in a pipe.

A

SELF-CONTAINED FLUID FILLED

82
Q

_________ cable has become the national standard for underground electric transmission lines less than 200 kV

A

XLPE

83
Q

The cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) underground transmission line is often called ______.

A

DIELECTRIC CABLE

83
Q

are large concrete boxes buried at regular intervals along the underground construction route.

A

VAULTS

84
Q

For underground cables less than 345 kV, the connection from overhead to underground lines require the construction of a transition structure, also known as __________.

A

RISER

85
Q

are placed close to where the underground cable connect to the overhead line to protect the underground cable from nearby lightning strikes.

A

LIGHTNING ARRESTORS

86
Q

High voltage (345 kV or greater) underground transmission lines require __________ wherever the underground cable connects to overhead transmission.

A

TRANSITION STATIONS

87
Q

For HPFF systems, a pressurizing plant maintains fluid pressure in the pipe. The number of pressurizing plants depends on the length of the underground lines. It may be located within a substation. It includes a reservoir that holds reserve fluid.

A

PRESSURIZING SOURCES

88
Q

Similar to overhead transmission construction, underground construction begins by staking the ROW boundaries and marking sensitive resources.

A

RIGHT-OF-WAY CONSTRUCTION ZONE

89
Q

__________ determined that any current that flows as a result of an induced voltage will flow in a direction to oppose the action that causes the voltage to be induced.

A

Lenz’ law

90
Q

Types of Distribution Transformer Construction

A

CORE TYPE
SHELL TYPE

91
Q

Distribution transformer with _________ can only be used in grounded wye systems.

A

SINGLE PRIMARY BUSHING

92
Q

Distribution transformer with ___________ can be used on three-wire delta systems or four-wire systems if they are properly connected.

A

TWO PRIMARY BUSHING

93
Q

When the current flows in the same direction in two adjacent primary and secondary terminals, the polarity of the transformer is said to be _____________.

A

SUBTRACTIVE

94
Q

When current flows in opposite directions, the polarity is said to be ____________.

A

ADDITIVE

95
Q

If greater capacity is desired, two transformers of the same or different kVA ratings may be connected in _____________.

A

PARALLEL

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