bagrot material Flashcards
exam topics
What is formal language?
Proper and polite structure, longer sentences, uses sophisticated words, high importance on correct grammar and spelling.
What is informal language?
Casual structure, shorter sentences, includes personal pronouns, uses simple words, less emphasis on correct grammar and spelling.
Define privilege in society.
Unearned access or advantages granted to specific groups due to their membership in a social group.
What are the five criteria journalists use to determine newsworthiness?
- Timeliness
- Proximity
- Conflict and Controversy
- Human Interest
- Relevance
What does IMVAIN stand for in evaluating sources?
- Independent
- Multiple Sources
- Verifiable
- Authoritative and/or Informed
- Named
What are the terms used to describe source reliability?
- Reliable: Confirmed, Stated, Verified
- Unreliable: Reportedly, Alleged/Allegedly, Claimed, Likely/Probably, Asserted
List elements of a quality and ethical article.
- Include 5Ws & 1H
- Be balanced
- Have at least two reliable sources
- Include two or more quotes from different sources
What is the purpose of public narrative?
To build understanding, entertain, teach, and humanize the big picture.
What are the three types of public narrative?
- Story of Self
- Story of Us
- Story of Now
Define globalization.
The increasing movement of people, money, products, and ideas across national borders.
What are the advantages of globalization?
- Economic growth
- Increased opportunities if economies are liberalized
What are some disadvantages of globalization?
- Inequality of Opportunities
- Environmental Impact
- Workers’ Rights
- Fair trade concerns
- Economic Interdependence
What are the four worlds in international relations?
- Political
- Cultural
- Social
- Economic
Define sovereignty.
The ability to rule absolutely within a territory.
What are the four elements of sovereignty?
- Population
- Territory
- Sovereignty
- Government
What is the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)?
The principle is that states must protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. If a state fails, the international community has a responsibility to intervene.
What are the three pillars of R2P?
- Pillar One: Protection Responsibilities of the State
- Pillar Two: International Assistance and Capacity-Building
- Pillar Three: Timely and Decisive Response
What is the difference between position-based and interest-based negotiation?
- Position-based: What you want
- Interest-based: Why you want it
What does ethos refer to in methods of persuasion?
The credibility of the speaker or writer, reflecting their character and how they are perceived by the audience.
What does ‘interests’ refer to in the context of negotiation?
Underlying reasons, values, or motivations for a party’s position
Define ‘ethos’ in the context of persuasion.
Credibility of the speaker or writer, relating to their character and perceived values
What techniques can speakers use to boost their ethos?
- Remind the audience of their authority on the subject
- Refer to their own experience and expertise
- Boost ethos by association with respected sources
- Make the audience feel similarities
- Acknowledge the other side for fairness
What is ‘logos’ in persuasion?
Explaining something logically, using facts and statistics to create agreement
What techniques are associated with logos?
- Requires facts and figures
- Uses examples and case studies
- Incorporates expert opinions
What does ‘pathos’ appeal to in an audience?
Emotions, aiming to provoke sympathy and empathy
How does a speaker utilize pathos?
By using language or images that provoke an emotional response
Fill in the blank: Ethos is about the _______ of the speaker.
[credibility]
True or False: Pathos targets logical reasoning in an audience.
False
Ethos
refers to the credibility of the speaker or writer. Because ethos is about the
character of the speaker and how they are perceived by the audience, it is also about
values and ethics. We trust a person with a good reputation, someone who is credible,
moral and trustworthy.
Story of Self
Leaders learn how to tell a story that communicates the values that
explain why they have been called to lead.
Story of Us
This is a story to help the group understand each other and feel a sense
of “us-ness,” a community with shared values rooted in a common experience of
some kind.
Story of Now
This story links the speaker and the group to what’s happening now.
It usually begins with a challenge to the audience and ends with a call to action.
