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1
Q

Moisture sensor description

A

measures water levels

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2
Q

How does an SSD store data (6)

A

uses NAND/NOR technology/flip-flops

stores data by flashing it onto chips

transistors controls flow of electrons

electric current reaches control gate

current flows through to floating gate to be stored

when data is stored transistor is converted from 1 to 0

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3
Q

Advantages of resistive (2)

A

cheap technology

can use gloved fingers to input

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4
Q

Disadvantages of resistive (3)

A

does not allow multi-touch

poor visibility in sunlight

vulnerable to scratches

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5
Q

Features of freeware (3)

A

user cannot access source code - cannot fix bugs

software covered by copyright

user needs owner’s permission to do anything

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6
Q

Define a core

A

made up of ALU, control unit, registers

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7
Q

Define hacking

A

gaining illegal access to computer system without user permission

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8
Q

Features of operating system (4)

A

allow user to communicate with computer

stored on HDD/SSD + RAM

enables computer system to function correctly

provides environment where applications can be run

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9
Q

How does cloud storage work (3)

A

data stored on remote servers

same data stored on more than one server - clients can access data at any time

owned and managed by company

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10
Q

When does an interrupt occur when printing (3)

A

paper jam

out of ink

out of paper

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11
Q

Function of an NIC

A

allow device to connect to network

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12
Q

Disadvantages of low-level language (2)

A

longer to write programs

programs more difficult to understand

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13
Q

Define an automated system (2)

A

combination of software and hardware

programmed to work automatically

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14
Q

Define the world wide web (2)

A

collection of websites/webpages

uses internet to get info from web servers

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15
Q

How might parity checks not detect an error

A

if there is an even number of bits changed

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16
Q

How optical mouse works (5)

A

shines LED under mouse

light reflects back through lens

converted to value

value transmitted to computer

computer determines direction and speed of movement

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17
Q

What is used to read and write data on CDs/DVDs

A

a red laser

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18
Q

Description of level sensor

A

detects liquid levels

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19
Q

When are inkjet printers used? (3)

A

high quality images

photographs

low volume printing

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20
Q

Define robotics (2)

A

branch of computer science

incorporates operation of robots

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21
Q

Define a control bus (3)

A

Carries signals to other components of CPU

directs CPU

unidirectional or bidirectional

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22
Q

Define blockchain (2)

A

decentralised database

time-stamped ledger of permanent records

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23
Q

Disadvantages of an automated system in industry (4)

A

expensive to set up

events can occur which system not programmed to respond to

subject to cyber attacks

need enhanced maintenance which can be expensive

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24
Q

Define mp3

A

lossy for audio files

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25
Q

Solutions to hardware failure

A

maintain hardware

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26
Q

What is an HTML’s presentation (2)

A

style of document

format of webpage

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27
Q

When is ROM used

A

BIOS (basic input and output system)

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28
Q

Description of gas sensors

A

detect gas being monitored + produce outputs

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29
Q

Benefits of laser printer (3)

A

can print duplex (on both sides of paper)

Faster printing

Cheaper long term (does not have to purchase ink cartridges)

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30
Q

Description of NOR gate

A

arrowhead with circle in front

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31
Q

Advantage of infrared touchscreens (3)

A

allow multi-touch

allows gloved fingers to be used

durable

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32
Q

Examples of SSD (2)

A

memory cards

USB flash memory drive

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33
Q

Disadvantages of HDD (2)

A

hard disk can have slow data access when compared to RAM

can have latency - time delay

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34
Q

Describe the fetch decode execute cycle (7)

A

PC has address of next instruction to fetch

address in PC copied to MAR via address bus

instruction copied from MAR to MDR

instruction copied from MDR to CIR

CPU decodes instruction in CIR to determine what operation needs to be performed

executed by sending signals via control bus to computer components

value in PC incremented by 1 to point at next instruction to fetch

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35
Q

How does virtual memory work

A

moves oldest data out of RAM into HDD when RAM is full

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36
Q

Router (2)

A

network component

uses IP address to send data to correct destination

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37
Q

How does ARQ work (4)

A

uses positive/negative acknowledgements

send acknowledgement that data received

if acknowledgement not received = data resent in timeout until positive acknowledgment received or set number of retransmissions reached

error detected = request to resend data

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38
Q

Disadvantages of USB (3)

A

cable length only 5 m

data transfer rate slow compared to others

early USB models may not be supported by modern computers

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39
Q

Drawbacks of virtual memory (2)

A

disk thrashing - system too busy moving data in out of memory to do anything

slower as it is using data from secondary storage

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40
Q

Solutions to software failure

A

make sure software is up to date

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41
Q

Description of infrared passive sensors

A

measure heat radiation given by object

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42
Q

Define source code

A

original program

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43
Q

QR code benefits (3)

A

hold more data

easier to read - can be read just using cameras

easier to transmit QR codes

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44
Q

Disadvantages of echo checks

A

not known whether error occurred when first sending data or when sending data back

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45
Q

Characteristics of expert systems (4)

A

have knowledge base

have rule base

have inference engine

have interface

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46
Q

Blu-ray applications (3)

A

record high definition tv programs

skip quickly to any part of disk

edit programmes on disk

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47
Q

Disadvantages of GUI (3)

A

uses more memory than CLI

user limited to icons provided on screen

needs operating system to operate

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48
Q

Purpose of DDoS attack (2)

A

deny people access to a website

floods network with useless spam traffic

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49
Q

Function of CIR

A

stores current instruction being decoded/executed

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50
Q

Solutions to water destroying data (2)

A

no water near device

keep device in waterproof box when not used

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51
Q

Define lossless file compression

A

data from original file reconstructed

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52
Q

Features of application software (2)

A

provides services user requires

allows user to execute software when required

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53
Q

Define an address bus (2)

A

carries address locations of next item to be fetched

data travels one way ( unidirectional)

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54
Q

Example of domain type (2)

A

.com

.net

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55
Q

Features of assemblers (5)

A

program

translates assembly language/low-level language to machine code

1 LLL statement translates = 1 machine code instruction

usually distributed for general use

translated programs able to run without assembler

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56
Q

How keyboard works (4)

A

key pushes switch on circuit board

completes circuit

location of press calculated

location corresponds to ASCII value

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57
Q

How echo checks work (3)

A

copy of data sent to sender by receiver

copy compared with original

no difference = no error

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58
Q

Solutions to data being damaged from power surge (2)

A

use UPS

provides back up power once original power source fails

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59
Q

Features of SSL (3)

A

type of protocol

transmits data securely

computer rules to communicate across network

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60
Q

OR gate rule

A

output = 1 if either input = 1

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61
Q

How can a mobile phone be used without removing gloves

A

use capacitive gloves - allows charge to be disturbed

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62
Q

Define HTTP(s) (2)

A

protocol used when transferring files across internet

uses encryption

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63
Q

NOR gate rule

A

output = 1 if neither inputA OR B = 1

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64
Q

How parity checks work (3)

A

parity is EVEN or ODD (number of 1 bits)

left most bit is parity bit

change = change in even or odd bits = error

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65
Q

How microphone works (3)

A

diaphragm vibrates producing electric signal

signal goes to sound card

converted into digital values

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66
Q

Define a cookie (2)

A

small files on user computer

contains data about user history/preference

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67
Q

Define object code

A

code after compilation

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68
Q

How LCD works (5)

A

light generated by a bulb

light sent to group of chromatic-coated mirrors

mirrors reflect light back at different wavelengths

images combined using prism to create full colour image

image passed through projector lens onto a screen

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69
Q

Description of accelerometer sensor

A

measure motion of object

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70
Q

Benefits of virtual memory (2)

A

programs larger than RAM can still be executed

reduces need to buy more RAM

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71
Q

Disadvantages of capacitive touchscreen (2)

A

cannot use when wearing gloves

screen will shatter on impact

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72
Q

Advantages of capacitive touchscreen (3)

A

allows multi-touch

durable surface

good visibility in sunlight

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73
Q

What does SSL stand for

A

secure socket layer

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74
Q

How is a webpage received (5)

A
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75
Q

Disadvantage of packet switching (2)

A

packets can be lost

delay at destination where packets are re-ordered

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76
Q

Solutions to fire destroying data (2)

A

keep device in fireproof box when not used

use electrics safety

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77
Q

Define a CPU (3)

A

is microprocessor/processor

executes all instructions in computer application

carries out calculations

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78
Q

Define brute force attacks

A

trying different combinations of letters/numbers/symbols until password found

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79
Q

Function of ACC (2)

A

carries ALU calculations

stores data temporarily during those calculation

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80
Q

Define firmware

A

program that provides low level control for devices

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81
Q

Data in packet header (4)

A

IP address of sender

IP address of receiver

Sequence number of packet (to reaarange in order)

Size of packet in bytes

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82
Q

How encryption works (3)

A

plain text encrypted using algorithm/key

key transmitted separately from text

key used to decrypt the cypher text

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83
Q

Features of viruses (3)

A

program that replicates

corrupt files + cause computer to malfunction

need active host program/infected OS to work

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84
Q

Advantages of interpreters (2)

A

quicker to debug - stop translation once error detected

portable - can run on any platform as source code included in translation

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85
Q

Description of flow sensor

A

measure flow rate of liquid/gas and produce output

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86
Q

How DLP screen works (5)

A

uses tiny mirrors

mirrors laid out in grid

mirrors tilt towards/away from light source

mirrors reflect light towards lens

colour produced using colour wheel

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87
Q

Define AI (2)

A

branch of computer science

simulation of intelligent computer behaviour

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88
Q

Define social engineering (2)

A

manipulating people into giving personal data

e.g Phishing + Malware

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89
Q

How SSL works (5)

A

browser sends message to connect with website

browser requests web server to identify itself

web server sends SSL certificate copy to browser

web browser authenticates certificate

sends message to server to allow communication

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90
Q

Description of humidity sensor

A

measures amount of water vapour in air sample

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91
Q

Examples of system software (3)

A

compiler

device driver

operating system

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92
Q

Functions of operating systems (6)

A

handles interrupts

manages memory/files

allows multitasking

manages peripherals

platform for running application software

provide interface

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93
Q

Differences between IPv6 + IPv4 (3)

A

IPv4 written in denary, IPv6 written in hexadecimal

IPv4 is 32 bit, IPv6 is 128 bit

IPv4 separated with dots, IPv6 separated with colons

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94
Q

ROM features (3)

A

non-volatile - data not lost once computer powered off

ROM is permanent - cannot be changed, contents can only be read

often stores instructions a computer needs to access when powering up

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95
Q

Temperature sensor description

A

measures temperature of surroundings

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96
Q

Function of RAM (4)

A

store data currently in use

store files currently in use

store part of application currently in use

store part of operating system currently in use

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97
Q

Software stored on SSDs (3)

A

operating system

application software

utility software

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98
Q

Benefits of packet switching (2)

A

no need to tie up single communication line

high transmission rate possible

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99
Q

How CDs/DVDs work (5)

A

laser shone at disk

arm moves laser across disk surface

laser burns pits onto disk surface

laser reads the pits and lands on disk surface

reflected light from laser shining on disk is captured by sensor

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100
Q

Disadvantages of Expert Systems (3)

A

high costs

requires lots of training

only have facts entered into system

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101
Q

Benefits of compilers (4)

A

compiled program can be stored for use

compiled program can be executed without compiler

compiled program takes up less memory when executed

compiled program executed in shorter time

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102
Q

Disadvantages of robots (4)

A

lead to unemployment

expensive

risk of deskilling

difficult to do non-standard tasks

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103
Q

Benefits of persistent (permanent) cookies

A

no need to type login details when visiting website

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104
Q

How digital cameras work (5)

A

images converted from analogue to digital using ADC

image turned to pixels

each pixel given value/colour

pixels form grid

pixels stored in sequence

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105
Q

How does a disk defragmenter work

A

rearranges blocks of data to store files in contiguous sectors

106
Q

How USB connects to device (3)

A

computer automatically detects that device present

USB loads appropriate device driver for communication

new device detected = user prompted to download appropriate device driver software

107
Q

Examples of internal secondary storage (2)

A

HDD (Hard Disk Drive)

SSD (Solid State Drive)

108
Q

How does SRAM work

A

uses flip-flops which hold each bit of memory

109
Q

Features of persistent (permanent) cookies (3)

A

remember user’s log in details

stored on hard drive of user computer until expiration date/deleted

still exists even if browser closed

110
Q

Function of core (2)

A

process instruction

carry out fetch-decode-execute cycle

111
Q

How packet switching works (3)

A

data split into packets

each packet sent independently

packets reassembled into correct order at destination based on information in header

112
Q

How inkjet printer works (3)

A

print head moves nozzles side to side across page

nozzles spray liquid ink droplets on paper

ink droplets created using piezoelectric or thermal bubble technology

113
Q

Features of worms (3)

A

standalone virus - no need for host

replicates and spreads to other computers

arrive as message attachment

114
Q

features of spyware (3)

A

software

gathers info based on user’s actions

sent info to cybercriminal

115
Q

Drawbacks of SSD (3)

A

does not last long

higher cost

sensitive to high temperatures + power loss

116
Q

Advantages of Expert System (3)

A

consistent results

fast response speed

can store lots of facts

117
Q

Similarities between IPv4 + IPv6 (3)

A

both unique

can be static/dynamic

assigned by router/ISP

118
Q

Advantages of GUI (3)

A

user doesn’t need to learn any commands

icons represent applications - more user friendly

pointing device click on icon to launch application - simpler than typing commands

119
Q

How to prevent brute force attacks (2)

A

locking device once certain number of incorrect passwords guessed

strong password

120
Q

DVD and CD differences

A

DVD has larger storage capacity

121
Q

Name the 2 types of cookies

A

session cookie

persistent (permanent cookie)

122
Q

How operating system manages peripherals

A

allows communication with input/output devices using device drive

123
Q

Example of HTML presentation (3)

A

colour

font size

font style

124
Q

How laser printer works (5)

A

laser removes charge in certain areas of drum - creates shape of content to be printed

toner attracted to charged areas –> stick to drum

charge applied to sheet of paper - toner attracted to paper

fusers melt toner onto paper

discharge lamp removes static charge from the drum

125
Q

How does symmetric encryption work

A

uses same key to encrypt/decrypt message

126
Q

How is a webpage sent (2)

A
127
Q

Description of light sensors

A

produce output depending on light brightness

128
Q

Description of infrared active sensors (2)

A

use invisible infrared beam

beam broken = change in amount of infrared reaching sensor

129
Q

How QR code works (7)

A

scanned by camera

light reflected back

black squares reflect less than white squares

3 large squares define alignment

square’s data decoded - each square has binary value

processed by app

links to website or document

130
Q

Benefits of SSDs over HDDs (4)

A

no moving parts - more reliable/less damage

small

data is faster than HDD

lower power consumption

131
Q

When are laser printers used? (2)

A

high speed printing

large volume printing

132
Q

Examples of utility software (5)

A

virus checkers

defragmentation software

file compression

file management

back-up software

133
Q

Advantages of high-level language (4)

A

quicker to write programs

easier to debug programs

independent of type of computer used

code is portable

134
Q

Description of pressure sensors

A

generates different electric currents depending on pressure applied

135
Q

Advantages of robots (4)

A

higher productivity

less expensive in long run (no pay)

more consistent

can work in hazardous environments

136
Q

What is the protocol for URL (2)

A

http

https

137
Q

QR code disadvantages (2)

A

can be used to transmit malicious codes

more than one QR format available

138
Q

Shareware meaning (3)

A

trial version of software with limited features

user needs to pay fee to access full version

protected by copyright

139
Q

Features of compilers (5)

A

program that translates HLL to machine code

translates whole code at same time

produces executable file of machine code

usually distributed for general use

program able to run without compiler

140
Q

How operating system manages memory (4)

A

manages movement of data to and from RAM e.g movement from RAM to secondary storage

keeps track of status of memory locations

memory protection - ensures 2 applications cannot use same memory location at same time

141
Q

Define Cache memory (4)

A

temporary memory using static RAM

located within CPU

stores frequently used instructions

stores data that needs to be accessed faster

142
Q

Function of IDE (2)

A

software

helps writing/development of programs

143
Q

Inkjet disadvantages (3)

A

ink cartridges dont last long

expensive to run

printing can smudge

144
Q

Features of ransomware (2)

A

encrypt data on user computer

user pays cybercriminal to send decryption key

145
Q

Define a data bus (2)

A

Carries data being processed

Data travels in both directions (bi-directional)

146
Q

Define a buffer

A

memory area that stores data temporarily

147
Q

Difference between Blu-ray and DVDs (4)

A

Blue ray uses blue laser - shorter wavelength

shorter wavelength allows pits and lands to be smaller - stores 5 times more data than dvd

blu ray automatically comes with encryption

blu ray data transmission is faster than dvd

148
Q

Features of synchronous data transmission (5)

A

continuous stream of data

data accompanied by timing signal

synchronizes sender and receiver

receiver counts number of bits sent

reassembles into bytes

149
Q

Define domain name

A

website name

150
Q

Description of XOR gate

A

arrowhead with line behind

151
Q

Laser printer disadvantages (3)

A

larger carbon footprint

more time to warm up

toner cartridge more expensive

152
Q

Function of ALU

A

carries out arithmetic/logic operations while program being run

153
Q

How DDoS attacks work (4)

A

multiple computers used as bots

lots of requests sent to a server at the same time

server cannot respond to all requests

causing server to fail

154
Q

Factors which determine the performance of the CPU (4)

A

clock speed

width of address/data bus

cache

size of core

155
Q

Features of trojan horse (3)

A

program disguised as genuine software

carries harm to user computer system

will give cybercriminals user personal info

156
Q

Example of HTML structure (2)

A

contents in header

main contents of website

157
Q

Advantages of synchronous data transmission

A

faster

158
Q

How data can be damaged accidentally (4)

A

Fire + water

power surge

data accidentally deleted

hardware + software failure

159
Q

Function of MAR

A

temporarily stores address of memory location of data to be accessed

160
Q

Define inference engine (2)

A

gathers information from users by asking questions

examines knowledge base for data which matches queries

161
Q

Description of OR gate

A

arrowhead

162
Q

Describe how a barcode scanner works (5)

A

red laser shone on barcode

light reflected back (white lines reflect more light)

sensors detect light

microprocessor decodes data

bars will give different binary values

163
Q

Difference between primary memory and secondary storage (5)

A

primary memory directly accessed by CPU while secondary storage not

Secondary storage is all non-volatile

secondary storage can be external or internal to computer

Primary storage faster to access than secondary storage

primary has less storage capacity

164
Q

Function of HTML

A

developing web pages

165
Q

Define digital currency (3)

A

form of payment

transfers money from accounts in transactions

exists in electric form only

166
Q

Define mp4

A

lossy for multimedia files

167
Q

How compilers react to error

A

error report produced instead of compiled program

168
Q

Features of free software (3)

A

user can access source code - fix bugs

user can redistribute program

source code can be studied for educational purposes

169
Q

Disadvantages of keyboard (3)

A

dirt/food can get into keys

easy to make a mistake

can be slow

170
Q

How 2D scanner works (5)

A

paper placed on a glass panel

light illuminates document

scan head moves across document

lens focuses on document image

scanned image turned to electric form by CCD (charge coupled device)

171
Q

Consequence of disk fragmentation (2)

A

slower data access time

HDD read-write head requires several movements to find/retrieve data

172
Q

How operating system manages files (3)

A

allows user to save file

allows user to create file

allows user to delete file

173
Q

Define dynamic IP address (2)

A

assigned by ISP when device logs on to internet

change

174
Q

Description of NAND gate

A

curved rectangle with circle in front

175
Q

Differences between RAM and ROM (4)

A

RAM is a temporary memory device while ROM is a permanent memory device

RAM is volatile while ROM is non-volatile

RAM can be edited but ROM cannot be altered

RAM used to store data currently in use while ROM stores data needed to start up

176
Q

Cloud storage drawbacks (3)

A

unstable internet can cause problems accessing files

can be expensive if large storage capacity required

cloud storage can fail and lose all data

177
Q

What does the website address contain (4)

A

domain host

domain name

domain type

country code

178
Q

Purpose of the secondary storage (4)

A

permanently stores data

loads application software

loads operating system

allows user data to be accessed

179
Q

Why might a capacitive touchscreen not work if the person is wearing gloves (2)

A

gloves are not conductive

gloves block charge from finger

180
Q

Disadvantages of interpreters (2)

A

longer to execute

translated programs cannot be run without interpreter

181
Q

How do infrared touchscreens work? (5)

A

infrared rays sent across screen from edges

rays form grid around screen

sensors capture beams

infrared ray broken by finger touching screen

calculation made where beam broken to locate touch

182
Q

Features of interpreters (4)

A

executes HLL program 1 statement at a time

1 HLL statement = multiple machine code instructions to be executed

does not produce executable file

program cannot run without interpreter

183
Q

Description of NOT gate

A

triangle with circle in front

184
Q

Disadvantages of high-level language (3)

A

larger programs

longer - need to wait for program to be translated

program not be able to directly use hardware

185
Q

What if the operating system did not manage memory (4)

A

data may be lost

applications may produce incorrect result based on wrong data

security issues - incorrect data placement in memory location

computer could crash

186
Q

Define HTML structure

A

layout of webpage

187
Q

3 groups of memory storage devices

A

Primary memory

Secondary storage

Offline storage

188
Q

Function of PC

A

stores address where next instruction to be read can be found

189
Q

How interpreters react to error

A

stops execution

190
Q

Define a web browser (3)

A

software

interprets HTML sent from websites

then produces results on screen

191
Q

Lossy file compression examples (3)

A

Mp3

MP4

JPEG

192
Q

Characteristics of robot (4)

A

programmable

have mechanical structure

has electrical components

have degree of movement

193
Q

Define internet (2)

A

worldwide collection of connected networks

uses TCP and IP

194
Q

Advantages of an automated systems (4)

A

faster

safer

likely to run under optimum condition

less expensive in long run

195
Q

Description of proximity sensor

A

detect presence of nearby object

196
Q

Define the file name in a URL

A

item on web page

197
Q

Examples of what is stored in primary memory (2)

A

BIOS

start-up instructions

198
Q

Define machine learning (2)

A

training computers with sample data so they can make predictions on unseen data

algorithms learning from past experiences

199
Q

How 3D scanners work (3)

A

object has x,y coordinates

scans along coordinates

scanned image used by CAD

200
Q

Equation for size of mono sound file

A

sample rate (Hz) x sample resolution (bits) x sample length (seconds)

201
Q

Define HTML webpage

A

formatting of webpage

202
Q

Define static IP addresses (2)

A

permanently assigned to device by ISP

do not change

203
Q

Advantages of inkjet printer (3)

A

Cheap to initially purchase

high quality output

relatively quiet

204
Q

Advantages of low-level language (4)

A

can use hardware

performs task quickly

able to access RAM + registers

code doesn’t take much primary memory

205
Q

Format of URL

A

protocol://website address/path/file name

206
Q

How do capacitive touchscreens work (4)

A

electric fields created between glass layers

sensors monitor electric field

touched = electrostatic charge transferred to finger

location of touch calculated

207
Q

XOR gate rule

A

output = 1 if input A is 1 AND input B is 0 OR input A is 0 AND input B is 1

208
Q

NAND gate rule

A

output = 1 if both input = 0

209
Q

Define knowledge base (2)

A

stores knowledge on area of expertise

repository of facts

210
Q

Cloud storage benefits (5)

A

file can be accessed as long as there is internet

customer does not need same computer or to carry external storage device with them

cloud provides back-up

cloud storage can recover data

cloud offers almost unlimited storage capacity

211
Q

Benefit of LCD projector (3)

A

uses less power

higher resolution

runs quiter

212
Q

Data in trailer (2)

A

method of identifying end of packet

error checking

213
Q

How cookies work on websites (2)

A

website checks if browser has set cookies before

if does browser reads cookie on user preferences

214
Q

Features of session cookies (4)

A

stored in temporary memory

doesn’t identify user

doesn’t exist once browser/website closed

collects info about user’s interaction with site

215
Q

Define expert systems (2)

A

form of AI

mimic human knowledge

216
Q

How is fragmentation caused (3)

A

HDD becomes full

files become deleted/partially deleted/extended over time

blocks for files become scattered all over surface

217
Q

How does asymmetric encryption work (5)

A

uses private and public keys

public key sent to sender

sender encrypts document

sender sends cipher text to receiver

receiver uses private key to decrypt

218
Q

Function of control unit (2)

A

decodes instructions

sends signals to other components telling them what to do

219
Q

Features of system software (4)

A

programs that control hardware operation

provides services which computer requires

provide platform which other software can run

allow hardware and software to run without problem

220
Q

Solutions to data being accidentally deleted (2)

A

verification for data deletion

limit people who can delete data

221
Q

What technology does HDD use

A

magnetic

222
Q

Disadvantages of compilers

A

harder to debug - produces error report

223
Q

Why HTML presentation is separate from structure (2)

A

presentation can be changed without affecting structure

presentation can be used for different webpage

224
Q

Features of high-level languages (4)

A

programming language - converts to machine code using translator

is portable

designed with programmer in mind

one line of code can perform multiple commands

225
Q

Define user interface

A

allows user and expert system to interacts

226
Q

Define a URL

A

text address to access websites

227
Q

Features of asynchronous data transmission (3)

A

data transmitted in agreed bit pattern

data bits grouped together and sent with control bits

receiver of data knows when data starts/ends

228
Q

Features of low-level language (3)

A

programming language

dependent on hardware

refer to machine code, binary, assembly language

229
Q

3 types of technology for secondary (and off-line) storage (3)

A

magnetic

solid state

optical

230
Q

Define 2 step verification (2)

A

authentication

uses 2 methods to verify users

231
Q

How checksum works (6)

A

checksum calculated from data block using algorithm

checksum transmitted with data block

checksum recalculated by receiver using same algorithm

original checksum compared with calculated checksum

checksum equal = no change

if not = request to resend data

232
Q

Examples of optical storage devices (2)

A

CDs

DVDs

233
Q

Examples of application software (4)

A

photo editing

video editing

word processor

spreadsheet

234
Q

AND gate rule

A

output = 1 if both inputs = 1

235
Q

Examples of operating systems (2)

A

Microsoft Windows

Google Android

236
Q

Define an interrupt (2)

A

signal sent from device/software to microprocessor

causes microprocessor to stop what it is doing + address the more urgent problem

237
Q

NOT gate rule

A

output = 1 if input = 0

238
Q

Define rule base (2)

A

set of rules for inference engine

use logical thinking draw conclusions (IF statements)

239
Q

Description of AND gate

A

curved rectangle

240
Q

How do resistive touchscreens work (5)

A

uses multiple layers of material

transmits electric currents

when touched, top layer pushed into bottom layer

electric current changes

location of touch found

241
Q

Define a compiler (2)

A

program which translates program written in high-level language to machine code

can be directly used by computer to perform task

242
Q

Description of acoustic/sound sensors

A

microphones that convert sound into electric signals

243
Q

Examples of digital currency (2)

A

Paypal

Credit cards

244
Q

Main characteristics of AI (4)

A

collects data

has rules for using that data

ability to reason

ability to learn/adapt

245
Q

Function of primary memory

A

allows CPU to access applications/services temporarily stored in memory locations

246
Q

LED benefits (3)

A

consumes less power

has bright screen/colours

lasts long

247
Q

Example of domain host

A

www

248
Q

Examples of causes of interrupts (3)

A

input/output process

hardware/software fault

user interaction - keyboard

249
Q

Ethical issues with distributing and developing software (4)

A

Plagiarism

Offensive material

privacy of data

production of malware

250
Q

Examples of external secondary storage (4)

A

DVD

CD

Blu-ray disk

USB

251
Q

Features of adware

A

floods user with unwanted advertising

252
Q

Function of cookies (3)

A

track user preferences

hold items in online shopping cart

store login details

253
Q

How interrupt is serviced (3)

A

status of current task saved - contents in PC + other registers saved

Interrupt service routine executed by loading start address into PC

interrupt has been serviced = contents of saved registers retrieved + interrupted task continued

254
Q

7 mark sensor answer (7)

A

Sensor name

Sensor send signal which converts analogue to digital using ADC

Microprocessor compares digital value (ADC value) with stored value (in the question)

If it’s within range nothing happens

If it’s outside ange signal is sent to actuator

does something (according to question)

system operates in a continuous loop

255
Q

How is a webpage requested (8)

A

user enters URL in address bar

browser asks DNS server for website IP address

DNS sends matching IP address to user computer

required pages downloaded onto HTML files

server sends HTML files to browser

browser interprets HTML

website displayed on screen

256
Q

Functions of web browsers (4)

A

bookmark websites

store user history

store cookies

allowing use of multiple tabs

257
Q

Equation for file size of image

A

image resolution (pixels) x colour depth (bits)

258
Q

3 types of translators (3)

A

compiler

Interpreter

Assembler

259
Q

Disadvantages of infrared touchscreens (3)

A

sensitive to moisture

sensitive to light interference

accidental activation if infrared disturbed

260
Q

SRAM and DRAM differences (6)

A

SRAM more expensive

SRAM uses more power

DRAM for main memory while SRAM for cache

SRAM faster

DRAM stores more bits per chip

DRAM needs to be recharged to maintain data while SRAM holds data as long as there is power

Computer Science (2 decks)

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