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Agents of Disease > Bacto > Flashcards

Bacto Flashcards

1
Q

Actinomyces

A 
Gram + 
Branching Filamentous
Oral cavity commensal 
Club colonies - pussy granules 
Chronic osteomyelitis 
endogenous - dental rupture/oral abrasion
Bone regrows porously, pus filled.
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2
Q

Actinomyces species?

A

A.bovis - chronic osteomyelitis in oral cavity

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3
Q

Rhodococcus

A 
Gram + pleomorphic rods 
Saphrophyte, coprophilc 
strict aerobe 
Intracellular 
Live & replicate in alveolar macrophages 
VapA virulence
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4
Q

Rhodococcus species?

A

R. equi - Rattles

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5
Q

Staphylococcus

A 
Gram + cocci clusters 
Facultative anaerobe 
Commensal 
Virulent coagulase +
Catalase + 
NaCl, mannitol, sebaceous gland enzymes
capsule 
Haemolytic 
MSCRAMMs
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6
Q

Staph species?

A

S.aureus - Bumblefoot/ Contagious mastitis

S. hyicus- Greasy Pig

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7
Q

Strep

A 
Gram + cocci chains 
Facultative anaerobe 
Catalase -
Capsule 
MSCRAMMs
Ferment CHOs 
exotoxins 
Haemolytic
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8
Q

Strep species?

A 
S. agalactiae - contagious mastitis 
S. dysagalactiae- enviro mastitis 
S. uberis- enviro mastitis 
S. equi zooepidemicus- transport pneumonia/ mare endometritis 
S. equi equi- Strangles
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9
Q

Corynebacterium

A 
Gram + rod "clubs" 
Utilise urease 
Exogenous 
Arthropod vectors 
Obligate parasite 
Abcessation 
LUCOTOXIC SURFACE LIPIDS resits phagocytosis.
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10
Q

Corynebacterium species?

A

C. pseudotuberculosis - Cheesy gland/ Pigeon Breast

C. renale - Pizzle rot/ pylonephritis

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11
Q

Mycobacterium

A 
Gram + rod 
Strict aerobe 
Saprophyte 
Obligate parasite 
Intracellular 
Chronic granulomatous lesions 
Live & replicate in macrophages
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12
Q

Mycobacterium species?

A

M. bovis - bovine tuberculosis
M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis - Johne’s disease
M. avium - avian tuberculosis & lymphadenitis in pigs

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13
Q

Nocardia

A 
Gram + rods 
Saprophytes 
not too pathogenic, very opportunistic 
Intracellular 
Cell wall lipids 
Chronic Inflammation 
Local comprimise
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14
Q

Nocardia species?

A

N. asteroides - Nocardiosis, Mastitis & chronic inflammation inc. granular & pus

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15
Q

Dermatophilus

A 
Gram + rod 
Branching, filamentous, motile 
Obligate parasite 
Host compromise 
Strict aerobe 
Keratinases, proteolytic, haemolytic 
Tries to migrate to deeper epidermis 
Motile zoospores NEED moisture 
targets living/ uncornified
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16
Q

Dermatophilus species?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis- Greasy heel, rain scald, Strawberry footrot

17
Q

Truperella

A 
Gram + rod 
Strict anaerobe 
Pyolysin exotoxin lyses RBC 
Dermonecrotising 
Purulent inflammation
18
Q

Trueperella species?

A

T. pyogenes- summer, purulent mastitis & conditions associated with forms of purulent inflammation e.g. footrot

19
Q

Actinobacillus

A 
Gram + Rod 
Urease 
strict anaerobe 
Requires alkaline conditions 
Commensal boars prepuce >10weeks age
Venereal transmission 
Sows in oestrous
20
Q

Actinobacillus species?

A

A.suis - Exogenous transmission through mating. Needs alkaline conditions so only proliferates when Sow is in oestrous- oestrogen levels raise urine pH. UTI

21
Q

Listeria

A 
Gram + rod 
Intracellular 
Psychotrophic 
Facultative anaerobe 
Commensal, saprophyte 
Exogenous/ Endogenous 
Visceral/ Neural
22
Q

Listeria species?

A

L. monocytogenes-
Visceral = oral ingestion, enteritis/ microabscessation/ septicaemia/ other organs
Neural= Buccal injury/ damage peripheral triageminal nerves/ damage CNS ‘Circling Disease’
** Carrier status

23
Q

Erysiopelothrix

A 
Gram + rod 
Neurominidase 
Facultative anaerobe 
Survives in environment, resistant 
Commensal tonsils 
Capsule 
Septicaemia 
Carriers (immune status)
Quarantine
24
Q

Erysiopelothrix species?

A

E. rhusiopathiae - Acute septicaemia= death
Chronic septicaemia –> joints = arthritis heart = vegetative endocarditis skin= haemorrhage diamonds
Lyses cells in gastrointestinal tract for enteritis

25
Q

Bacillus

A

Gram + rod
Facultative anaerobe
Saprophyte
Endospore
exotoxins released
3 x toxic factors
Oedema Factor (EF) – efflux from cells
Protective antigen (PA) – req for other two
EF + PA = Lethal Factor (LF) – macrophages release IL-1 & TNF … inflammatory cascade + 2ndary cascade
Overpowering of the reticuloendothelial system
causes cardio shock & damage to endothelial cells.

26
Q

Bacillus species?

A

B. anthracis- Ingestions/ inhalation/ wound contaminaiton. PA + EF = LF.
Macrophages release IL-1, TNF, cleared by reticoendothelial system but when exceeds splenic capacity causes hypovalemic shock & damage to endothelial cells so bleed from orifices & black lumpy spleen. No rigour mortis.

27
Q

Clostridium

A

Gram + Rod
exotoxins
Endospore
Important to compare & contrast

28
Q

Clostridium T species

A

C. Tetani- Gram + rod, capsule, exotoxin, fac anaerobe, spores in 02, ubiquitous in environ. Wound contamination- haemolytic toxin that cleaves proteins required on the synaptic membrane for inhibitory actions of GABA & glycine neurotransmitters. Rigid paralysis

29
Q

Clostridium B species

A

C. Botulinum- Gram + rod, non-capsule, motile, exotoxin (7) , strict anaerobe, uneven in environment, ingestion. Pathogenesis through intoxication. Spore in low O2 tension, 12-35, organic matter. Toxin cleaved to become active prototoxin. Travels in blood to neuromuscular junction to block action of acetylcholine. Muscles cannot flex. Resp paralysis by flaccid paralysis.

30
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

A 
Oxidase - 
Facultative anaerobes 
Motile 
Produce urease 
Saprophyte & Gut commensal 
MaConkeys AGAR --> coliforms = Escheria/ Enterobacter/Klebsiella ... Non-lactose fermenters = Salmonella/ Yersinia/ Proteus
31
Q

Pathogenesis of Salmonella?

A

ingestion&raquo_space; dose critical&raquo_space; adhesion to mucosal cells by F antigen&raquo_space; entry into enterocytes (don’t lyse)&raquo_space; release into lamina propria (sloughing & inflammation)&raquo_space; malabsorption&raquo_space; Resist phagocytosis & complement (K antigen)&raquo_space; exacerbated by antimicrobials&raquo_space; diarrhoea/ dysentery&raquo_space; septicaemia&raquo_space; carrier status?

32
Q

Types of Escheria Coli?

A 
ETEC - toxigenic 
EHEC - haemorrhagic 
EPEC - pathgenic 
DAEC - Diffusely adhering 
EAEC - Aggregative 
EIEC - Invasive
33
Q

ETEC?

A

Diarrhoea without damaging intestinal cell wall & WITHOUT inflammation.
Watery diarrhoea

34
Q

EPEC?

A

Virulence plasmid causes destruction of microvilli, for malabsorption. No enterotoxins produced. Mild inflammation due to cellular shedding.

35
Q

EHEC?

A

Attach & colonise mucosa by fimbria & intimin

Exotoxins that are enterotoxin & cytotoxic. Haemorraghic diarrhoea. Carriers

36
Q

EIEC?

A

Adhere & invade colonic cells, cell death & chronic ulceration. Inflammation + diarrhoea = dysentary.

37
Q

Pasteurellaceae?

A 
Gram - 
Oxidase + 
Coccobacilli 
Oxidase + 
Facultative anaerobes 
= Actinobacillus/ Haemophilus/ Avibacterium/ Manheimia/ Pasteurella 
commensals

Agents of Disease (1 decks)

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