Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Bacteriology Media > Flashcards

Bacteriology Media Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is a blood agar plate selective for?

A

Nothing, blood agar is nonselective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What does BAP stand for?

A

Blood Agar Plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a blood agar plate used for?

A

Determination of hemolytic reactions. Cultivation of microorganisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is in a BAP?

A

5% sheep red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does BBE stand for?

A

Bacteroides Bile Esculin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is BBE selective for?

A

Bacteroides fragilis group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does BBE differentiate?

A

Bacteroides fragilis group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is in a BBE plate?

A

OC bile (gall), esculin, ferric ammonium citrate, hemin, vitamin K, gentamicin in casein and soybean agar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is esculin?

A

A glycoside hydrolysed into esculatin and glucose by certain bacteria, particularly enterococci and listeria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is ferric ammonium citrate included in an agar plate?

A

Ferric citrates react with esculatin to form a dark black iron salt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is hemin?

A

A substance necessary for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. Chemically, protoporphyrin IX with an iron chloride (FeCl) ion. Related to heme B.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why include vitamin K in agar medium?

A

It is a nutrient required by many anaerobic bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is gentamicin?

A

An aminoglycoside antibiotic that prevents growth of most gram negative bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does BCYE stand for?

A

Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is BCYE selective for?

A

Legionella subspecies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is in BYCE media?

A

Ferric pyrophosphate, L-cysteine, charcoal, ACES buffer, yeast extract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is oxgall used in a medium?

A

Oxgall inhibits the growth of many gram positive bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is ferric pyrophosphate included in a medium?

A

Ferric pyrophosphate provides iron for the growth of bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is L-cysteine included in a medium?

A

L-cysteine is an amino acid necessary for the growth of anaerobes such as legionella subspecies. It helps maintain reduced O2 environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is charcoal included in a medium?

A

To decompose hydrogen peroxide, a toxic metabolic product of certain bacteria, including Legionella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is ACES for?

A

A common biochemical buffer to maintain a neutral pH, generally between 6.1 and 7.5.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why include yeast extract in a medium?

A

To provide nutrients (nitrogen, carbon, vitamins) to growing bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does BCYE/PAC stand for?

A

Buffered Carbon Yeast Extract / Polymixin, Anisomycin, Cefamandole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is BYCE/PAC used for?

A

Selective growth of Legionella subspecies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is polymixin B?

A

An antibiotic that kills most gram negative bacilli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is anisomycin?

A

An antifungal agent that works through inhibiting protein synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is cefamandole?

A

A cephalosporin antibiotic used to suppress the growth of unwanted microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does BG stand for?

A

Bordet-Gengou, an agar named for the microbiologists who were first to isolate bordetella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is BG media used for?

A

To select Bordetella subspecies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is in BG agar?

A

Starch, potato infusion, glycerol, 20-30% sheep blood, methicillin or cephalexin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Why does BG agar contain starch?

A

To absorb fatty acids from mucus or the collection swab so that they do not inhibit growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why is potato infusion used in a medium?

A

To provide nitrogen and vitamins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Why is glycerol included in a medium?

A

It is a carbon source.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why does BG media have sheep blood in it?

A

To provide extra nutrients to Bordetella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is methicillin?

A

A penicillin class beta-lactam antibiotic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is cefalexin?

A

A cephalosporin antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What does BHI stand for?

A

Brain Heart Infusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is BHI medium used for?

A

It is enriched to allow cultivation of yeasts, molds, and some fastidious bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is in BHI media?

A

Calf brains, beef heart, peptones, glucose, NaCl, disodium phosphate, 5-10% sheep blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Why does BHI media contain bovine heart and brains and peptones?

A

As nutrients for fastidious bacteria, molds, or yeasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Why does a media contain glucose?

A

As a carbon source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Why does BHI media contain sodium chloride?

A

Enterococci can grow in the presence of NaCl but streptococci and other bacteria cannot. Also it helps maintain osmolarity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Why does BHI media contain disodium phosphate?

A

To buffer the media around 7.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What does BHI/GC stand for?

A

Brain Heart infusion with gentamicin and chloramphenicol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is chloramphenicol?

A

A broad spectrum antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is BHI/GC used for?

A

Isolating fungi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Why include chloramphenicol in a medium?

A

It inhibits most gram positive and negative bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What does BHI/GCC stand for?

A

Brain Heart Infusion with gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and cycloheximide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is cycloheximide?

A

An antimicrobial that inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Molds and yeasts do no grow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is BHI/GCC used for?

A

Cultivating fungi, usually respiratory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is campy agar used for?

A

Selecting campylobacter subspecies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is in campy agar?

A

Antibiotics. Could be colistin, cephalothin, vancomycin, amphotericin B, and/or trimethoprim.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is colistin?

A

A polymixin antibiotic, also called polymixin E. It is effective against gram negative bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is cephalothin?

A

A cephalosporin class beta lactam antibiotic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is vancomycin?

A

A glycopeptide antibiotic effective against gram positive bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is amphotericin B?

A

A polyene antifungal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is trimethoprim?

A

A bacteriostatic antibiotic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

How does campy agar select for campylobacter?

A

The particular combination of antibiotics will inhibit the growth of other microbes from stool samples.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is CDC/Brucella agar used for?

A

Isolating obligate and facultative anaerobes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is in CDC/Brucella agar?

A

Sheep RBCs, hemin, vitamin K, L-cysteine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is chocolate agar used for?

A

Growing most bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What species require chocolate agar for growth?

A

Haemophilius and some Neisseria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is in chocolate agar?

A

Lysed RBCs, factor X, factor V, vitamin K, isovitalex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Why are lysed RBCs used in chocolate agar?

A

Certain fastidious bacteria require substances that are in blood, but cannot use intact cells. Later turned out to include hemin and NAD. The lysing process denatures an enzyme in sheep blood that inactivated NAD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is factor X?

A

A factor in lysed red blood cells that certain bacteria need. Later called hemin.

65
Q

What is factor V?

A

A substance in lysed red blood cells needed by certain bacteria. Later discovered to be NAD.

66
Q

What is isovitalex?

A

An enrichment product proprietary to Becton-Dickinson.

67
Q

What is ChromAgar?

A

Proprietary agars that turn colors to indicate the activity of certain enzymes or other indicators of specific bacteria.

68
Q

How is ChromAgar Candida used?

A

To isolate and make presumptive identification of Candida subspecies. C. albicans turns the agar green, C. krusei pink, and C. tropicalis blue.

69
Q

What is in ChromAgar Candida?

A

Peptones, glucose, chloramphenicol, chromogenic mix.

70
Q

Why are peptones included in a medium?

A

Nutrients for bacteria.

71
Q

What type of agar contains a chromogenic mix?

A

ChromAgar

72
Q

What dies CIN stand for?

A

Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin

73
Q

What is CIN media used for?

A

To selectively culture Yersinia subspecies and Aeromonas subspecies.

74
Q

What is in CIN media?

A

Digested animal tissue, gelatin, sodium pyruvate, sodium deoxycholate, cefsulodin, Irgasan, Novobiocin, beef extract, yeast extract.

75
Q

Why include digested animal tissue, gelatin, yeast extract, and beef extract in CIN media?

A

Nutrients. Amino acids and nitrogen

76
Q

Why include sodium pyruvate in a media?

A

Both a carbon source and an energy source.

77
Q

Why include sodium deoxycholate in a medium?

A

It is a mild detergent that inhibits growth of gram positive bacteria.

78
Q

What is Irgasan?

A

An antiseptic that inhibits the growth of gram positive bacteria.

79
Q

What is Novobiocin?

A

An aminocoumarin antibiotic particularly effective against staphylococcus.

80
Q

What does CNA stand for?

A

Colistin Nalidixic Acid

81
Q

What is CNA media used for?

A

To select gram positive bacteria from a sample.

82
Q

What is Columbia agar?

A

A general purpose medium for growing fastidious bacteria.

83
Q

What is in CNA media?

A

Columbia agar, Nalidixic acid, colistin, blood

84
Q

Why include Nalidixic acid in a medium?

A

In the right concentration, it inhibits DNA synthesis in gram negative bacteria.

85
Q

What does CT stand for?

A

Cysteine Tellurite Blood Agar

86
Q

What is CT agar used for?

A

To cultivate Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

87
Q

What is in CT media?

A

Heart infusion, potassium Tellurite, l-cysteine and rabbit blood.

88
Q

Why include tellurite in a medium?

A

C. diphtheriae reduces it, producing a black color.

89
Q

Why use rabbit blood in a medium

A

Sheep blood is usually preferred, but it breaks down its own NAD. Rabbit blood does this much less. Certain bacteria want to use the NAD in the media.

90
Q

What does HE stand for?

A

Hektoen enteric

91
Q

What is hektoen enteric agar used for?

A

Screening for salmonella or shigella subspecies in samples that have a mixed population.

92
Q

What is in hektoen enteric agar?

A

Bile salts, ferric ammonium citrate, bromthymol blue, lactose, sucrose, salicin, sodium thiosulfate.

93
Q

Why include bile or bile salts in a medium?

A

To inhibit growth of gram positive bacteria.

94
Q

Why include ferric ammonium citrate in HE media?

A

As a source of iron which forms a black precipitate with hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

95
Q

Why include bromthymol blue in HE media?

A

It turns yellow in acid pH such as that produced by sugar fermentation. It turns blue in alkaline pH such as that produced by shigella or salmonella metabolizing peptones.

96
Q

What is the function of sucrose, lactose, and salicin in Hektoen agar?

A

Enteric bacteria that can use these sugars will acidify the media and it will turn yellow. Yellow means the colony is neither Shigella nor Salmonella.

97
Q

Why is there sodium thiosulfate in a medium?

A

As a source of sulfur for bacteria to turn into hydrogen sulfide.

98
Q

What does IMA stand for?

A

Inhibitory mold agar.

99
Q

What is IMA used for?

A

Isolating pathogenic fungi other that dermatophytes.

100
Q

What is a dermatophyte?

A

A fungus that infects the skin.

101
Q

Why not use IMA to identify dermatophytes?

A

Because dermatophytes are slower to grow and any other fungi will overwhelm them on IMA

102
Q

What is in IMA?

A

Digests of animal tissue and casein, yeast extract, dextrin, starch, glucose, salts, chloramphenicol.

103
Q

Why is there so much dextrin and glucose in IMA?

A

Too much sugar inhibits the growth of bacteria.

104
Q

What is Todd-Hewitt broth used for?

A

Cultivating streptococci and other fastidious bacteria.

105
Q

What is in Todd-Hewitt broth?

A

Heart infusion, peptones, dextrose, NaCl and buffers.

106
Q

What is Lim broth?

A

Todd-Hewitt broth plus yeast extract, colistin and nalidixic acid.

107
Q

What is Lim broth used for?

A

Isolating group B streptococci

108
Q

What does LKV stand for?

A

Laked Kanamycin Vancomycin Blood agar

109
Q

What is LKV used for?

A

Recovery of anaerobic gram negative bacteria, especially bacteroides and prevotella species.

110
Q

What is in LKV media?

A

Casein and soybean agar, kanamycin, vancomycin, vitamin K1, and lysed sheep blood.

111
Q

What is kanamycin?

A

An amino glycoside antibiotic effective against gram negative bacteria and some gram positive.

112
Q

Why is blood laked or lysed in a medium?

A

To make hemoglobin and other nutrient available.

113
Q

What does LOE stand for?

A

Loeffler medium

114
Q

What is Loeffler medium used for?

A

Isolating Cornyebacterium diphtheria.

115
Q

What is in Loeffler medium?

A

Animal tissue digest, heart infusion, beef serum, egg, glucose.

116
Q

What is MacConkey agar used for?

A

Isolating gram negative bacteria and determining positive or negative lactose fermentation.

117
Q

What is in MacConkey agar?

A

Peptones, bile salt, crystal violet, lactose, neutral red.

118
Q

Why is crystal violet included in a medium?

A

To inhibit the growth of gram negative bacteria.

119
Q

What is neutral red?

A

An indicator that turns red in acid and yellow in base.

120
Q

Why is sorbitol sometimes added to MacConkey agar?

A

To detect E. coli 0157:H7 strain. This strain usually cannot feet sorbitol, unlike other strains.

121
Q

What does MTM stand for?

A

Modified Thayer Martin

122
Q

What is MTM used for?

A

Isolating pathogenic Neisseria subspecies.

123
Q

What is in MTM agar?

A

Blood, hemoglobin, supplements, vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, trimethoprim.

124
Q

What is nystatin?

A

An antifungal.

125
Q

What is Mycosel used for?

A

Isolating molds from skin, hair, and nail specimens.

126
Q

What is in Mycosel?

A

Soybean meal, glucose, cyclohexamide, chloramphenicol.

127
Q

What does PEA stand for?

A

Phenyl ethyl alcohol agar

128
Q

What is PEA used for?

A

Selecting gram positive bacteria, inhibiting gram negatives.

129
Q

What is in PEA?

A

Casein and soybean agar, phenyl ethyl alcohol, blood

130
Q

Why is phenyl ethyl alcohol included in a medium?

A

To inhibit gram negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria.

131
Q

What does RL stand for?

A

Reagan Lowe agar

132
Q

What is RL agar used for?

A

Isolation of Bordetella subspecies.

133
Q

What is in RL agar ?

A

Charcoal, horse blood, niacin, cephalexin.

134
Q

Why is niacin included in a medium?

A

A vitamin necessary for growth, particularly of Bordetella.

135
Q

What does SABDEX stand for?

A

Sabourad Dextrose agar.

136
Q

What is SABDEX used for?

A

Isolation of saprophytic and pathogenic fungi.

137
Q

What is in SABDEX?

A

Dextrose and pH adjusters

138
Q

What is SXT agar used for?

A

Selecting group A strep.

139
Q

What is in SXT agar?

A

Sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim.

140
Q

Why include Sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim in a medium?

A

A sulfonamide antibiotic to inhibit streptococci other than group a, and other bacteria.

141
Q

What does TCBS stand for?

A

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Sucrose

142
Q

What is TCBS used for?

A

It is selective and differential for Vibrio subspecies.

143
Q

What is in TCBS?

A

Bile salts, ferric ammonium citrate, sodium citrate, bromthymol blue, casein, yeast extract, sucrose.

144
Q

What role does thiosulfate play in TCBS agar?

A

First, it makes a reduced atmosphere that Vibrio subspecies thrive in. Second, it is a source of sulphur to identify H2S producing bacteria. These are not Vibrio.

145
Q

What does sodium cholate do in an agar?

A

Provide an alkaline environment. Certain species like Vibrio prefer it.

146
Q

What is thioglycolate broth used for?

A

To recover aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in samples with very low counts. It can also help determine the aerotolerance of bacteria, depending on where in a tube the colonies grow.

147
Q

What is in thioglycolate broth?

A

Casein, glucose, yeast extract, cysteine, hemin, vitamin k, sodium thioglycolate.

148
Q

What is sodium thioglycolate.?

A

A reducing agent that lowers the oxygen content of a medium.

149
Q

What is Tinsdale agar used for?

A

Isolating Cornyebacterium diphtheria

150
Q

What is in Tinsdale agar?

A

Peptones, salt, yeast extract, L-cysteine, potassium tellurite, serum

151
Q

What does TSA stand for?

A

Trypticase Soy Agar

152
Q

What is TSA used for?

A

A general purpose growth medium.

153
Q

What is V agar used for?

A

It is selective for G. vaginalis.

154
Q

What is in V agar?

A

Human blood.

155
Q

How does V agar identify G. vaginalis?

A

G. vaginalis is hemolytic on human blood, but not on sheep blood.

156
Q

What does XLD stand for?

A

Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate.

157
Q

What is XLD medium used for?

A

Selection and differentiation of salmonella and shigella subspecies.

158
Q

What is in XLD medium?

A

Sodium deoxycholate, sodium thiosulfate, ferric ammonium citrate, phenol red

159
Q

What is phenol red?

A

An indicator that is yellow in acid and pink in base environments.

Microbiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions