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RUSVM Bacteriology Lab > Bacteriology Lab Final > Flashcards

Bacteriology Lab Final Flashcards

1
Q

Name the dye present in MacConkey Agar that is responsible for staining microbes that ferment lactose

A

neutral red

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2
Q

The catalase test detects the enzyme catalase, which is responsible for converting ____________ to _____________

A

The catalase test detects the enzyme catalase, which is responsible for converting hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen

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3
Q

Is Staphylococcus aureus catalase positive or catalase negative

A

Staphylococcus aureus is catalase positive

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4
Q

Is Streptococcus equi catalase positive or catalase negative?

A

Streptococcus equi is catalase negative

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5
Q

The oxidase test depends on the presence of _____________ in a bacterial cell

A

Cytochrome C Oxidase

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6
Q

Are most Staphylococcus spp. oxidase positive or oxidase negative?

A

Most Staphylococcus spp. are oxidase negative

(the negative test is the cue-tip marked ‘B’)

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7
Q

In the motility test, tetrazolium salts are added to help detect motility. When the bacterium grows, the dye from the salts is incorporated into the bacterial cells, where it is reduced to an insoluble red pigment.

What is the name of that red pigment?

A

formazan

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8
Q

What is the pH indicator utilized in the urease test?

A

phenol red

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9
Q

What does the Methyl Red (MR) test test for?

A

Low MW acids like lactic, formic, & acetic acids

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10
Q

The citrate test tests for ________________________

What is the indicator used?

A

ability to use citrate as sole carbon source

Indicator used: Bromothymol blue

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11
Q

Does Proteus mirabilis produce a positive or negative motility test?

A

positive

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12
Q

What color will a positive urease test produce?

A

bright pink

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13
Q

Which amino acid is involved in the indole test?

A

Tryptophan

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14
Q

Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa oxidase positive or oxidase negative?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is oxidase positive

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15
Q

Rappaport-Vassiliades Broth is used mainly for which bacterial species?

A

*Salmonella *spp.

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16
Q

Identify these Gram{+] cocci in clusters

A

Staphylococcus spp

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17
Q

Identify these Gram[+] cocci in chains

A

Streptococcus spp.

(just remember, “strepto” means chain in Greek)

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18
Q

Identify these Gram[+], gamma-hemolytic cocci in pairs or short chains

A

Enterococcus spp.

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19
Q

Identify these large aerobic or facultative anaerobic Gram[+] rods that form endospores

A

Bacillus spp.

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20
Q

True or False:

Candida spp. can all produce pseudohyphae

A

True

If you see pseudohyphae, it’s more than likely Candida spp.

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21
Q

Identify these Gram[+] short rods:

A

Arcanobacterium spp.

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22
Q

T/F: MacConkey agar is designed to grow Gram-positive bacteria and differentiate lactose fermenters from non-fermenters

A

False.

MacConkey agar is designed to grow Gram-negative bacteria and differentiate lactose fermenters from non-fermenters

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23
Q

______________ is a differential, selective medium for the isolation of Shigella and Salmonella species from enteric pathological specimens. It contains lactose, sucrose and salicin.

A

Hektoen enteric agar

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24
Q

Between Microsporum spp. and Trichophyton spp., which one is known to have numerous microconidia?

A

Trichophyton spp.

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25
Q

Found in concentrated pigeon droppings due to their hig content of creatinine.

Identify.

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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26
Q

Which one of these is Aspergillus spp?

A

That one.

27
Q

Blood Agar is a general purpose enriched medium that is used to differentiate bacteria based on which properties?

A

hemolytic properties

28
Q

Lactose-positive organisms display what color on MacConkey agar?

A

red/pink

lactose fermenters produce acid and lower the pH of the medium, producing red/pink colonies

29
Q

Hektoen enteric agar contains indicators of lactose fermentation and H2S production. What are those indicators?

A

thiosulfate and ferric ammonium citrate

30
Q

What are the components of Hektoen enteric agar that inhibit growth of Gram-positive organisms?

A

bile salts and bromothymol blue

31
Q

What is the primary stain used in Gram-staining?

A

crystal violet

32
Q

List the four basic steps in the Gram stain

A
  1. Primary staining (crystal violet)
  2. Add a mordant (Gram’s iodine)
  3. Decolorization (alcohol or acetone)
  4. Counterstaining (safranin or fuschin)
33
Q

Gram-positive or Gram-negative?

A

Gram-positive

34
Q

Gram-positive or Gram-negative?

A

Gram-negative

35
Q

The image shows Staphylococcus aureus colonies surrounded by a zone of complete hemoylsis. Which toxin causes this type of hemoylsis?

A

alpha-toxin

36
Q

Which one represents a positive catalase test?

A
37
Q

What is the indicator used in the Indole test?

A

Kovac’s Reagent

38
Q

IMViC is a group of individual tests used in differentiating which family?

A

Enterbacteriaceae

39
Q

Identify.

A

Staphylococcus spp.

40
Q

Identify.

A

Streptococcus spp.

41
Q

Identify.

A

Enterococcus spp.

42
Q

Name the three antimicrobial susceptibility tests we discussed in lab:

A
  1. Kirby Bauer
  2. E-Test
  3. Broth Microdilution
43
Q

Regarding the Kirby Bauer test, does a larger diameter indicate greater antibiotic resistance or less antibiotic resistance?

A

Larger diameter = less antibiotic resistance/greater susceptibility

If the zone of inhibition is greater, that indicates that the bacteria is susceptible to the antibiotic, not resistant to it

44
Q

Which type of agar plate is used in the **Kirby Bauer **test?

A

Mueller Hinton agar

45
Q

The lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial growth/multiplication is known as:

A

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

46
Q

The lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent that allows less than 0.1% of the original inoculum to survive is known as:

A

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) or Minimal Lethal Concentration (MLC)

47
Q

T/F: The E-Test is a quantitative assay for determining MLC

A

False.

The E-Test is a quantitative assay for determining MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration), NOT MLC (Minimal Lethal Concentration)

48
Q

T/F regarding MIC:

The lower the MIC, the more susceptible the bacteria is to the antibacterial agent

A

True

49
Q

What does ELISA stand for?

A

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

50
Q

Regarding Sandwich ELISA, are we testing a sample containing antigens or antibodies?

A

Antigen

For a Sandwich ELISA, the test kit comes coated with antibody. What we’re putting on as the analyte is the antigen

51
Q

__________ are dyes that have the ability to absorb the short wavelength UV radiation and emit light of longer wavelength fluorescence

A

Fluorochromes are dyes that have the ability to absorb the short wavelength UV radiation and emit light of longer wavelength fluorescence

52
Q

Which of the following does not involve specific antigen-antibody complexes?

  • PCR
  • IFA
  • ELISA
  • Agglutination
A

PCR

53
Q

What is the 3rd reagent in the Gram stain?

A

alcohol or acetone

The 3rd stage is the decolorization stage

54
Q

Does Klebsiella pneumoniae have a positive or negative Motility test?

A

negative

55
Q

What bacteria is metallic green on Eosin-Methylene Blue agar?

A

E. coli

56
Q

T/F: the Kirby-Bauer test is a quantitative assay for determining MIC

A

FALSE

The E-test is a quantitative assay for determining MIC. The Kirby-Bauer test measures zone of inhibition, but is not a quantitative determinant for MIC

57
Q

What would be the test of choice to differentiate between Pseudomonas and Enterobacteria?

A

Oxidase test

Pseudomonas is oxidase-positive

58
Q

T/F: PCR tests for Antibody interactions

A

False.

PCR tests DNA/RNA sequences

59
Q

Which PCR detects product formation throughout the PCR reaction?

A

Real-time PCR

60
Q

Which PCR only measures product after the PCR reaction is complete?

A

End-point PCR

61
Q

Which PCR utilizes agarose gel electrophoresis?

A

End-point PCR

62
Q

XLD agar is selective and differential for:

A

Gram-negative enteric bacteria, specifically Shigella and Salmonella

  • Salmonella* will produce red colonies with black centers
  • Shigella* will just produce red colonies
63
Q

You see these colonies on XLD agar. What is your diagnosis?

A
  • Salmonella*
  • Salmonella* will first ferment the xylose creating a temporary acid reaction but this is reversed by the subsequent decarboxylation of lysine with alkaline metabolic products. Superimposed on the red (alkaline) colonies is the production of hydrogen sulfide, so most Salmonella have red colonies with a black center.

RUSVM Bacteriology Lab (1 decks)

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