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M(ASCP) Prep > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

Gram-negative coccobacillus

non-motile

A

Acinetobacter spp.

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2
Q

Describe growth of Actinomadura madurae on quad plate containing casein, xanthine, tyrosine, and starch.

A

Growth on casein and starch, maybe tyrosine

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3
Q

Swelling of the neck beneath the left jaw with enlargement of cervical lymph nodes

GS of purulent material revealed non-acid fast branching GPR

A

Actinomyces israelii

Classic “Lumpy jaw” case

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4
Q

Beaded, branching anaerobic GPR, non-acid fast

Slow growing

Associated with head and neck abscesses

A

Actinomyces spp

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5
Q

In a urine culture, a small/pinpoint alpha-hemolytic, weakly pyrase pos GPCL

Sometimes see tetrads

A

Aerococcus urinae

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6
Q

Gastroenteritis

Oxidase positive GNR

Hydolyzes esculin

A

Aeromonas spp.

(or plesiomonas)

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7
Q

Anaerobic GNC

A

Acidaminococcus

Megasphaera

Veillonella

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8
Q

Anaerobic GPC

A

Peptostreptococcus

Finegoldia

Peptococcus (former peptostrep)

Peptoniphilus

Parvimonas

Anaerococcus

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9
Q

Pharyngitis in 10-30 year old with a rash

Slow growing, small, indistinct zone of β-hemolysis

GPR that may show rudimentary branching

Catalase-negative, urease negative

Shows CAMP-inhibition

A

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

Penicillin-resistant (why you need to distinguish from Strep)

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10
Q

Non-hemolytic medusa head colony of the consistency of beaten egg whites

boxcar GPR

non-motile

A

FUCKING ANTHRAX. BAG THAT SHIT

Demonstrating either hemolysis or motility will rule it out

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11
Q

What are the forms of anthrax possible

A

Cutaneous, Inhalational (die), Gastrointestinal, Injection

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12
Q

Patient presents with acute food poisoning

Beta-hemolytic GPR in chains, some spores, catalase pos

A

Bacillus cereus

Can also cause serious eye infections after traumatic inoculation

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13
Q

Small anaerobic GNR resistant to vancomycin, colistin, kanamycin and bile

A

Bacterioides fragilis group

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14
Q

Only bacillus spp that cannot hydrolize lecithinase

A

B. subtilis

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15
Q

Grows on KV agar but no fluorescence

Produces black colonies on BBE

Resistant to penicillin

A

B. fragilis

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16
Q

GS with dog bone appearance

A

Bifidobacterium

Normal mouth and GI bug. Rarely causes disease.

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17
Q

Light pink colonies on chocolate

Motile, oxidase pos, non-fermenter

Oxidative utilization of maltose only

Rapid urease production and nitrate reduction

A

Bordatella bronchiseptica

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18
Q

GNCB produces small grey colonies surrounded by a zone of hemolysis on potato-blood-glycerol agar. Will grow on CA, not on BA.

A

Bordatella pertussis

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19
Q

Causative agent of Lyme Disease

  • Radiating rash (Erythema migrans)
  • Flu-like symptoms
  • Arthritis symptoms following bite

Diagnosed by rash and history of tick bite or serology

  • ELISA followed by Western to confirm
A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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20
Q

Diurnal fever in midwest patient + fatigue

Pos blood @ 9 days on choc

A

Brucella abortis

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21
Q

Brucella spp. GS

A

Small GNCB that appear gram positive due to retention of CV

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22
Q

Respiratory disease in CF patients

GNR, NLF grown on media with polymixin B and ticarcillin

drastically alters patient care and affects ability to receive lung transplant

A

Burkholderia cepacia

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23
Q

Cause of glanders- aggressive pulmonary disease is most common presentation, inhalation or ingestion. Overwhelming septicemia, draining abscesses.

A

Burkholderia mallei

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24
Q

Cause of meliodosis

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

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25
Q

The presence of clue cells with gram variable coccobacilli is diagnostic of…

A

Bacterial vaginosis

Overgrowth of vaginal flora, including Mobiluncus, Prevotella, genital mycoplasmas, and Gardnerella vaginalis

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26
Q

C-rective protein is elevated in what circumstances?

A

Pediatric bacterial infections

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27
Q

Test to distinguish C. jejuni from C. coli

A

Hippurate hydrolysis

(C. jejuni is positive)

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28
Q

Gram stain: curved, S-shaped, or “gull-wing” gram negative rods

Media + Colony Morph

  • Selective media, elevated incubation temperature (42oC), and proper atmospheric conditions required for isolation
  • Colonies are flat, gray, irregular, and may be either dry or moist with glistening edges

Metabolism

  • Microaerophilic (require decreased O2)
  • Capnophilic (require increased CO2)
  • Nonfermentative and nonoxidative in metabolism
  • Oxidase positive
A

Campylobacter spp

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29
Q

Colony recovered after growth at 42oC was indoxyl acetate pos, as evidenced by a green spot on the indoxyl acetate disk.

A

Campylobacter upsaliensis

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30
Q

Capnophilic

Colony morphology –> gliding motility

Gram stain –> thin and fusiform (pointed ends)

Normal inhabitants of oral cavities of mammals

A

Capnocytophaga

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31
Q

GS of pictured colonies produce “rosette-like clusters”

A

Cardiobacterium hominis

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32
Q

50% males symptomatic -> thin discharge, dysuria, epididymitis

25 - 45% infected females have urethritis

  • Mucopurulent discharge containing PMNs
  • Cervix: friable, red, edematous
  • Ectopy increases risk of endocervicitis
A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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33
Q

Non-fermenter that can produce indole

A

Chryseobacterium

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34
Q

Aerotolerant Clostridium include…

A

C. tertium, C. histolyticum

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35
Q

Flaccid paralysis after consuming improperly canned food

Anaerobic GPR

A

Clostridium botulinum

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36
Q

Severe watery diarrhea

Anaerobic GPR

Smells like elephant dung

A

C difficile

Just PCR it, for god’s sake

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37
Q

Lecithinase-producing Clostridia

A

C. perfringens, C. baratii, C. sordelli, C. novyi

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38
Q

Lipase producing Clostridium species

A

C. botulinum, C. sporogenes, C. novyi A

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39
Q

Anaerobic GPR, no spores seen in culture

Double zone of B-hemolysis on BA

Lecithinase pos

A

Clostridium perfringens

Can have sub-terminal spores

Causes gas gangrene or food poisoning

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40
Q

The enxyme producing the outer zone of the double-zone hemolysis of C perfingens is…

A

Lecethinase

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41
Q

Describe GS appearance and fermentation patterns of Clostridium septicum.

A

Produces “drum stick” shaped spores

Ferments maltose and lactose, but rarely sucrose

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42
Q

Respiratory sample from patient with pseudomembrane

Black colonies on Cyteine-Tellurite

Palisading GPR, Catalase pos, non-motile

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Confirm toxin production with Guinea pig lethality or Elek test

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43
Q

Small dry colonies

Pallisading club shaped GPR
Catalase pos, non-motile

A

Corynebacterium spp.

“Diptheroid”

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44
Q

UTI patient

Tiny colonies, pallisading GPR

Catalase pos, urease pos

A

Corynebacterium urealyticum

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45
Q

If CSF samples CANNOT be plated within an hour, where should they be stored

A

Room temp

Freezing or refrigerating will kill meningococcus

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46
Q

Urine culture LF that is Beta-hemolytic

What do we think and what’s left to prove it?

A

Show indole positive and call it E. coli. Done

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47
Q

Urine culture LF that is not beta-hemolytic

A

Indole positive and pyrase negative(it’ll actually be blue) -> E coli (NFW)

Indole pos but pyrase pos -> probably Kleb oxytoca (confirm with MS)

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48
Q

Most common causes of bacterial ear infections

A

Strep pneumoniae = 40-50%

Non-encapsulated H. influenzae = 25-30%

Moraxella catarrhalis = 10-15%

S. pyogenes = 2%

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49
Q

H2S producing Enterobacteriacea

A

S.P.A.C.E.

Salmonella

Proteus

Arizonieae (or something)

Citrobacter

Edwardsiella

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50
Q

Strong lactose fermenting Enterobacteriacea

A

Citrobacter, E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella (CEEK)

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51
Q

Enteric organisms that possess the enzyme urease (can hydrolyze urea, releasing ammonia)

A

Klebsiella and Proteus

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52
Q

Species of Enterococcus with stronger alpha hemolysis at 24 hours and is MUCH more likely to be VRE

A

E. faecium

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53
Q

Species of enterococcus with vanC, low level vancR

A

Enterococcus galinarum

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54
Q

Motile enterococcus spp.

A

Galinarum and casseliflavus

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55
Q

Med grey colony with slight alpha underneath the colony

Catalase neg, PYR pos

Growth in 6.5% NaCl and bile-esculin pos

A

Enterococcus spp.

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56
Q

Pyrase reaction of VRE is often stronger or weaker than vancS Enterococcus

A

Weaker

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57
Q

Appearance of VRE on surveillance culture plates

A

Dark pink-purple or blue

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58
Q

Motility deep looks like a pipe cleaner or test tube brush

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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59
Q

wound infection

Thin GPR on GS, may branch or form long filaments

non-hemolytic to slightly alpha-hemolytic

H2S positive in TSI

Catalase negative

Non-motile

Facultative anaerobe

A

Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

Generally vancomycin-resistant

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60
Q

LF on Mac, A/A + gas, indole pos, motiliy pos, pyrase neg

A

Escherichia coli

10% can be NLF

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61
Q

large anaerobic GPC

A

Finegoldia magnus

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62
Q

Extraction of the inoculated and incubated tryptophan broth with xylene, THEN using Ehrlich’s reagent is necessary for detection of indole from…

A

Flavobacterium indologenes

Production of low amts of indole require extraction first

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63
Q

cutaneous or inhalational routes. RABBITS.

BSL 3 required. CDC Category A Select Biological Agent

A

Francisella tularensis

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64
Q

Francisella tularensis gs

A

Very tiny, pale-staining GNCB, often difficult to see individual cells

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65
Q

Long anaerobic GNR

Resistant to vancomycin and colistin

Sensitive to Kanamycin

Variable bile resistance

Chartreuse Fluorescence under UV

A

Fusobacterium

Bile sensitivity can help distinguish species

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66
Q

Causative agent of Lemierre’s syndrome in young adults

Presents as pharyngitis –> abscess –> sepsis –> death

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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67
Q

Fried egg colony of thin GNR

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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68
Q

Species of GNR that has the classic pointy ends

A

Fusobacterium nucleatum

MS will not distinguish F naviform and F nucleatum but only nucleatum is pointy

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69
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

GS: gram variable coccobacilli on “Clue Cells”

Catalase neg, non-motile

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

Beta hemolytic on human or rabbit blood. But NOT on sheep blood agar

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70
Q

Associated infection of Cardiobacterium hominis

A

Culture negative endocarditis

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71
Q

Associated infection of Eikenella corrodens

A

Clenched fist infection

Skin popping cellulitis

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72
Q

HACEK Group

A

Haemophilus spp.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetomcomitans, formerly Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Cardiobacterium hominis (more rare)

Eikenella corrodens (normal mouth with agar pits –> big in human bites)

Kingella spp

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73
Q

HACEK Group Characteristics

A

Capnophilic – prefer increased CO2

Slow or poor growers (day two appearance)

Predilection for damaged heart valves

Normal biota of the oral cavity

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74
Q

Associated infection of Kingella kingae

A

Juvenile osteomyelitis

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75
Q

Associated infection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

A

Localized juvenile periodontitis

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76
Q

tan flat colonies that grow only on CHOC

A

Haemophilus

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77
Q

Causative agent of Brazilian purpuric fever, an acute febrile disease accompanied by abdominal pain and vomiting and the evolution of a petechial or purpuric rash

A

Haemophilus aegyptius

*also causes pink eye

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78
Q

Haemophilus spp. that causes genital ulcers

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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79
Q

Growth on CA only

Pleomorphic – very small gram-negative coccobacilli to long filamentous rods

Non-motile

Facultative anaerobe

Ferment carbohydrates, generally oxidase positive, catalase positive, and reduce nitrates

A

Haemophilus spp.

Test for beta-lactamase activity to assess ampicillin and amoxicillin efficacy.

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80
Q

Differentiate H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae

A

XV requirements.

If there is only growth around XV disc or between X and V strips, H. influenzae

If there is growth around V, H. parainfluenzae

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81
Q

Gram stain: small, curved, plump bacilli

Microaerophilic (10% CO2, 5% O2, 85% N2)

Temp: 35-37oC

High humidity also favors growth

Most isolates grow within 3 to 5 days

Non-selective blood agar as translucent, gray colonies

Identification: Catalase, urease, and oxidase positive

A

Helicobacter pylori

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82
Q

LF on Mac, A/A, indole pos, non-motile, pyrase pos

A

Klebsiella oxytoca

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83
Q

MS cannot distinguish Klebsiella oxytoca and…

A

Routella

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84
Q

LF on Mac, A/A, indole neg, non-motile, pyrase pos

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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85
Q

teeny tiny alpha colonies seen often in female genital or urine cultures chaining GPR, catalase negative and pyrase positive

A

Lactobacillus spp

86
Q

Lactobacillus is intrinsically resistant to…

A

Vancomycin

87
Q

Often seen in female urine culture or vaginal swab

Long thin GPR with parallel sides

Tiny, alpha hemolytic on BA and choc

Generally vancomycin resistant

A

Lactobacillus spp.

88
Q

Legionella R/O Procedure

A

Cultures on BCYE w/ PAV or PAC (different selective agents to favor different Legionella species)

Gram stain everything on third, fifth, and seventh day

  • If GS is GNR, sub to BCYE and BA. Growth on BCYE only would indicate Legionella
  • If GS is non-GNR, NFW
89
Q

A human spirochetal disease associated with contact with rats is…

A

Leptospirosis

90
Q

small GPR, soft beta, catalase positive, tumbling motility

A

Listeria

91
Q

GPR that produces a rectangular CAMP reaction, as shown by the blue arrow is most likely…

A

Listeria monocytogenes

92
Q

Abortion or Food-borne gastroenteritis

Short GPR or cocco-bacillus

WILL grow in fridge

Narrow zone of beta hemolysis

CAMP positive (block)

Catalase positive (most strains)

Tumbling motility

Bile-esculin positive

A

Listeria monocytogenes

93
Q

Common cause of meningitis in 5-40 yrs

A

N. meningitidis (45%)

S. pneumoniae (20%)

94
Q

Key indicator that meningitis is causes by virus and not bacteria

A

Normal glucose

95
Q

Common causes of meningitis 6mo - 5 years

A

Neisseria meningitidis

S. pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae type b (less w/ vaccine)

96
Q

Common causes of meningitis >40 years

A

S. pneumoniae (50%)

S. aureus (13%)

N. meningitidis

plus Gram-negatives & L. monocytogenes in the elderly

97
Q

Common causes of neonatal meningitis

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) – 50%

E. coli – 25%

other Gram-negatives

Listeria monocytogenes

98
Q

Normal flora

yellow colonies, catalase+, Coag-, bacitracin sensitive

A

Micrococcus

All staph are resistant to bacitracin

Can also do microdase to distinguish from Staph

99
Q

Otitis media and sinusitis in children

GNDC, ox pos

Asacchyrolytic

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

100
Q

What organism is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the elderly?

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

101
Q

Purulent conjunctivitis

Colonies produce pits in the agar

GS- G neg coccobacilli

A

Moraxella lacunata

102
Q

Upon exposure to penicillin, this G-neg genera will undergo pleomorphic elongation

A

Moraxella

(Differentiates from Neisseria)

103
Q

Non-pigmented Mycobacteria

A

Mycobacterium avium

Mycobacterium intracellulare

Mycobacterium ulcerans

slow-growing and never produce pigment, regardless of culture conditions

104
Q

Photochromogenic Mycobacteria

A

Mycobacterium kansasii

Mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium asiaticum

Mycobacterium simiae

slow growing, and produce a yellow-orange pigment when exposed to light

105
Q

Rapidly growing mycobacteria

A

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Mycobacterium chelonae

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium abscessus

Mycobacterium mucogenicum

Mycobacterium peregrinum

106
Q

Scotochromogenic mycobacteria

A

Mycobacterium gordonae

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Mycobacterium flavescens

slow-growing and produce a yellow-orange pigment regardless of whether they are grown in the dark or the light

107
Q

A rare Mycobacterium spp. that also accumulates niacin is…

A

M. simiae

108
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease in cattle sheep and goats with an etiologic agent isolated in patients with Crohn’s disease

A

Johne’s Disease

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAC)

109
Q

Invasion of the colon with AFB. Tissue sections show engorged submucous macrophages.

What is the most likely Mycobacterium species?

A

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex

110
Q

Members of slow growing non-photochromogens that reduce tellurite

A

Mycobacterium avium

(All rapid growers reduce tellurite)

111
Q

Disease associated with Mycobacterium bovis

A

Urinary bladder carcinoma

112
Q

Non-chromogenic mycobacteria that grew in 3 days

Characteristic resistance to Ciprofloxacin

A

Mycobacterium chelonae

113
Q

Mycobacterium culture requirements

A

Primary nutrient required is LIPID (for cell wall)

Often an ingredient to repress non-acid fast bugs (ig malachite green in LJ media)

Temperature: 35 - 37°C is typical, but some species prefer 30°C or 42°C

Atmosphere: 5 - 10 % CO2

Time: 6 - 8 weeks

Read cultures twice a week first 2 weeks, then once a week

114
Q

Acid fast bacillus with smooth, waxy, light grey colonies within 3-5 days of incubation (rapid grower)

Nitrate positive

A

Mycobacterium fortuitum

115
Q

Maconkey agar without crystal violet is a culture medium useful in the presumptive identification of…

A

Mycobacterium fortuitum/chelonai complex

116
Q

Mycobacterium that assimilates iron

A

Mycobacterium fortuitum

117
Q

Non-cultivatable mycobacterium spp. + what disease does it cause

A

Mycobacterium leprae

Leprosy (aka Hansen’s disease)

118
Q

Disease associated with mycobacterium marinum

A

Swimming pool granuloma

119
Q

Slender rods, may be straight or slightly curved, short or long

Acid fast

Nonmotile, Non-spore forming

Aerobic, stimulated by CO2

Slow growing

A

Mycobacterium spp.

120
Q

Members of the TB complex beyone M. tuberculosis

A

M. bovis, M. microti, M. canetti, M. caprae, M. pinnipedii, and M. africanum

121
Q

A key laboratory characteristic by which M bovis can be separated from M tuberculosis is…

A

Growth inhibition by T2H

122
Q

Buff-colored, slow growing mycobacteria that reduces nitrates and produces niacin

A

TB

123
Q

Disease associated with mycobacterium ulcerans

A

Regional ileitis (Chron’s Disease)

124
Q

Disease associated with Mycobacterium ulcerans

A

Bairnsdale ulcer (cutaneous lesions)

125
Q

Agar for isolation of mycoplasma

A

PPLO

126
Q

GNDC within PMNs is considered diagnostic for gonnorhea in what case?

A

Male patient

Females can have normal microbiota that can be mistaken

127
Q

Culture: Will grow on chocolate, but selective media such as Thayer-Martin commonly used

Incubation: Enriched CO2 can be achieved by use of a candle extinction jar

Colonies: Small, tan, translucent, and raised

Oxidase positive, gram negative diplococci

Utilize glucose only in CTA slants

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

128
Q

Young adult presents with signs of meningitis

GNDC in CSF, oxidase pos

CTA slants pos for glucose and maltose

A

Neisseria meningitidis

129
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichson syndrome is most often the result of…

A

Fatal, disseminated form of meningococcemia

Microthrombi –> hemorrhage into the adrenal glands

130
Q

Most common serogroups of N meningitidis to cause meningitis

A

A, B, C, & W135

Vaccine available for B

Serogroup A causes epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa

131
Q

Describe growth of Nocardia asteroides on quad plate containing casein, xanthine, tyrosine, and starch.

A

All negative

132
Q

Describe growth of Nocardia brasiliensis on quad plate containing casein, xanthine, tyrosine, and starch.

A

Growth on casein only

133
Q

Describe growth of Nocardia otitidiscaviarum on quad plate containing casein, xanthine, tyrosine, and starch.

A

Growth on xanthine only

134
Q

Describe growth patterns for

  • Nocardia otitidiscaviarum
  • Nocardia asteroides
  • Nocardia brasiliensis

on quad-plates containing casein, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and tyrosine

A
135
Q

Pulmonary infection or brain abscess

beaded, branching, thin, filamentous

Colony morphology often chalky, dry or velvety colonies after 3 days to 2 weeks (usually visible in 3-5 days)

Sometimes pigmented tan, gray, pinkish, or orange

Characteristic freshly-turned soil odor

A

Nocardia spp

136
Q

Describe growth of Nocardia transvalensis on quad plate containing casein, xanthine, tyrosine, and starch.

A

Growth on starch only

137
Q

Clues that an organism is a non-fermenter

A

Pigment

Oxidase pos

Thinner and longer GNR

Failure to grow on MAC

Antimicrobial resistance

Reduces nitrate

138
Q

Oxidase neg non-fermenting GNR

A

Pseudomonas (Chryseomonas) luteola

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Acinetobacter spp.,

some Bordetella spp.,

Pseudomonas (Flavimonas) oryzihabitans

139
Q

Genera of nutritionally variant strep

A

Abiotrophia or Granulicatella ID by MS then sub to choc slant and send out for sensis

140
Q

Nutritionally variant strep require…

A

vitamin B6 supplementation (Pyridoxyl)

Will satellite round organisms that release B6 (Staph, E coli, Kleb, Enterobacter, Strep pneumo, yeast)

141
Q

Yellow pigmented nocardioform recovered from blood cultures

Non-acid fast, motile

Filamentous mycelium broke up into fragments as the culture matured

A

Oerskovia turbata

142
Q

Small light yellow colonies

GS- short GPR in loose clusters

Positive lecithinase, catalase and oxidase pos

A

Oerskovia xanthenolytica

143
Q

often occur as a result of feline bites.

  • ox+ GNR
  • no growth on MAC
  • indole +
A

Pasturella multocida

144
Q

Procedure for PBP2a test

A
  1. 2 drops blue reagent
  2. Add colonies with BLUE DISPOSABLE LOOP
  3. 2 drops clear reagent (solution should turn clear)
  4. Drop in chromatography strip and wait 5 minutes -write time on stand

DO CONTROL DOCUMENTATION DAILY

145
Q

Plesiomonas biochemical results for…

  • oxidase
  • ornithine
  • DNase
A

Oxidase pos

Ornithine pos

DNase neg

Ornithine and DNase differentiate from Aeromonas

146
Q

Child with gastroenteritis

GNR, oxidase pos, DNAse neg, ornithine pos, esculin neg

A

Plesiomonas shigelloides

147
Q

Anaerobic GNR

Resistant to colistin and kanamycin

Sensitive to vancomycin and bile

A

Porphyromonas

148
Q

Anaerobic GNR

Resistant to vancomycin and kanamycin

Sensitive to bile

+/- Black Pigment (delayed)

Brick Red Fluorescence

Oral origin

A

Prevotella

149
Q

The saccharolytic anaerobe that produces red fluorescing colonies when illuminated with a woods lamp is…

A

Prevotella bivia

150
Q

Propionibacterium appearance in anaerobic cultures

A

Will appear after ~4 days and be MUCH smaller than Staph Smooth creamy med colony. May or may not be beta-hemolytic May appear as a slightly larger colony in a sea of pinpoints

151
Q

Squashed spider irregular GPR

Blood culture pos within five days

Normal skin flora can be introduced via surgery to cause bone problems

A

Propionibacterium/Cutibacterium acnes

152
Q

A positive lysine deamination reaction is a reddish/purple and acid butt- which Enterobacteriaceae has this reaction?

A

Proteus

153
Q

Indole negative proteus (Smells like brownie mix)

Also AmpS

A

P. mirabilis

154
Q

Indole positive proteus

Also AmpR

A

P. vulgaris

155
Q

Name the color of each pigment produced by some species of Pseudomonas

  • pyoverdin (fluorescein)
  • Pyocyanin
  • Pyorubrin
  • Pyomelanin
A

pyoverdin (fluorescein) – yellow-green

Pyocyanin – blue

Pyorubrin – red

Pyomelanin – brown/black

156
Q

Pseudomonas protocol for sensitivities

A

ALWAYS get a sensi

157
Q

Pseudo F agar after inoculation. The righthand tube is…

A

Pseudomonas putida, aeruginosa, or fluorescens

158
Q

Asaccharolytic Pseudomonas species

A

P. acidovorans

P. alcaligenes

(Appear blue in OF tube)

159
Q

R/O Beta-Strep Procedure

A
  1. Isolate any B-hemolytic colony, sub if needed
  2. If butterscotch smell, tiny beta, ignore after isolation
  3. PathoDx to confirm or R/O Grp A, C, G
160
Q

Bite wound or immunocompromised

No hyphae, smooth, glistening salmon-pink to red-orange colonies

Traces of branching in early stages of growth

A

Rhodococcus equi

161
Q

Bacterial isolate from dental abscess of 14 yo boy

Dry pink-white colonies after 72 hours growth

GS- GPR in diptheroidal arrangement. No spores

A

Rothia dentocariosa

162
Q

Very sticky small white colonies in respiratory site

A

Rothia mucilaginosa

163
Q

Which antibody class indicates a primary exposure and which reflects prior exposure to the disease >6 months.

A

IgM is formed within 20 days of infection. Also cannot cross the placenta so is an indication of an in utero infection in a newborn.

IgG predominates in a secondary response to a pathogen to which the host has been previously exposed.

164
Q

What lactose reaction is seen with Serratia marcescens?

A

Late lactose fermenter

165
Q

Only non-fermenter to produce H2S

A

Shewanella putrifaciens

166
Q

Among the non-fermenters, the only bacterial species to produce H2S is…

A

Shewanella putrifaciens

167
Q

Ornithine positive and indole negative Shigella spp.

A

Shigella sonnei

(Group D)

168
Q

Sputum specimens are acceptible for culture IF…

A

show few squamous epithelial cells (SEC) (< 10/lpf) and many PMNs (> 25/lpf) are acceptable

May see columnar epithelial cells (look like sea anemonies) and that’s good but not required.

169
Q

If S aureus and GAS are in the same culture, rule out what organism

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

170
Q

Procedure for MRSA surveillance cultures

A
  • MRSA is dark denim blue on chromagar
  • S/U slide coagulase, then PBP2a if positive to confirm
  • If an isolate needs to be subbed, add a cefoxitin disk to the 1o streak area
171
Q

2+ GPCL 2+ WBC

Creamy yellow colonies on BA with large zones of Beta-hemolysis

Ferments mannitol, catalase pos, coag pos

A

Staph aureus

172
Q

Commensal organism (usually)

non-hemolytic grey GPC

Catalase pos, coag neg, novobiocin sensitive

A

S epi (CNS)

173
Q

The bacteria illustrated in this image from a positive blood culture is most likely to be…

A

Staphylococcus hominis

Forms tetrads

174
Q

How to differentiate Staph lugdunensis and aureus

A

Lugdunensis is pyrase positive and ornithine positive

175
Q

How to differentiate S lugdunensis and saprophyticus Both are bright white

A

Lugdunensis is slightly beta-hemolytic

176
Q

What test is always set up on a MRSA

A

Vanc E-test

177
Q

MRSA resistance mechanism

A

mecA gene -> PBP2a (altered binding site for penicillins)

178
Q

25 yo female urine

Bright white non-hemolytic GPC

Catalase pos, coag neg, novobiocin resistant (<17mm)

A

S saprophyticus

179
Q

grey-green on BA, non-fermenter, oxidase neg

A

Stenotrophomonas

180
Q

Species in S. milleri

A

anginosus, constellatus, intermedius

181
Q

30 yo lab worker bit by mouse

Developed fever, chills, headache, muscle ache

GS from blood cultures show pleomorphic GNR

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

“Rat bite fever”

182
Q

Soft beta-hemolytic grey to orange GPPC

PYR neg, Hippurate hydrolysis pos, CAMP pos

A

GBS

Normal flora of vagina, sometimes UTI, neonatal meningitis

183
Q

Group B streptococci are resistant to what compound?

A

SXT

184
Q

Screening test for GBS in pregnant women

A

Swab into carrot broth

Orange color after a day = pos

185
Q

Bacitracin sensitive Streptococci

A

Groups A, C, and G

186
Q

Non-hemolytic GPC, catalase neg

No growth in 6.5% NaCl but hydrolyzes esculin

A

Strep bovis

“Group D Streptococcus, not enterococcus”

187
Q

Species of strep associated with colon cancer

A

Streptococcus gallolyticus (Formerly Strep bovis)

188
Q

Strep milleri will sometimes cross-react with…

A

C or G

189
Q

Tiny colonies, butterscotch smell, enhanced growth in CO2

A

Strep milleri group

Group F, but can group with A, C, G or none

190
Q

Test to distinguish large colony groups C and G from small colony (milleri) group

A

MUG test

Beta-D- Glucuronidase found in large colony groups C and G, but not small colony forming anginosus (milleri ) group

Disk will fluoresce under UV after incubation

191
Q

Flat, alpha-hemolytic colony with indent in center

Lancet shaped diplococci

OptochinS and bile soluble

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

192
Q

The test used for the identification of specific capsular serotypes of S pneumo is…

A

Quellung test

Mix a light suspension with antiserum and observe for swollen appearance of the capsule to detect serogroup matches

193
Q

Reason for S pneumo resistance to penicillins

A

Altered PBP, but not the same mechanism as MRSA

Definitely becoming more common

194
Q

Species of Strep that be confused with GBS and will cross-agglutinate, but it is not GBS and looks much smaller

A

Streptococcus pseudoporcinus

195
Q

PYRase positive Beta-hemolytic Strep

A

GAS

Detects L- pyrroglutamyl- aminopeptidase

Hydrolyzes PYR to β- naphthylamine

β-naphthylamine + cinnamaldehyde reagent = red

196
Q

Treatment for GAS

A

Still universally susceptible to penicillin, so AST testing unnecessary for pharyngitis

Macrolide resistance still low in US, so Erythromycin if allergic to penicillin

197
Q

Serologic Lancefield grouping based upon…

A

Type C carbohydrate in the cell wall

198
Q

Describe growth of Streptomyces species on quad plate containing caseine, xanthine, tyrosine, and starch.

A

Growth on casein and tyrosine, maybe xanthine and starch

199
Q

“sulfur granules” in drainage from wound: clusters of mycelia

May be branching, beaded GPR, but also may appear as cocci, short filaments, rods

NOT acid fast

A

Streptomyces, Actinomadura, Nocardiopsis

200
Q

Causative agent of syphilis

Can be seen on dark field microscopy but better serology

A

Treponema pallidum

201
Q

Presentations of infection by Treponema pallidum

A
  • 1o syphilis- chancre (painless ulcer) in the genital area
  • 2o syphilis- rash 6-8 weeks after primary infection in 25% of cases. Also systemic disease
    • Condyloma lata- generalized raised lesions loaded with spirochetes
  • 3o gummas or neurosyphilis (not infectious)
    • gummas (15%)- indolent granulomatous lesion w/ central mucoid degeneration
    • Arterial destruction (10%)
    • Neurosyphilis (8%)- Tabes dorsalis; degeneration of the lower spinal cord à chronic progressive dementia
202
Q

Testing sequence to diagnose syphilis

A

screen treponemal

  • Treponemal tests are easier to automate
  • Fluorescent antibody test
  • ELISA or PCR

confirm with non-treponemal

  • RPR- looks for reagin (cholesterol, lecithin, cardiolipin), markers of cell damage
  • VRDL- similar test to RPR but need a microscope
203
Q

Severe diarrhea leading to rapid fluid and electrolyte loss

Curved GNR, oxidase pos, NLF

A

Vibrio cholerae

204
Q

Yellow colonies on TCBS indicate…

A

Vibrio cholerae

205
Q

Cause of self-limiting gastroenteritis

Curved GNR, oxidase pos, NLF

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

206
Q

Gastroenteritis

Curved GNR, oxidase pos, nitrate reducer, halophilic

A

Vibrio spp

207
Q

Causative agent of severe septicemia from wound infections

Curved GNR, oxidase pos, lactose fermenter

A

Vibrio vulnificus

208
Q

Gastroenteritis

Non-motile, grows in cold temps

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

209
Q

Differentiation between Burkholderia mallei and pseudomallei

A

Mallei is non-motile and oxidase variable

Pseudomallei is motile and oxidase POS

210
Q

How to separate leuconostoc from other streptococcus-like species..

A

Gas from glucose in MRS broth

211
Q

What additive is used to restrict growth of Pseudomonads in a mycobacterium culture?

A

Oxalic acid

M(ASCP) Prep (5 decks)

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