Bacteriology Flashcards
Most severe form of meningococcemia
Waterhouse- friedrichsen syndrome (N. Meningitidis)
Most common cause of urethritis
Gonococcal urethritis (N. gonorrhoeae)
Most common cause of PID
N. Gonnorrhoeae
Violin string adhesions
Fitz hugh curtis syndrome
Most common cause of septic arthritis in sexually active adults
N. Gonorrhoeae
N. Gonorrhoeae has a usual co infection with
C. Trachomatis
Organisms that cause sub acute bacterial endocarditis
HACEK Haemophilus aphrophilus Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Cardiobacterium hombis Eikinella corrodens Kingella kingae
Most common cause of human bite infection
Eikenella corrodens
Satellite phenomenon around S. aureus colonies
H. Influenzae
Most common cause of epiglottitis
H. influenzae
- thumb sign
- cherry red epiglotitis
- tx: ceftriaxone
Steeple sign
Laryngotracheobronchitis
- parainfluenza
Tx: racemic epinephrine
Causes epiglotitis, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia
H. Influenzae
2nd most common cause of otitis media
H. Influenzae
Cultured on regan- lowe charcoal medium
Bordetella pertussis
Pathogenesis of bordetella pertussis’ whooping
Tracheal cytotoxin
Visualize with silver stain
Legionella pneumophila
Cultured on charcoal yeast extract agar
Legionella pneumophila
3 most common cause of atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Facultative intracellular bacteria
Salmonella Brucella Mycobacterium Listeria Francisella Legionella Yersinia
green metallic sheen on EMB
E. Coli
Lactose fermenters
Citrobacter
Klebsiella
E. Coli
Enterobacter
Most common cause of community acquired UTI
E. coli
2nd most common cause of neonatal meningitis
E. coli
Causes of neonatal meningitis
B grp streptococci (S. Agalactiae)
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes
E. Coli strain of watery diarrhea (traveler’s diarrhea)
ETEC
E. Coli strain of watery diarrhea of long duration, mostly in infants, often in developing countries
EPEC
E. Coli strain of bloody diarrhea hemorrhagic colitis and HUS
EHEC
E. Coli strain of bloody diarrhea
EIEC
E. Coli strain of persistent watery diarrhea in children and patients infected with HIV
EAEC
Cultured in xylose lysine deoxycholate medium(XLD)
Salmonella spp.- produce h2s
Shigella- do not produce h2s
Most common cause of bacillary dysentery
Shigella sonnei (duval’s bacillus)
Most severe form of bacillary dysentery
Shigella dysenteriae type1- shiga bacillus
Most common cause of epidemic dysentery
Shigella dysenteriae type 1- shiga bacillus
Shooting star motility
Vibrio spp.
Cultured on TCBS agar
Vibrio spp.
Rice water stools; washer woman’s hands, secretory diarrhea
V. Cholera
Grows well at 42C on skirrows agar
Campylobacter jejuni
Most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis
Campylobacter jejuni
Associated with guillan barre and reiter’s syndrome
Campylobacter jejuni
Triad of urethritis, uveitis, arthritis
Reiter’s syndrome( cant pee cant see cant climb a tree)
Urease positive bacteria
Proteus mirabilis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Helicobacter pylori
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Facultative gram negative rods with large polysaccharide capsule
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Most common cause of pneumonia (necrotizing) in alcoholics
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Swarming motility
Proteus mirabilis
Obligate aerobe
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Grown on cetrimide agar
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Blue green pigment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pyocyanin
Hot tub folliculitis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Most common cause of otitis externa, malignant otitis externa in diabetics and chronic suppurative otitis media
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ventilator acquired pneumonia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Typhilitis, shanghai fever
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
3rd most common cause of nosocomial UTIs
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ecthyma gangrenosum
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Undulating fever
Brucella abortus
Transmitted thru dermacentor ticks with rabbits as reservoir
Francisella tularensis
Most virulent bacteria
Yersinia pestis
Bubonic, pneumonic, septicemic plague
Yersinia pestis
Bipolar staining(safety pin)
Yersinia pestis
Buttery colonies with musty odor
Pasteurella multocida
Most important virulence factor of M. Tuberculosis
Cord factor
Langhan’s giant cells
M. Tuberculosis
Most common extrapulmonary form of TB
Scrofula
Reservoir are humans and armadillos
M. Leprae
Leonine facies
M. Leprae
Bacteria with fungal like characteristics
Actinomycetes
Weakly acid fast in fite faraco stain
Nocardia asteroides
Smallest free living organisms
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Only bacteria with cholesterol in cell membrane
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Cultured on eaton’s medium
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Most common type of atypical pneumonia (walking pneumonia) pediatric 5yrs
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Most common infectious cause (extrapulmonary) of mycoplasma pneumonia
Stevens johnson syndrome
Argyll robertson pupil; prostitute’s pupil
Treponema pallidum
Most important diagnostic test in primary syphillis
Dark field microscopy
Screening for secondary or tertiary syphilis
RPR/ VDRL
Confirmatory teat for secondary/ tertiary syphilis
FTA-ABS
Largest medically important bacteria
Borellia burgdorferi
Cultured on BSK medium
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
Transmitted by ixodes capsularis ( bite from deer ticks)
Borrelia burgdorferi
Bell’s palsy, arthritis, cardiac block, erythema chronicum migrans
Lyme disease
Tx doxycycline
Relapsing fever
Borrelia recurrentis
Shepherd’s crook appearance
Leptospira interrogans
Fletcher’s medium
Leptospira interrogans
Ellinghausen-mccullough johnson harris(EMJH) medium
Leptospira interrogans
Most severe form of leptospirosis
Weil syndrome
Triad of weil syndrome
Jaundice ( orange cast skin)
Bleeding
Uremia
Snow flake lesions in cxr
Leptospira interrogans
Obligate intracellular bacteria
Ricketssia
Chlamydia
Most common STD overall
Chlamydia trachomatis (types D-K)
Most common cause of infectious eye blindness
Trachoma (C. Trachomatis types A-C)
Halberstadter prowazek inclusions
C. Trachomatis
Associated with Reiter’s syndrome
Campyobacter jejuni
C. Trachomatis types D-K
Staccato cough
C. Trachomatis types D-K
Lymphogranuloma venereum
c. Trachomatis L1-L3
Atypical pneumonia assoc with atherosclerosis
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Bird fancier’s disease
Chlamydia psittaci
Divide by binary fission
Rickettsiae
Detects antirickettsial antibodies by agglutination of proteus organisms
Weil felix reaction
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rickettsial pox with eschar formation
Rickettsia akari
Most lethal; no arthropod vector; no rash ; caused by coxiella burnetti
Q fever
Cat scratch disease
Bartonella henselae
Dog as reservoir transmitted thru dermacentor bite; forms morulae in cytoplasm of monocytes
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Clue cells with positive whiff test
Gardnerella vaginalis
Dermacentor bite
Francisella tullarensis
Erlichia chaffeensis
Painful genital ulcer
Chancroid ( haemophilus ducreyi)
Painless ulcer
Chancre( primary syphilis treponema pallidum
Condyloma lata
Secondary syphilis treponema pallidum
Condyloma acuminatum–> HPV
Pseudo appendicitis( mesenteric adenitis)
Yersenia enterocolitica
Granuloma inguinale(donovanosis)
Klebsiella granulomatis
Beefy red ulcer
Klebsiella granulomatis
Closed safety pin appearance ( donovan bodies)
Klebsiella granulomatis
Pseudo buboe
Klebsiella granulomatis
Most common cause of meningitis among aged 2-18 yrs
N. Meningitides