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MODULE 6: MICROBIO > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

G(+) cocci
Normally residing in the skin
Purple cocci cluster

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

G(+) cocci
Infection of the hair follicle causing red, pus-filled swollen follicles

Furuncles: Boils
Carbuncles: Group of furuncles

A

Folliculitis

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3
Q

G(+) cocci
Small, flattened, red patches, drying on the face and limbs which develops into pus filled vesicles that eventually crust over

AKA: PYODERMA

A

Impetigo

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4
Q

G(+) cocci
Occurs in young women (does not change tampons regularly)

Caused by TSST 1

6 S/Sx: Fever, Hypotension, Erythoderma with desquamation, Profuse diarrhea, multi-organ involvement, scalding

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

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5
Q

G(+) cocci
S/Sx: Perioral erythema with sunburn like rash rapidly turning bright red then spreading to bullae which later on desquamates

A

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

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6
Q

G(+) cocci
Caused by ingestion of enterotoxin

Second most common cause of acute food poisoning

6 S/Sx: Acute salivation, Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal cramps, Watery diarrhea, Gastroenteritis

A

Staphylococcal Food Poisoning

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7
Q

G(+) cocci
When bacteria enter the bloodstream and cause blood poisoning

Can trigger sepsis

Associated with age extremes, CVD, decompensated diabetes, and heroin addicts

May complicate to endocarditis

A

Septicemia

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8
Q

G(+) cocci
Green
Normal flora of oral cavity

A

Streptococcus viridans

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9
Q

G(+) cocci
Causes bad breath, dental carries
Loves Carbohydrates: CHO (Carbohydrate) to lactic acid
Complication: Brain abscess

A

Streptococcus mutans

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10
Q

G(+) cocci
Most virulent, Important human pathogens

Common Manifestations:
- Scarlet Fever (Strawberry like tongue) AKA: Scarletina, erysipelas
ID: Dick’s Test
-Impetigo AKA: Pyoderma
s/s: Yellow crusted lesions (face)
-Sepsis
-Infectious endocarditis resulted from Tonsilitis, Strep throat (3-5 yr complications)
-Pharyngitis

Complications (1-4 wks after infxn)
-Acute Rheumatic Fever (Heart murmurs, Aschoff’s nodule formation in the heart valves)
-Acute Glomerulonephritis
Txt: Penicillin V

-Necrotizing Fasciitis
Txt: PCN, Clindamycin

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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11
Q

G(+) cocci
Normal flora of female genitalia

Neonatal sepsis/ Meningitis (from mother)

Txt: Cesarian (Baby), Hole in Skull (Mother)

A

Streptococcus Agalactiae

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12
Q

G(+) cocci
Liver, intestinal abscess
UTI

A

Enterococcus (faecalis, faecium, durans)

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13
Q

G(+) cocci
Normal flora of the colon
Isolated among patients with colon cancer

A

Streptococcus bovis

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14
Q

G(+) cocci in chains
Mucopurulent (pus-like: yellow&white) sputum

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

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15
Q

Spore-forming G(+) Rods
Only bacteria w/ an amino acid (D-glutamic acid) capsule
-Endospore: Gives extra resistance, Not affected by heat

Causes anthrax

Cutaneous: Localized tissue necrosis “Black eschar lessions”
Respiratory: “Woolsorter’s disease”
GI: Rare but fatal diarrhea

Normal flora of sheep, goat, cattle

ID: MacFaydean reaction test

Medusa head colony appearance

A

Bacillus anthracis

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16
Q

Spore-forming G(+) Rods
Non-encapsulated, motile
Produces exotoxin
Food poisoning (fried rice): emetic/diarrheal

A

Bacillus cereus

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17
Q

Spore-forming G(+) Clostridium
Normal flora of animals
Inh. release of Ach in skeletal muscles: Botulism
Acquired: Deep wound infxn, Vacuum packed or canned foods, Honey eaten by infants

S/s: No contraction
-Flaccid paralysis “Flappy baby syndrome”: starts w/ facial muscles
-Diaphragmatic paralysis: Respiratory arrest
-Diplopia, Slurred speech, Swallowing difficulty

Used in small doses in dermatology: Botos

Txt: Trivalent antitoxin

A

Clostridium Botulinum

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18
Q

Spore-forming G(+) Clostridium
Normal flora of horses,dogs (fecal matter)

Inh. GABA & glycine (inhibitory) NT

Tetanus

S/s: Highly contracted
-Spastic paralysis
-Ricus sardonicus: Sardonic smile/ Devil’s grin
-Opisthotonus: Hyperarching of back muscles - Spine may break
- Lock jaw

Virulence: Tetanospasmin

A

Clostridium tetani

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19
Q

Spore-forming G(+) Clostridium
“Flesh eating bacteria”
Gas gangrene (necrosis)

s/s: Myonecrosis- Liberation of foul smelling gas

ID: Nagler’s test

Txt: Amputation, Maggots (eat necrotic tissue-lab grown), Hyperbaric chambers (allow O2 to penetrate for blood flow)

A

Clostridium perfringens

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20
Q

Spore-forming G(+) Clostridium
Normal flora of colon
Pseudomembranous colitis (Yellow pus in lining of inflammed intestines

S/s: Bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps

Associated with use of broad spectrum antibiotics

A

Clostridium difficile

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21
Q

Non-spore forming G(+) Rods
V-shaped or palisades: Irregular shaped
“Chinese lettering”
Pleomorphic; Aerobic/facultative Anaerobic
Non-motile, nonencapsulated
Whitish puss in tonsils
Screening test: Schick
Lab Dx: Leoffler’s slant

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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22
Q

Non-spore forming G(+) Rods
Only G(+) with endotoxin
Has tumbling end-over-end motility at 22C but not at 37C (Amphitrichous)
Facultative anaerobe
Catalase
Produces hemolysin

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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23
Q

Non-spore forming G(+) Rods
More common in males (Testosterone and sebum)
Acne
S/s: Comedone (Black, whitehead)

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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24
Q

G(-)
Found in GI

EPEC (Enteropathogenic escherichia coli): Infant and children’s diarrhea
ETEC (Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli): Traveler’s diarrhea (Montezuma’s revenge)
EIEC (Enteroinvasive escherichia coli): Similar to shigellosis
EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli): Verotoxin; bloody diarrhea
UTI
Sepsis
Meningitis

A

Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriaceae)

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25
Q

G(-)
2nd most common cause of G(-) sepsis
Pneumonia

Encapsulated

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

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26
Q

G(-)
Very motile, alkaline urine
Common cause of UTI and nosocomial infxn

A

Proteus mirabilis

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27
Q

G(-)
Non-motile; non-lactose fermenter
Highly adapted to humans
Acid resistant
Shiga toxin: Inactives 60s ribosomes

Fluorescent (No need for staining)

Diarrhea & inflammed colon: dehydrated

A

Shigella dysenteriae

28
Q

G(-)
Mostly motile; non-lactose fermenter
Peritrichous
Produce H2S (Rotten egg smell)
Form acid in glucose and mannose
Lives in GI of animals (chicken, broken eggs)

A

Salmonella sp

29
Q

G(-)
Salmonella sp.
Typhoid fever
DOC: Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone

A

Salmonella typhi

30
Q

G(-)
Salmonella sp.
Sepsis

A

Salmonella choleraesius

31
Q

G(-)
Salmonella sp.
Diarrhea/Gastroenteritis

A

Salmonella enetritidis

32
Q

G(-)
Curved rod
Exotoxin: Cholera toxin
Watery diarrhea: “rice watery” stools
Not an invasive infection

A

Vibrio cholerae (Enterobacteriaceae)

33
Q

G(-)
Spiral shaped, highly motile, microaerophilic
Lophotrichious
Adherence factors, motility, mucinase
Gastritis, gastric/ duodenal ulcers, PUD

A

Helicobacter pylori

34
Q

G(-)
Small uniform coccobacillus
Not influenza
Aerobic or facultative anaerobe
Encapsulated
Similar s/s to flu
Causes meningitis, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, sepsis

Lab Dx: Chocolate agar

A

Haemophilus influenzae

35
Q

G(-)
AKA koch-Week’s bacillus
H. influenzae biotype III

CM: Conjunctivitis (Reddish sclera, Hardened puss)

A

Haemophilus aegyptius

36
Q

G(-)
STD
CM: Soft chancre/ chancroid (Hard chancre- CM of syphilis)

S/s: Ulcerative lesions in genitalia, Lymphadenitis in the groin area

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

37
Q

G(-)
Brucella sp.
Cow
CM: Brucellosis AKA Malta fever, undulant fever, Bang’s dse

Teratogenic

A

Brucella abortus

38
Q

G(-)
Brucella sp.
Swine
CM: Brucellosis AKA Malta fever, undulant fever, Bang’s dse

Teratogenic

A

Brucella swine

39
Q

G(-)
Brucella sp.
Dog
CM: Brucellosis AKA Malta fever, undulant fever, Bang’s dse

A

Brucella cannis

40
Q

G(-)
Brucella sp.
Goat
CM: Brucellosis AKA Malta fever, undulant fever, Bang’s dse

A

Brucella miletensis

41
Q

G(-)
CM: Tularemia AKA Rabbit fever, deer fly fever
S/s: Swollen lymph nodes

A

Francisella Tularensis

42
Q

G(-)
CM: Bubonic plague AKA Black death, Black plague (PPE w/ beak with herbals)
s/s: Buboes (wound), necrosis, swollen lymph nodes

Vector: Rat flea

A

Yersinia pestis

43
Q

G(-)
“Whooping cough”
Fastidious coccobacilli
(+) capsule in virulent strains
Strict aerobe

Prevention: DTP/DPT (Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis) vaccine

A

Bordetella pertussis

44
Q

G(-)
Facultative intracellular
Aerobic, fastidious

Natural habitat: WATER

Pneumonia like symptoms

Causes legionnaire’s dse (Spreaded by aircon) and Pontiac fever

A

Legionella pneumophila

45
Q

G(-) Diplococci
Life threatening when it reaches the blood
Meningococcus
Glucose and maltose fermenter
Piliated
Meningitis, meningococcemia

A

Neisseria meningitides

46
Q

G(-)
AKA Tulo = puss
Gonorrhea, STD
PID
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (Puss in eyes)
Prevention: treat mother first (PID) /c-section
Txt: Erythromycin (new), 1% Silver Nitrate (old)

A

Neisseria gonnorhoeae

47
Q

G(-)
Produce pigment in agar
Motile, obligate aerobic rods
Occurs as single bacterium, in pairs in short chains
Does not ferment carbohydrates

UTI, pneumonia

Pigments produced: Pyocyanin, Pyoverdin, Pyorubin, Pyomelanin

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

48
Q

Small, obligate, intracellular
Energy parasites
Contain DNA, RNA
Can synthesize own CHONS

A

Chlamydia and Rickettsiae

49
Q

Obligate intracellular bacteria that occupy a nonacidified vacuole during their entire developmental cycle

Elementary Bodies (EB): Infective form
Reticulate Bodies (RB): Non-infective form

Causes conjunctivitis, cervicitis, pneumonia

C. trachomatis: Trachoma
C. pneumoniae: Atypical pneumonia
C. psittaci: Psittacosis-Ornithosis (Bird infxn)

A

Chlamydia

50
Q

G(-)
Pleomorphic coccobacilli
Peptidoglycan-ctg muraminic acid and
diaminopimelic acid
Growth enhanced by sulfonamides
Vector: transmitted via ticks, mites, louse, fleas
ID test: Weil-Felix Test
s/s: diffused rashes from arthropod bite
Txt: TCN, Chloramphenicol, increased
resistance to sulfonamides

A

Rickettsia

51
Q

G(-)

“Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever”
Flat spots

Fever, conjunctival redness, severe headache, rash

Vector: WOOD TICK or DOG TICK

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

52
Q

G(-)
CM: Brill-Zinser’s Dse/ epidemic typhus

Vector: LOUSE

Murine Typhus
Vector: RAT FLEA

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

53
Q

G(-)
CM: Scrub Typhus
Vector: MITE

A

Orientia tsutugamushi

54
Q

G(-)
CM: Rickettsial Pox
Vector: MITE

A

Rickettsia akari

55
Q

G(-)
CM: Queensland Tick Fever
Vector: TICK

A

Rickettsia australis

56
Q

G(-)
Spiral, motile
Have axial filaments/Endoflagella
Cork screw movement
Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

A

Spirochetes

57
Q

G(-)
Microaerophilic
Darkfield microscopy (no staining), Immunoflourescence, Silver stains

Cause syphilis (STD)
1. Congenital (newborn, during 4th month)
s/s: Keratoconjunctivitis, perforated palate, saddle nose, patchy mucus membrane, Hutchinson’s teeth
ID: Flourescent Treponema test

  1. Acquired/STD
    1st stage: Hard chancre
    2nd stage: Condylema- macupapular rash with cigar butt like burn
    Latent: Several years
    3rd: stage: Gummas (untreated syphilis) characterized by CNS problems
    ID test: Venereal dse research lab test (VDRL), Rapid plasma regain

Txt: DOC: Pen G administered at gluteus maximuss

A

Treponema pallidum

58
Q

G(-)
Highly flexible
Can be cultured in fluid media (Blood serum and tissue)
Causes relapsing fever

Vector: WHITE FOOTED MOUSE & WHITE TILED DEER TICK

A

Borrelia recurrentis

59
Q

G(-)
CM: Lyme’s dse
Vector: IXODES TICK
s/s: erythema chronicum migrams (Bull’s eye rash)

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

60
Q

G(-)
Tightly coiled, thin, flexible
Causes Leptospirosis
CM: Leptospirosis/ Weil’s Dse- Rodents, dogs, bats, squirrels (Urine)
Acquired from contaminated water through broken skin

s/s: nephritis, meningitis, conjunctivitis, splenomegaly, jaundice, bloodshot eyes

Culture: Fletcher’s media

Txt: DOC: Doxycycline

A

Leptospira interrogans

61
Q

Rod shaped, aerobic
Do not form spores
Resist decolorization by acid or alcohol

A

Acid Fast Bacteria

62
Q

Contains mycolic acid
Waxy lipid (slippery)
Dyes are easy to remove

A

Mycobacterium

63
Q

Acid Fast Bacteria
Intracellular organism
Slow growing (12-20hr)
Weakly G(+) cell wall
Resist drying
Sensitive to UV, phenol, Hypochlorite, heat

Virulence factor: cord factor, intracellular survival

Growth: Lowenstein-Jesten medium

AKA Koch’s bacillus

CM: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), Extrapulmonary tubercolosis (EPTB) - TB of skin, bones, kidney, and other organs

s/s: afternoon fatigue, pm fever, loss of appetite, and weight (rapid), cough, hemoptysis (Bloddy sputum)

Dx: Mantoux test (old) -tuberculin
Purified protein derivative (new) (PPD)- Skin test
TB-DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course): Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

64
Q

Acid Fast Bacteria

Hansen’s disease AKA Leprosy
Found in scrapings from skin or mucous membrane in lepromatous leprosy

Attacks colder tissue of the body (ears, nose, cheeks, scrotum)

Txt: DOC: Dapsone
SE: Erythema nodosum leprosum

A

Mycobacterium leprae

65
Q

Mycobacterium leprae
Benign type (removed through surgery)
CM: Blotchy, flat lesions
(+) in lepromin skin test

A

Tuberculoid (TL)

66
Q

Mycobacterium laprae
CM: Disfiguring appearance (leonine/lion like), thickening of eyebrows, lips, cheeks
Disintegration of body part, Malignant type (Spreads in the body)
(-) in lepromin skin test

A

Lepromatous (LL)

67
Q
A

MODULE 6: MICROBIO (1 decks)

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