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Skin Care Quiz 1 > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Bacteriology?

A

The study of micro-organisms called bacteria, germs, or microbes

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2
Q

What is bacteria?

A

Bacteria are one celled vegetable microscopic organisms which exist in the air, on the ground, on our skin, in water, decayed matter, body fluids, on clothes, under nails, etc.

  • they have both plant and animal characteristics
  • a microorganism is an organism of microscopic to submicroscopic size
  • some bacteria are harmful and some harmless
  • some bacteria are carried by animals, humans, or insects. Others can be transferred by water, food and soil.
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3
Q

What are the two types of Bacteria?

A
  1. Pathogenic
  2. Non-pathogenic
  3. Pathogenic bacteria are harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body.

These parasites require living matter for their growth, the minority of which are harmful and produce considerable damage by invading human and animal tissues

Pathogenic is also known as microbes or germs

Are classified into 3 main groups according to their cell shape

  1. Non-pathogenic
    (Beneficial/ harmless)
  • perform useful functions
  • do not cause disease or harm
  • it is found in yogurts, cheese & medicines
  • constitute the majority of all bacteria
  • beneficial in digestion and decomposing and improving the fertility of soil
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4
Q

What are the three classifications of pathogenic bacteria?

A
  1. Cocci - round
  2. Bacilli - rod shaped
  3. Spirilla - spiral/ corkscrew
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5
Q

Pathogenic bacteria: Cocci

A

Round shaped organisms which appear singularly or in groups.

3 classifications of Cocci
- think cocci has 3 c’s

A) Staphylococci - pus forming organism that grows in bunches or clusters.
(Boils, pustules, abscess)
- responsible for pilosebaceous infections
- Can live for 2 weeks on house hold surfaces

B) Streptococci - pus forming bacteria that grows in chains
- they cause blood poisoning and strep throat

C) diplococci - grow in pairs
- cause pneumonia

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6
Q

Pathogenic bacteria: Bacilli

A
  • Rod shaped organisms
  • the most common
  • some can survive with or without oxygen
  • cause diseases like tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis & diphtheria
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7
Q

Spirilla

A
  • curved or corkscrew
  • divided into many groups
  • most important is Treponema pollidum causing syphilis and chlamydia
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8
Q

Movement of bacteria

A

Cocci

  • Rarely show active motility (self-movement)
  • Are transmitted in the air, dust, or within the substances in which they settle

Bacilli and spirilla are both capable of movements and use hairlike extensions called flagella to move about

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9
Q

Bacteria growth and reproduction

A
  • Bacteria consists of a outer cell wall and internal protoplasm
  • Bacteria manufactures it’s own food through what they absorb around them
  • give off waste products, grow and reproduce.
  • the life cycle of bacteria consists of two phases
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10
Q

What are the two phases of a life cycle in bacteria?

A

Active phase & Inactive phase

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11
Q

Active phase/ Vegetative bacteria

A
  • during this stage the bacteria grows and reproduces
  • bacteria multiply best in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places
  • in this environment they grow to their largest size and then divide into two daughter cells
  • cell division may happen every 20-60 minutes
  • as many as 16 million germs develop in half a day from one bacterium
  • if conditions become unfavourable, the bacteria die or become inactive
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12
Q

Inactive or spore forming stage

A

Certain bacteria form spores with tough outer coverings to withstand long periods of famine, dryness and climate change.

Bacteria such as tetanus bacilli and anthrax coat themselves with wax like outer shells.

Spores can be blown about in the dust and not be harmed by disinfectants, heat or cold.

When favourable conditions are restored, spores change into the active form and begin to grow and reproduce.

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13
Q

Survival of bacteria (A,A,FA)

A

Aerobes: need oxygen to exist

Anaerobes: cannot survive or reproduce in the presence of oxygen

Facultative anaerobes: they change their method of survival and can adapt to conditions with or without oxygen.

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14
Q

When a disease spreads from one person to another, it is a..

A

Contagious or communicable disease

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15
Q

What is considered a good breeding ground for bacteria?

A

Warmth, moisture, and nutrition

Mucous membranes (mouth, nose, eyes, throat and ears) are natural breeding grounds for microbes

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16
Q

The body’s defence against bacteria

A
  • Healthy skin is the first resistance

- the mucus areas have a disinfectant effect due to cilia or hairs in the nose or ears which act as mechanical cleaners

17
Q

What is a local infection?

A

Confined to a particular part of the body

Indicated by a boil or pimple containing pus

Staphylococci bacteria is the most common

Some staph bacteria are resistant to treatments like antibiotics (MRSA)

18
Q

What is a general infection?

A

Results when the bloodstream carries the bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body as in blood poisoning or syphilis

Staph is responsible for food poisoning and a wide range of diseases (toxic shock syndrome)

19
Q

Pus

A

Is a sign of infection/ bacteria

Consists of: bacteria, white blood cells (alive & dead) and proteins

The body defends itself by producing inflammation
Redness and swelling reveal an increase of body temperature and metabolic activity
The body then combats the infection through the action of white corpuscles and antibodies which destroy bacteria - which is called “phagocytosis”

20
Q

How does the body defend itself?

A

The body produces antitoxins which counteract toxins produced by bacteria

Saliva and digestive fluids have an antiseptic effect the same as perspiration and other body secretions.

21
Q

How can pathogens enter the body?

A 
Break in the skin (cut, pimple) 
Mouth 
Nose 
Eyes
Ears 
Unprotected sex
22
Q

What are viruses?

A

A parasitic submicroscopic particle capable of infecting almost all plants and animals including bacteria.

Resides in the cells of a biological organism

Viruses are capable of replication only through taking over the host cell’s reproductive function

Viruses are hard to kill without harming the body’s own cells in the process

Vaccinations prevent viruses from growing in the body

Viruses cause the common cold, influenza, herpes, measles, chicken pox, hepatitis, polio, HIV.

23
Q

What are bacteria?

A

One celled organisms that have both plant and animal characteristics

Some are harmful; some harmless

24
Q

Difference between viruses and bacteria

A

Viruses can only live and reproduce by taking over the host of another cell

Bacteria can live on their own

Bacterial infections can usually be treated with antibiotics, but viruses are not affected by antibiotics.

Viruses are hard to kill without harming the body’s own cells in the process.

25
Q

What are blood borne pathogens?

A

Disease causing microorganisms that are carried through the body via the blood or body fluids. (HIV, hepatitis)

26
Q

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

A
  • is also the virus that causes aids
  • AIDS breaks down the body’s immune system
  • someone can be affected with no symptoms
  • on average it takes 10 years for HIV to develop into AIDS
27
Q

HIV transmission

A
  • mainly transmitting through sharing of needles, and unprotected sex
28
Q

Where can HIV be found

A

Blood, semen, vagina secretion, breast milk, body tissues

29
Q

Hepatitis -

Affects the liver

A

A blood borne virus that causes a disease which inflames the liver

Hepatitis can live on a surface outside of the body

3 types: A, B, and C

  • Hep B is the most difficult to kill
  • B&C spread from person to person through body fluids

The vaccine for hepatitis is recommended for those who work closely with the public

30
Q

Fungi

A
  • plant parasites (mold, mildew, yeast)
  • most fungi are non-pathogenic
  • fungal infections affect the skin as they live off of keratin (a protein that makes up the skin)

They can produce ringworm, athletes foot, or sun spots or nail infection.

Mildew is a fungus that affects plants or grow on objects but does not cause human infections.

Fungi spores live on surfaces for 4 months.

31
Q

Parasites and animal parasites

A

Live upon another living organism without giving anything in return. They grow, feed and shelter in or on an animal or human.

Must have a host to survive

Humans can acquire internal parasites by eating fish or meat which isn’t cooked properly.

External parasites: fleas, mites, ticks and lice.

32
Q

Immunity

A

Immunity is the body’s ability to resist and destroy diseases and prevent infection

33
Q

What are the two types of immunity?

A

Natural immunity
Acquired immunity

Natural immunity: partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living

A healthy individual produces white blood cells and antibodies to fight disease causing invaders.

Acquired immunity: is immunity the body develops after overcoming a disease through inoculation (vaccine) or through exposure to natural allergens (pollen, dust, etc)

Vaccinations stimulate the body’s immune system so that invaders are fought off before they cause disease.

34
Q

Human disease carrier

A

Is a person immune to a disease that yet harbours germs which can infect other people

They usually are unaware they are infected and contagious

35
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

When the body combats infection through the action of white corpuscles and antibodies which destroy bacteria.

36
Q

Fungal infections usually effect the skin because they live off of:

A

Keratin (protein that makes up the skin)

37
Q

Fungi spores live on surfaces for:

A

4 months

Skin Care Quiz 1 (3 decks)

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