Bacterial Zoonoses Flashcards
What are zoonoses?
Diseases that can be spread from animals to humans under natural conditions
What part do humans play in the life cycle of zoonotic diseases?
They are not part of lifecycle; accidental insertion
What is the general reservoir for zoonoses?
Non-human animal species
What role does the vector play in zoonoses?
Transmits pathogen from reservoir to other animal; Vector can be reservoir as well
Typical vector of Bacillus anthracis?
No vector
Typical vector for Francisella tularensis?
Ticks, mosquitos, deer flies
Typical vector for Brucella species?
No vector
Typical vector for Yersinia pestis?
Fleas
Typical vector for Bartonella hensalae?
Fleas, possibly ticks
What is the normal lifecycle for Bacillus anthracis?
Cow and soil
What is the lifecycle of yersinia pestis?
Rat and flea
Lifecycle for Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica?
Horsefly/Mosquito/Tick and Rabbit/Beaver
Lifecycle for Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis?
Rabbit and Horsefly/Tick
What disease does Bacillus anthracis cause?
Anthrax
What are the three types of anthrax?
- Cutaneous
- Inhalational
- GI
What are the pavlovian presenting Syx of Cutaneous Anthrax?
- Small sore that develops into a blister
- Blister turns into a skin ulcer with black eschar
- Significant edema
- Blister and ulcer DO NOT HURT
Pavlovian occupational risks of anthrax?
Dying cattle/Abattoir
Tx for anthrax?
Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline
Which type of tularemia is found in the US? Found in Europe?
- US - type A - Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis
- Europe - type B - Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica
What are the 5 types of tularemia?
- Ulceroglandular
- Glandular
- Oculoglandular
- Oropharyngeal
- Pneumonic
What is the most common type of tularemia? Most severe?
- Common - Ulceroglandular (following a tick or deer fly bite)
- Severe - Pneumonic
How is Brucella acquired?
Generally ingestion from infected meat (Cow, pig, sheep)
What are the 3 most pathogenic form of Brucella?
- B. melitensis
- B. suis (Serovars 1,3,4)
- B. abortus
What are two Pavolvian signs that a cow is infected with Brucella abortus?
- Spontaneous abortion in the 3rd trimester
- Placenta has leathery look
What are the 3 major routes of brucella transmission?
- Contact of conjunctiva/broke skin
- Ingestion
- INhalation
What is unique about the brucella incubation period?
5-21 days up to 3 months adding difficulty to Dx due to latency
What is the pavolvian sign of Brucellosis?
Undulant FEVER
What are the 3 most common complication of Brucellosis?
- Osteoarticular
- Hepatomegaly/Splenomegaly
- GI
What is the most common form of lab test used for Brucellosis? Most definitive test?
- Common - serology
- Definitive - 4-fold rise in titer
Tx for Brucellosis?
Doxycycline/streptomycin combination
What is the plague caused by?
Yersinia Pestis
What is the typical presentation of the bubonic plague?
- Feber
- Painful, swollen, tender lymph nodes (inguinal, axillary, or cervical)
Typical Syx and progression of septicemic plague?
- Fever
- Prostration
- Hemorrhagic/Thrombotic phenomena
- Progressing to ACRAL gangrene
Tx for plague?
Streptomycin
What causes cat scratch fever?
Bartonella hensalae
What pavlovian scenario would one suspect B. hensalae infection?
Getting a new kitten who doesn’t have their shots yet
What is the lifecycle of B. henselae? How is it transmitted to humans?
- Cats and fleas
- Cat/flea bite
A patient infected with HIV gets a concurrent B. henselae/quintana infection. What disease is this patient at risk for?
Bacillary angiomatosis
Presentation of an immuncompetent person with Cat Scratch Fever?
Papule or pustule forming at the inoculation site
What pathogens are associated with cat and dog bites?
- Cat - primarily Pasteurella multocida
- Dog - primarily Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Note: Either animal can present with either of the above diseases
