Bacterial Structure And Functions Flashcards
What type of cell is bacteria?
Prokaryotic cells
What is the role of the prokaryotic cell?
- Human disease
- Health
- Can cause disease
- Part of the human microbiota
Where can bacteria live?
- Skin
- Body
- Everyday objects
Prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells is the structure more or less complex? Why?
- Less lack
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Er
- Golgi complexes
What are the layers of the bacteria called?
The cell envelope
What is the role of the cell wall and where is it found?
- Protect the bacteria
- Found on the outer surface of the cell membrane
What is the cell wall composed of?
- Peptidoglycan
What does peptidoglycan help differentiate between bacteria?
If they are
- Gram positive
or
- Gram negative
How is gram positive bacteria composed?
- Single THICK layer peptidoglycan above the plasma membrane
What does gram positive bacteria allow?
- Allows to retain the staining dye
- Because peptidoglycan is above the plasma membrane
What does gram negative bacteria have?
- A THINNER layer of petidoglycan
- Sandwiched between surface membrane and plasma membrane
What does gram negative bacteria not allow?
Cannot retain dye
What does the cell wall help the bacteria maintain ?
Helps bacteria maintain its shape
What is a round shaped bacteria called?
Cocci
What is a rod shaped bacteria called?
Bacilli
What is a spiral shaped bacteria called?
Spirilla
What is a bacteria called that can have multiple forms?
Pleomorphic
What can SOME bacteria be covered by?
A capsule
What is the role of the bacteria capsule?
- Shield that protects against phagocytosis
- Helps bacteria adhere to surfaces
- Virulence factor
What is the difference between a bacteria that does not have a capsule and one that has a capsule?
- Strains that lack a capsule are less virulent
- Strains that have a capsule are more virulent
What is underneath the bacterial cell wall?
The plasma membrane
Why is the plasma membrane the most important layer?
Because it encloses the cytoplasm
What is the cytoplasm composed of?
Gel like substance
- Water
- Cell components
- Enzymes
- Molecules
What happens if the plasma membrane is removed?
- The cells contents spill into the environment
- The cell no longer exists
What is the plasma membrane responsible for?
Relationship with the outside world
- Acquires nutrients
- Eliminates Waste
- Maintains constant, organized state
In bacteria the plasma membrane is a?
Selectively permeable barrier
What is the role of the plasma membrane in bacteria?
- Allow certain ions and molecules to pass in and out of the cell
- Preventing movement of certain ions and molecules
- Respiration
- Photosynthesis
- Synthesis of lipids & cell components
What can you find scattered in the cytoplasm?
- ## Ribosomes
What are ribosomes responsbile for in bacteria and where can they be found?
- Protein synthesis
- Found spread in cytoplasm
