Bacterial Structure and Function

Question 1

How is microbiology defined? provide a definition?

Answer 1

in terms of the size of the organism
the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye

Question 2

what are the techniques used to study organisms?

Answer 2

Cultivation
Aseptic Techniques
Genetic analysis

Question 3

Name 7 ways in which bacteria are important?

Answer 3

1. Medical microbiology and Public health
2. Veterinary microbiology
3. Plant microbiology
4. Microbial ecology and the ecosystem
5. Food microbiology
6. Industrial microbiology
7. Biotechnology

Question 4

What are the two domains of prokaryotes?

Answer 4

1. Archaea
2. Bacteria

Question 5

Name some characteristics of prokaryotes?

Answer 5

• No defined nucleus
  -No membrane bound organelles
• Single loop of DNA containing essential genes
• Plasmids - extrachromosomal DNA codes for extra characteristics

Question 6

Name two basic bacterial shapes?

Answer 6

1. Cocci
2. Bacillus

Question 7

What is the size of E.coli

Answer 7

1.3um x 4um

Question 8

What is the size of Streptococcus?

Answer 8

0.8-1um

Question 9

True/ false
viruses can be seen through a light microscope?

Answer 9

FALSE
Viruses are much smaller bacteria and much harder to see

Question 10

what is the classification of archaea which can be found in extreme environments?

Answer 10

Extremophiles

Question 11

Name some extreme environments in which extremophiles can be found?

Answer 11

• Vents and mines
• Withstanding methane gasses
• High salt concentrations - Dead Sea
  High sulphur concentrations - hydrothermal vents and sulphur seas

Question 12

True/ false
Archaea cell walls have no peptidoglycan?

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

True/ false
Archaea rarely have capsules?

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Where is the genetic material stored within a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 14

the nucleoid