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*MCD Microbiology Y1* > Bacterial Properties > Flashcards

Bacterial Properties Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are bacteria?

A

Small unicellular prokaryotes

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2
Q

Describe Bacterial DNA:

A

Haploid w/circular DNA chromosome

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3
Q

Do bacteria have a cell wall?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What does Gram stain bind to?

A

Peptidoglycan in cell walls

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5
Q

What are beneficial bacteria called?

A

Commensal

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6
Q

Name 5 Gram negative bacteria and the diseases they cause:

A

Escherichia Coli (EPEC -diarrhea, EHEC -dysentry)

Salmonella (typhimurium - food poisoning)

Shigella (Dysentry)

Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)

Neisseria (menningitidus - meningitis. gonorrhoeae - gonorrhea)

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7
Q

Name 3 Gram positive bacteria and the diseases they cause:

A

Staphylococcus aureus (pneumonia, endocarditis)

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media)

Streptococcus pyogenes (tonsilitis, necrotising fasciitis)

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8
Q

Name 2 mycobacteria and the diseases they cause:

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB)

Mycobacterium leprae (Leprosy)

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9
Q

What are the 2 locations a bacterial pathogen can replicate in a host?

A

Extracellular: S. aureus/Strep, neisseria

Intracellular: Listeria, Shigella, Salmonella, Mycobacteria

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10
Q

How do Salmonella and mycobacteria survive inside cells?

A

Present lysosome fusion

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11
Q

What do some bacteria use to inject virulence proteins into cells?

A

Injectisome; translocase complex creates pore in host cell

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12
Q

What is vertical transmission?

A

Binary fission: bacterial replication resulting in inheritance of identical CircDNA

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13
Q

What are the three methods of horizontal gene transfer?

A

Transformation
Conjugation
Transduction

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14
Q

What is transformation?

[horizontal transfer]

A

DNA uptake proteins incorperate DNA released from other sources into genome

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15
Q

What is Conjuative transfer?

A

Mating bridge forms and plasmid replicated and transferred

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16
Q

What is Phage transduction?

A

Bacteriophages infect bacteria and assemble new particles using parts of bacterial DNA, which can then be transferred to other cells

17
Q

What is the name given to regions of DNA that make a bacteria pathenogenic?

A

Pathogenicity island

18
Q

What are the three bacterial shapes?

A

Coccus: Spherical
Bacillus: Cuboidal
Spirilli: Long and spiral shaped

19
Q

Why do Gram-negative bacteria resist staining?

A

Thin layer of peptidoglycan, so lose stain

*MCD Microbiology Y1* (4 decks)

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