Bacterial Pneumonia

Question 1

Define

Answer 1

Acute inflam of lung caused by micro-organisms and characterised by consolidation due to exudate in alveolar space.

Question 2

bronchoPneumonia

Morphological types

Answer 2

Wide spread areas of inflam

Start as Bronchitis/bronchiolitis

In small bronchioles

Localised by rapid neutrophils response

Heal via fibrosis

Recurrence results in permanent damage

Question 3

Lobar Pneumonia

Answer 3

Diffuse consolidation

Due to: spread of infected oedema through pores of Kohn

Limited by fissure/pleura-> segmental/lobar distribution and diffuse involvement

Question 4

Aetiological types

Strep pneumoniae (5)
Staph aureus (4)
H influenza (2)
Pseudomonas (2)
Klebsiella (1)
Anaerobes (3)

Answer 4

Previously healthy (1)

Complications of virus (2)

Chronic bronchitis (2)

Cystic fibrosis (3)

Bronchial tumour (3)

Immunosuppression (5)

Aspiration (1)

Question 5

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Pathological stages

Answer 5

Acute congestion (1-2 days)
Red hepatisation (2-4 days)
Grey hepatisation (2-3 days)
Resolution (>1week)

Question 6

Acute congestion

Answer 6

Acute congestion

Alveoli filled with oedema fluid & pneumococci

Lungs heavy, dark, firm

Question 7

Red Hepatisation

Answer 7

Lung airless, solid, red, firm, granular

Exudate clotted

Serofibrinous pleurisy

Filled: fibrin, rbc, neutrophils, pneumococci

Question 8

Grey Hepatisation

Answer 8

Lessening of capillary congestion

Migrate: neutrophils, macrophages

Shutdown of vasculature to affected lobe-> lessening systemic hypoxia

Cut surface moist

Question 9

Grey Hepatisation

Answer 9

Lessening of capillary congestion

Migrate: neutrophils, macrophages

Shutdown of vasculature to affected lobe-> lessening systemic hypoxia

Cut surface moist

Question 10

Resolution

Answer 10

Type specific to pneumococci antibodies

Phagocytosis

Liquefaction due to frinolytic enzymes from neutrophils

Fluid removed via expectoration through lymphatic

Question 11

Complications

Answer 11

Empyema
Lung abscess
Bronchiectasis
Carnification

Bacteraemia/ septicaemia
Acute endocarditis