Bacterial Pathogens Flashcards
how can bacteria spread into LRT?
direct inhalation, aspiration, spread along mucous membrane surface, hematogenous, direct penetration
defense barriers?
filtration based on size, mucociliary escalator, respiratory tract secretions, localized immune cells/responses
gram positive bugs in lung? + shapes?
staph (clusters), corynebacterium (rods), strep (chains)
acid fast bacteria?
mycobacterium, rod
pleomorphic bug with no cell wall?
mycoplasma
gram negative bugs, shapes?
neisseria (coccus), bordetella (coccobacillus), pseudomonas, legionella, haemophilus (rods)
streptococcus pyogenes:
morphology, disease(s), virulence factors, and vaccine?
G+ cocci, chains;
pharyngitis (strep throat), scarlet fever;
B-hemolytic, hyaluronic capsule, M protein;
no
streptococcus pneumoniae:
morphology, disease(s), virulence factors, and vaccine?
G+ cocci, chains;
otitis media, sinusitis, lobar pneumonia;
a-hemolytic, polysaccharide capsule, pneumolysin;
yes
staph aureus:
morphology, disease(s), virulence factors, and vaccine?
G+ cocci, clusters;
URI, pneumonia;
polysaccharide capsule, protein A, lots of toxins;
no
neisseria meningitidis:
morphology, disease(s), virulence factors, and vaccine?
G- diplococci;
pharyngitis, pneumonia;
polysaccharide capsule, pillin, makes endotoxin;
yes
H. Influenzae:
morphology, disease(s), virulence factors, and vaccine?
G- pleomorphic, short rods;
otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia;
nonencapsulated and encapsulated, several adhesins;
yes
mycobacterium tuberculosis:
morphology, disease(s), virulence factors, and vaccine?
acid-fast rods;
tuberculosis;
acute/latent infections, lipid-rich cell envelope
legionella pneumophila:
morphology, disease(s), virulence factors, and vaccine?
G- rods;
legionairre’s disease and pontiac fever;
opportunistic, numerous enzymes;
no
pseudomonas aeruginosa:
morphology, disease(s), virulence factors, and vaccine?
G- rods;
otitis media, pneumonia;
opportunistic, numerous enzymes, forms biofilms;
no
mycoplasma pneumoniae:
morphology, disease(s), virulence factors, and vaccine?
doesn’t stain, pleomorphic;
tracheobronchitis, atypical pneumonia;
lacks cell wall, P1 adhesin;
no
corynebacterium diptheriae:
morphology, disease(s), virulence factors, and vaccine?
G + rods in club or V shape;
diptheria, pseudomembrane (localized infection) in RT;
diptheria toxin, local and systemic infection;
yes
bordetella pertussis:
morphology, disease(s), virulence factors, and vaccine?
G- pleomorphic, coccobacillus;
pertussis;
pertussis toxin, pertactin, FHA, fimbriae;
yes (waning in efficacy)
what do pathogens use to cause dz w/ adherence and/or invasion to/of RT tissues?
pili, fimbriae, adhesins
what do pathogens use to cause dz w/ secretion of tissue damaging enzymes?
lysins, proteases, elastases
what do pathogens use to cause dz w/ factors that inhibit or neutralize host defense mechanisms?
proteases, capsule to prevent complement
what do pathogens use to cause dz w/ toxins that alter/inactivate host cell functions?
ribosylate G-proteins and EF-2, phospholipases