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Phar 135 Lec 2nd exam > Bacterial Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Eye > Flashcards

Bacterial Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Eye Flashcards

1
Q

name the normal microbial flora in the skin (8)

A 
Pripionibacterium
Staphylococcus
Corynebacterium
Micrococcus
Acinetobacter
Brevibacterium
Candida (fungus)
Malassezia (fungus)
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2
Q

name the normal microbial flora in the eyes/conjunctiva (7)

A 
Staphylococcus epidermidis
S. aureus
diphtheroids
Propionibacterium
Corynebacterium
Streptococci
Micrococcus
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3
Q

T or F

Secretions from sweat and oil contains antimicrobial properties

A

T

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4
Q

T or F

Skin has relatively low moisture content

A

T

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5
Q

resistant barrier in skin

A

keratin

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6
Q

pH of the skin which inhibits many microbes

A

low pH

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7
Q

a continuation of the skin or mucous membranes

A

conjunctiva

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8
Q

T or F

conjunctiva contains basically the same microbiota found on the skin

A

T

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9
Q

[skin lesions]

small fluid filled lesions

A

vesicles

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10
Q

[skin lesions]

larger fluid filled lesions

A

bullae

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11
Q

[skin lesions]

flat lesions that are often reddish

A

macules

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12
Q

[skin lesions]

raised lesions

A

papules

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13
Q

[skin lesions]

raised lesions with pus

A

pustules

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14
Q

3 types of acne

A

comedonal acne
inflammatory acne
nodular cystic acne

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15
Q

other name for blackhead

A

comedone

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16
Q

from lipid oxidation if the blockage protrudes through the skin

A

comedone (blackhead)

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17
Q

enumerate tropical agents that treat comedone

A

retinoids
azelaic acid
salicylic acid preparations

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18
Q

innovator drug (?) of azelaic acid

A

Azelex

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19
Q

derivatives of Vit A used to treat comedone

A

retinoids

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20
Q

examples of retinoids used to treat comedone

A

tretinoin
adapalene
tazarotene

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21
Q

innovator drug(?) of tazarotene

A

Tazorac

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22
Q

innovator drug(?) of adapalene

A

differin

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23
Q

Causative agent of inflammatory acne

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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24
Q

skin lesion classification of inflammatory acne

A

pustule/papule

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25
Q

metabolizes sebum with lipase for glycerol, forming free fatty acids that cause an inflammatory response

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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26
Q

enzyme used by Propionibacterium acnes in metabolizing sebum to glycerol

A

lipase

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27
Q

formed by Propionibacterium acnes that causes inflammatory response in inflammatory acne

A

free fatty acids

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28
Q

non-Rx tx of inflammatory acne

A

preparations with benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin

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29
Q

bonzoly peroxide + Clindamycin

A

BenzaClin

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30
Q

rx tx of inflammatory acne

A

epiduo

isotrexin

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31
Q

topical gel adapalene + benzoyl perxide

A

epiduo

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32
Q

topical gel isotretinoin + erythromycin

A

isotrexin

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33
Q

inflamed lesions filled with pus deep within the skin, leaving prominent scars on the face/upper body

A

nodular cystic acne

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34
Q

tx for nodular cystic acne

A

isotretinoin

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35
Q

oral generic of isotreitnoin

A

roaccutane

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36
Q

roaccutane for what type of acne

A

nodular cystic acne

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37
Q

S/E of isotretinoin – roaccutane

A

ulcerative colitis
teratogenic
inflammatory bowel disease
elevation of liver enzymes and triglycerides

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38
Q

T or F

acne is transmissible

A

F

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39
Q

T or F

more cases of acne in male adults than female adults

A

F

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40
Q

T or F

more cases of acne in adolescent females than males

A

F

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41
Q

T or F
topical agents that enhance sloughing of skin cells could help prevent comedo formation or prevent comedo from becoming pustules/papules

A

T

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42
Q

treatment that should be accompanied by proper birth control in women (atleast 2 methods)

A

isotretinoin

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43
Q

how many birth control methods should accompany isotretinoin in women

A

atleast 2

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44
Q

what should be avoided when using retinoic acid derivatives

A

sun exposure

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45
Q

NAME?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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46
Q

NAME?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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47
Q

enzyme that coagulates (clots) fibrin in blood

A

coagulase

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48
Q

permanent resident of the nasal passages of 20% of the population; 60% carry it occasionally

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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49
Q

Staphylococcus aureus can survive how long in ezposed surfaces

A

months

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50
Q

typically form golden yellow colonies

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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51
Q

most pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus

A

NAME?

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52
Q

caused by Staphylococcus aureus that are life threatening

A

sepsis and enterotoxins that may affect GI tract

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53
Q

virulence factors of S. aureus (9)

A 
Coagulase
Capsule
Epidermolytic toxin
Hyaluronidase
Lipase
Leukocidin
Protein A
Protease
TSS toxin
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54
Q

[virulence factor of S. aureus]

inhibits phagocytosis

A

capsule

55
Q

[virulence factor of S. aureus]

produce clots in capillaries

A

coagulase

56
Q

[virulence factor of S. aureus]

separates layers of epidermis

A

epidermolytic toxin

57
Q

[virulence factor of S. aureus]

breaks down hyaluronic acid component

A

hyaluronidase

58
Q

[virulence factor of S. aureus]

breaks down fat

A

lipase

59
Q

[virulence factor of S. aureus]

kills WBC – produce holes in the cytoplasmic membrane

A

leukocidin

60
Q

[virulence factor of S. aureus]

binds to Fc portion of the Ab thus inhibiting phagocytosis

A

Protein A

61
Q

[virulence factor of S. aureus]

degrade collagen + other tissue proteins

A

protease

62
Q

[virulence factor of S. aureus]

causes rash, diarrhea and shock

A

TSS toxin

63
Q

localized infections from S. aureus entering openings in skin

A

hair follicle infections

64
Q

[hair follicle infection]

small, red bump develops at the site of the hair follicle; often occurs as pimple

A

folliculitis

65
Q

folliculitis often occur as

A

pimple

66
Q

[hair follicle infection]

name 4

A

folliculitis
furuncle
carbuncle
sty

67
Q

[hair follicle infection]
infection extend from the follicle to the adjacent tissues, causing localized redness, swelling, severe tenderness and pain

A

furuncle

68
Q

other name for boil

A

furuncle

69
Q

[hair follicle infection]

forms an abscess, a localized region of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

A

furuncle

70
Q

[hair follicle infection]

large areas of redness, swelling, and pain punctuated by several sites of draining pus

A

carbuncle

71
Q

[hair follicle infection]

hard, round, deep inflammation of tissue under the skin (usually found in thick skin)

A

carbuncle

72
Q

[hair follicle infection]

infected follicle of an eyelash

A

sty

73
Q

Causative agent of hair follicle infections

A

Staphylococcus aureus

74
Q

hair follicle infection spreads to what part of tissue

A

subcutaneous tissue

75
Q

hair follicle infections are mainly distributed by

A

hands

76
Q

tx of hair follicle infection

A

drainage of pus from the lesion and antistaphylococcal drug

isolate should be tested against multiple antimicrobials

77
Q

occurs when toxins enter the bloodstream

A

toxemia

78
Q

2 staphylococcal toxemias

A

scalded skin syndrome

toxic shock syndrome

79
Q

late stages of toxic shock syndrome include ____

A

scalded skin syndrome

80
Q

occurs form staph infections that follow:
nasal surgery in which absorbent packing is used
after surgical incisions
women who just gave birth

A

toxic shock syndrome

81
Q

fever, vomiting, sunburn-like rash followed by shock and organ failure

A

toxic shock syndrome

82
Q

tx of toxic shock syndrome

A 
"PMCCTV"
penicillin
methicillin
cephalosporin or macrolides
clindamycin
telithromycin
vancomycin
83
Q

macrolides used in tx of toxic shock syndrome

A

azithromycin

clarithromycin

84
Q

innovator drug of clarithromycin

A

biaxin

85
Q

innovator drug telithromycin

A

ketek

86
Q

disease presents as a lesion around the nose and mouth, then develops into a brightened area and spreads

A

scalded skin syndrome

87
Q

other name for scalded skin syndrome

A

Ritter’s disease

Pemphigus neonatorum

88
Q

CA of scalded skin syndrome

A

Staphylococcus aureus

89
Q

symptoms include:

scalded skin, fever, malaise, irritability, painful nose, mouth and genitalia

A

scalded skin syndrome

90
Q

symptoms:

48 hours after redness skin becomes wrinkled and large blisters filled with clear fluid develop

A

scalded skin syndrome

91
Q

lab diagnosis of scalded skin syndrome (2)

A

gram stained smears

cultures from blood, skin, nose or sputum

92
Q

exfoliative toxin produce by S. auries strain

A

Toxin B

93
Q

transmission of scalded skin syndrome

A

person to person

94
Q

describe epidemiology of scalded skin syndrome

A

any age but frequently in

95
Q

scalded skin syndrome in newborn infants

A

Pemphigus neonatorum

96
Q

tx of scalded skin syndrome

A

protective isolation
bactericidal antistaphylococcal
antibiotics
remove dead skin and tissue to px secondary infection with gram - bateria and fungi

97
Q

should be to patient with scalded skin syndrome to px secondary infection with gram - bacteria and fungi

A

remove dead skin and tissue

98
Q

2 types of impetigo

A

bullous

non-bullous

99
Q

[impetigo]

large blisters, circumscribed lesions and thin collarette of scale

A

bullous

100
Q

[impetigo]

vesicles, pustules and shaprly demarcated regions of Honey- colored crusts/flaky scabs

A

non-bullous

101
Q

more common type of impetigo

A

non-bullous

102
Q

T or F

Both bullous and non-bullous are very superficial and itchy

A

T

103
Q

CA of impetigo

A

GABHS

S. aureus

104
Q

aka non bullous impetigo

A

impetiho contagiosa

105
Q

nun-bullous impetigo CA

A

GABHS

S. aureus

106
Q

non-bullous impetigo often start with what CA

A

GABHS

107
Q

[impetigo]

initiated by microbes entering the skin through minor breaks aka impetiginous dermatitis

A

non-bullous impetigo

108
Q

[impetigo]

CA agent of bullous

A

Staphylococcus aureus

109
Q

[impetigo]

affects intact skin, where epidermolytic toxin produce large blisters

A

bullous

110
Q

how long does impetigo heal with tx

A

7-10 days

111
Q

how long does impetigo heal without tx

A

2-3 weeks

112
Q

may result to post inflammatory hypo/hyperpigmentation

A

impetigo

113
Q

deep dermal infection that leads to scarring in impetigo

A

ecthyma

114
Q

APSGN meaning

A

acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

115
Q

[post inflammatory hypo/hyperpigmentation in impetigo]

common in children ages 3-7 yrs old

A

acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

116
Q

post inflammatory hypo/hyperpigmentation in impetigo

appears 18-21 days post infection

A

acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

117
Q

T or F

acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis can be prevented by antibiotics

A

F

118
Q

diagnosed by fluid from lesion cultured in blood agar

A

impetigo

119
Q

transmission of impetigo

A

colonization of normal skin by direct /indirect contact

120
Q

T or F

impetigo can be transmitted by fomites

A

T

121
Q

most common skin infection in children

A

impetigo contagiosa

122
Q

how to prevent impetigo

A

cleanliness

care of skin injuries

123
Q

factors that increase risk of impetigo

A

skin disruption
immunosuppresion
colonization (crowded living conditions)

124
Q

tx of impetigo (2)

A

local wound care

antibiotic therapy

125
Q

local wound care of impetigo

A

gentle cleansing/ removal of crusts in non-bullous

frequent application of wet dressings on area with lesions

126
Q

anribiotic therapy in impetigo if only small areas are involved

A

topical mupirocin or retapamulin

127
Q

antibiotic therapy in impetigo

A

topical mupirocin or retapamulin
B-lactam drugs (penicillin: oral or topical)
IVF

128
Q

antibiotic therapy for impetigo with large areas of denuded skin

A

IVF

129
Q

G (+) or G (-)

Streptococci

A

G (+)

130
Q

+ or -

catalase in streptococci

A

catalase (-)

131
Q

arrangement and shape of streptococci

A

spherical, in chains

132
Q 
causes: :SOME PPD"
meningitis
pneumonia
sore throats
otitis media
endocarditis
puerpueral fever
dental carries
A

streptococci

133
Q

enzymes secreted by streptococci that lyse red blood cells and any type of cell

A

hemolysins

Phar 135 Lec 2nd exam (1 decks)

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