Bacterial Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Eye Flashcards
1
Q
name the normal microbial flora in the skin (8)
A
Pripionibacterium Staphylococcus Corynebacterium Micrococcus Acinetobacter Brevibacterium Candida (fungus) Malassezia (fungus)
2
Q
name the normal microbial flora in the eyes/conjunctiva (7)
A
Staphylococcus epidermidis S. aureus diphtheroids Propionibacterium Corynebacterium Streptococci Micrococcus
3
Q
T or F
Secretions from sweat and oil contains antimicrobial properties
A
T
4
Q
T or F
Skin has relatively low moisture content
A
T
5
Q
resistant barrier in skin
A
keratin
6
Q
pH of the skin which inhibits many microbes
A
low pH
7
Q
a continuation of the skin or mucous membranes
A
conjunctiva
8
Q
T or F
conjunctiva contains basically the same microbiota found on the skin
A
T
9
Q
[skin lesions]
small fluid filled lesions
A
vesicles
10
Q
[skin lesions]
larger fluid filled lesions
A
bullae
11
Q
[skin lesions]
flat lesions that are often reddish
A
macules
12
Q
[skin lesions]
raised lesions
A
papules
13
Q
[skin lesions]
raised lesions with pus
A
pustules
14
Q
3 types of acne
A
comedonal acne
inflammatory acne
nodular cystic acne
15
Q
other name for blackhead
A
comedone
16
Q
from lipid oxidation if the blockage protrudes through the skin
A
comedone (blackhead)
17
Q
enumerate tropical agents that treat comedone
A
retinoids
azelaic acid
salicylic acid preparations
18
Q
innovator drug (?) of azelaic acid
A
Azelex
19
Q
derivatives of Vit A used to treat comedone
A
retinoids
20
Q
examples of retinoids used to treat comedone
A
tretinoin
adapalene
tazarotene
21
Q
innovator drug(?) of tazarotene
A
Tazorac
22
Q
innovator drug(?) of adapalene
A
differin
23
Q
Causative agent of inflammatory acne
A
Propionibacterium acnes
24
Q
skin lesion classification of inflammatory acne
A
pustule/papule
25
metabolizes sebum with lipase for glycerol, forming free fatty acids that cause an inflammatory response
Propionibacterium acnes
26
enzyme used by Propionibacterium acnes in metabolizing sebum to glycerol
lipase
27
formed by Propionibacterium acnes that causes inflammatory response in inflammatory acne
free fatty acids
28
non-Rx tx of inflammatory acne
preparations with benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin
29
bonzoly peroxide + Clindamycin
BenzaClin
30
rx tx of inflammatory acne
epiduo
| isotrexin
31
topical gel adapalene + benzoyl perxide
epiduo
32
topical gel isotretinoin + erythromycin
isotrexin
33
inflamed lesions filled with pus deep within the skin, leaving prominent scars on the face/upper body
nodular cystic acne
34
tx for nodular cystic acne
isotretinoin
35
oral generic of isotreitnoin
roaccutane
36
roaccutane for what type of acne
nodular cystic acne
37
S/E of isotretinoin -- roaccutane
ulcerative colitis
teratogenic
inflammatory bowel disease
elevation of liver enzymes and triglycerides
38
T or F
| acne is transmissible
F
39
T or F
| more cases of acne in male adults than female adults
F
40
T or F
| more cases of acne in adolescent females than males
F
41
T or F
topical agents that enhance sloughing of skin cells could help prevent comedo formation or prevent comedo from becoming pustules/papules
T
42
treatment that should be accompanied by proper birth control in women (atleast 2 methods)
isotretinoin
43
how many birth control methods should accompany isotretinoin in women
atleast 2
44
what should be avoided when using retinoic acid derivatives
sun exposure
45
#NAME?
Staphylococcus aureus
46
#NAME?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
47
enzyme that coagulates (clots) fibrin in blood
coagulase
48
permanent resident of the nasal passages of 20% of the population; 60% carry it occasionally
Staphylococcus aureus
49
Staphylococcus aureus can survive how long in ezposed surfaces
months
50
typically form golden yellow colonies
Staphylococcus aureus
51
most pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus
#NAME?
52
caused by Staphylococcus aureus that are life threatening
sepsis and enterotoxins that may affect GI tract
53
virulence factors of S. aureus (9)
```
Coagulase
Capsule
Epidermolytic toxin
Hyaluronidase
Lipase
Leukocidin
Protein A
Protease
TSS toxin
```
54
[virulence factor of S. aureus]
| inhibits phagocytosis
capsule
55
[virulence factor of S. aureus]
| produce clots in capillaries
coagulase
56
[virulence factor of S. aureus]
| separates layers of epidermis
epidermolytic toxin
57
[virulence factor of S. aureus]
| breaks down hyaluronic acid component
hyaluronidase
58
[virulence factor of S. aureus]
| breaks down fat
lipase
59
[virulence factor of S. aureus]
| kills WBC -- produce holes in the cytoplasmic membrane
leukocidin
60
[virulence factor of S. aureus]
| binds to Fc portion of the Ab thus inhibiting phagocytosis
Protein A
61
[virulence factor of S. aureus]
| degrade collagen + other tissue proteins
protease
62
[virulence factor of S. aureus]
| causes rash, diarrhea and shock
TSS toxin
63
localized infections from S. aureus entering openings in skin
hair follicle infections
64
[hair follicle infection]
| small, red bump develops at the site of the hair follicle; often occurs as pimple
folliculitis
65
folliculitis often occur as
pimple
66
[hair follicle infection]
| name 4
folliculitis
furuncle
carbuncle
sty
67
[hair follicle infection]
infection extend from the follicle to the adjacent tissues, causing localized redness, swelling, severe tenderness and pain
furuncle
68
other name for boil
furuncle
69
[hair follicle infection]
| forms an abscess, a localized region of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
furuncle
70
[hair follicle infection]
| large areas of redness, swelling, and pain punctuated by several sites of draining pus
carbuncle
71
[hair follicle infection]
| hard, round, deep inflammation of tissue under the skin (usually found in thick skin)
carbuncle
72
[hair follicle infection]
| infected follicle of an eyelash
sty
73
Causative agent of hair follicle infections
Staphylococcus aureus
74
hair follicle infection spreads to what part of tissue
subcutaneous tissue
75
hair follicle infections are mainly distributed by
hands
76
tx of hair follicle infection
drainage of pus from the lesion and antistaphylococcal drug
isolate should be tested against multiple antimicrobials
77
occurs when toxins enter the bloodstream
toxemia
78
2 staphylococcal toxemias
scalded skin syndrome
| toxic shock syndrome
79
late stages of toxic shock syndrome include ____
scalded skin syndrome
80
occurs form staph infections that follow:
nasal surgery in which absorbent packing is used
after surgical incisions
women who just gave birth
toxic shock syndrome
81
fever, vomiting, sunburn-like rash followed by shock and organ failure
toxic shock syndrome
82
tx of toxic shock syndrome
```
"PMCCTV"
penicillin
methicillin
cephalosporin or macrolides
clindamycin
telithromycin
vancomycin
```
83
macrolides used in tx of toxic shock syndrome
azithromycin
| clarithromycin
84
innovator drug of clarithromycin
biaxin
85
innovator drug telithromycin
ketek
86
disease presents as a lesion around the nose and mouth, then develops into a brightened area and spreads
scalded skin syndrome
87
other name for scalded skin syndrome
Ritter's disease
| Pemphigus neonatorum
88
CA of scalded skin syndrome
Staphylococcus aureus
89
symptoms include:
| scalded skin, fever, malaise, irritability, painful nose, mouth and genitalia
scalded skin syndrome
90
symptoms:
| 48 hours after redness skin becomes wrinkled and large blisters filled with clear fluid develop
scalded skin syndrome
91
lab diagnosis of scalded skin syndrome (2)
gram stained smears
| cultures from blood, skin, nose or sputum
92
exfoliative toxin produce by S. auries strain
Toxin B
93
transmission of scalded skin syndrome
person to person
94
describe epidemiology of scalded skin syndrome
any age but frequently in
95
scalded skin syndrome in newborn infants
Pemphigus neonatorum
96
tx of scalded skin syndrome
protective isolation
bactericidal antistaphylococcal
antibiotics
remove dead skin and tissue to px secondary infection with gram - bateria and fungi
97
should be to patient with scalded skin syndrome to px secondary infection with gram - bacteria and fungi
remove dead skin and tissue
98
2 types of impetigo
bullous
| non-bullous
99
[impetigo]
| large blisters, circumscribed lesions and thin collarette of scale
bullous
100
[impetigo]
| vesicles, pustules and shaprly demarcated regions of Honey- colored crusts/flaky scabs
non-bullous
101
more common type of impetigo
non-bullous
102
T or F
| Both bullous and non-bullous are very superficial and itchy
T
103
CA of impetigo
GABHS
| S. aureus
104
aka non bullous impetigo
impetiho contagiosa
105
nun-bullous impetigo CA
GABHS
| S. aureus
106
non-bullous impetigo often start with what CA
GABHS
107
[impetigo]
| initiated by microbes entering the skin through minor breaks aka impetiginous dermatitis
non-bullous impetigo
108
[impetigo]
| CA agent of bullous
Staphylococcus aureus
109
[impetigo]
| affects intact skin, where epidermolytic toxin produce large blisters
bullous
110
how long does impetigo heal with tx
7-10 days
111
how long does impetigo heal without tx
2-3 weeks
112
may result to post inflammatory hypo/hyperpigmentation
impetigo
113
deep dermal infection that leads to scarring in impetigo
ecthyma
114
APSGN meaning
acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
115
[post inflammatory hypo/hyperpigmentation in impetigo]
| common in children ages 3-7 yrs old
acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
116
post inflammatory hypo/hyperpigmentation in impetigo
| appears 18-21 days post infection
acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
117
T or F
| acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis can be prevented by antibiotics
F
118
diagnosed by fluid from lesion cultured in blood agar
impetigo
119
transmission of impetigo
colonization of normal skin by direct /indirect contact
120
T or F
| impetigo can be transmitted by fomites
T
121
most common skin infection in children
impetigo contagiosa
122
how to prevent impetigo
cleanliness
| care of skin injuries
123
factors that increase risk of impetigo
skin disruption
immunosuppresion
colonization (crowded living conditions)
124
tx of impetigo (2)
local wound care
| antibiotic therapy
125
local wound care of impetigo
gentle cleansing/ removal of crusts in non-bullous
| frequent application of wet dressings on area with lesions
126
anribiotic therapy in impetigo if only small areas are involved
topical mupirocin or retapamulin
127
antibiotic therapy in impetigo
topical mupirocin or retapamulin
B-lactam drugs (penicillin: oral or topical)
IVF
128
antibiotic therapy for impetigo with large areas of denuded skin
IVF
129
G (+) or G (-)
| Streptococci
G (+)
130
+ or -
| catalase in streptococci
catalase (-)
131
arrangement and shape of streptococci
spherical, in chains
132
```
causes: :SOME PPD"
meningitis
pneumonia
sore throats
otitis media
endocarditis
puerpueral fever
dental carries
```
streptococci
133
enzymes secreted by streptococci that lyse red blood cells and any type of cell
hemolysins
