Bacterial Infections of the Newborn Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the significance of maternal IgG

A

Can protect against blood-borne infections for weeks to months after birth

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2
Q

What immune protection can breast feeding help with?

A

Can protect newborns against pathogens that invade the GI tract via transferring specific immunoglobulins (especially IgA)

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3
Q

What are the unique susceptibilities faced by neonates?

A

Neonates are not fully immunocompetent until > 2 y.o.

  • Poor antibody response to polysaccharides
  • Decreased phagocytic capacity
  • Lower levels of complement components
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4
Q

What is and what leads to chorioamnionitis?

A

Inflammatory response that involves the chorionic and amniotic fetal membranes.

Risk increases rapidly when membranes are ruptured more than 12 hours before birth.

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5
Q

Three ays we classify infection time periods

  • Natal/perinatal
  • Congenital
  • Post natal

Distinguish these.

A

Natal - acquired during delivery usually from the genital tract

Congenital - Any time before or after birth

Postnatal - acquired after delivery and up through first 4 weeks of life

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6
Q

For the millionth time, and don’t worry because I get these mixed up all the time, outline the lab/histo findings for Group B Strep

A
  • Gram positive
  • cocci, often in chains
  • Beta hemolytic
  • Bacitracin resistant
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7
Q

Out of newborns, infants, children, adults, who gets Group B Strep and why? What else does this group get?

A

Newborns because GBS is found in the vaginal canal in 40% of women.

Also:

  • E. Coli
  • Listeria monocytogenes
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8
Q

What bacteria do infants get?

A
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • H. Influenza
  • Strep Pneumoniae
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9
Q

What bacteria do children get?

A
  • N. Meningitidis like in infants

- Strep Pneumoniae like in infants

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10
Q

What bacteria do adults get?

A
  • S. Pneumoniae like infants and children
  • N. Meningitidis like in infants and children
  • Mycobacteria
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11
Q

Discuss the lab findings for E. Coli K1

A
  • Gram negative
  • Rod
  • Ferments lactose
  • Contains K1 - Sialic acid capsule that is antiphagocytic and not recognized as foreign so antibodies are not made against it
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12
Q

Discuss the lab findings for listeria monocytogenes and how we usually come across it

A
  • Gram positive rod
  • catalase and CAMP test positive
  • Usually from food like hot dogs or cold meats or unpasteurized cheese

Infection in pregnant women can lead to miscarriage or still birth

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13
Q

Discuss the lab findings for Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

A
  • Gram negative
  • Diplococcus
  • Oxidase positive
  • Need enriched chocolate agar to grow
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14
Q

Gonorrhoeae presentation

A

Lid edema, erythema, and purulent discharge (severe conjunctivitis) in neonate born vaginally of infected mother.

Note: bilateral; appears 3-5 days after birth (incubation period)

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15
Q

Clinical presentation of congenital chlamydia

A

Can cause conjunctivitis and pneumonia in newborn
– the incubation period is 5 to 12 days.
– clinical features include unilateral conjunctivitis and concomitant otitis media or pneumonia

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16
Q

How is syphillis given congenitally and what are its lab findings?

A

Spirochete, seen on dark-field, can’t Gram stain or culture

Infects transplacentally from blood of mother with syphilis