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micro GI > Bacterial GI 1 > Flashcards

Bacterial GI 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnosis of diarrhea

A

Passage of 3 or more loose or liquid stools per day

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2
Q

Diarrhea is the leading cause of ___ in children under 5

A

Malnutrition

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3
Q

What is the most likely mode of transmission of GI infections?

A

Fecal-oral route

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4
Q

Which GI host defenses can actually trigger bacterial virulence

A

Mucus

Bile

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5
Q

Benefits of GI microbiota

A

Competitive exclusion

Digest indigestible materials

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6
Q

Negatives of GI microbiota

A

Effects on immunity

Can digest food into carcinogens

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7
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach

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8
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

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9
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent loose and fluid-filled stools

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10
Q

Dysentery

A

Inflammatory disorder of the GI tract

Blood/pus in feces, pain, fever, abdominal cramps

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11
Q

Enteritis

A

Inflammation of the intestines, especially the small intestine

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12
Q

Enterocolitis

A

Inflammation of the mucosa of the small and large intestine

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13
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the large intestine

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14
Q

Symptoms of patient with inflammatory GI bacteria

A

More likely to see occult or visible blood

More likely to see fecal leukocytes

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15
Q

Non-inflammatory GI bacteria

A

Some do not produce known toxins and just bind to epithelial cells
OR
Some secrete non-cytotoxic toxins

Both result in increased electrolyte and water efflux

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16
Q

1-8 hours after ingestion of GI bacterial-infected food

A

Preformed toxin

S. aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum

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17
Q

8-16 hours after ingestion of GI bacterial-infected food

A

Production of toxin after ingestion

Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum

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18
Q

16+ hours after ingestion of GI bacterial-infected food

A

Adherence, growth, and virulence factor production

Shigella, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, EHEC, EPEC, ETEC, EIEC, Campylobacter, Vibrio

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19
Q

Two types of food poisoning

A

Preformed toxins

Spore ingestion/germination

20
Q

Symptoms of food poisoning

A

Diarrhea, vomiting, or both

NO FEVER

21
Q

Four causes of food poisoning

A

S. aureus
Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium perfringens

Bacillus cereus

22
Q

S. aureus features and disease causative agent

A

Gram-positive cocci, non-spore forming

Ingestion of a preformed toxin

23
Q

S. aureus pathogenesis and treatment for food poisoning

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain 1-8 hours after consumption
Heat-stable toxin

Supportive therapy

24
Q

Clostridium botulinum features and disease causative agents

A

Gram-positive rod, spore forming

Botulism toxin

25
Q

Clostridium botulinum pathogenesis for food poisoning

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain 1-8 hours (preformed toxin) or 8-16 hours (spores)
Progresses to flaccid paralysis, muscle weakness, respiratory arrest

26
Q

Clostridium botulinum complications and treatment for food poisoning

A

Lingering weakness and dyspnea up to 1 year after primary disease
Supportive therapy and IV anti-toxin administration

27
Q

Clostridium perfringens features and disease causative agents for food poisoning

A

Gram-positive rod, spore forming

C. perfringens enterotoxin

28
Q

Clostridium perfringens pathogenesis and treatment for food poisoning

A

Enterotoxin associated with meat held at below recommended temperatures
8-16 hours, diarrhea and abdominal cramps lasting for about 24 hours

Supportive therapy

29
Q

Bacillus cereus features and causative agent for food poisoning

A 
Gram-positive, spore forming
Preformed toxin (emetic form)

Production of toxins (diarrheal form)

30
Q

Bacillus cereus emetic food poisoning pathogenesis

A

Vomiting, nausea, abdominal cramps 1-8 hours after ingestion

Heat-stable enterotoxin associated with rice

31
Q

Bacillus cereus diarrheal food poisoning pathogenesis

A

Diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramps 8-16 hours after ingestion
Heat-liable enterotoxin is produced in the intestine, associated with meat and vegetables

32
Q

Bacillus cereus food poisoning treatment

A

Supportive therapy

33
Q

H. pylori features and disease

A

Gram-negative, curved rod, microaerophilic

Ulcers and chronic gastritis

34
Q

H. pylori pathogenesis

A

Flagella
Urease

Cytotoxin - VacA

Adhesins

35
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori

A

Urea breath test, biopsy

Combo of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors

36
Q

Listeria monocytogenes features and resistances

A

Gram positive rods, facultative anaerobes
Intracellular pathogen

Wide temperature growth range, resistance to high salt concentration, and wide pH range

37
Q

Clinical manifestations of Listeria monocytogenes in healthy adults

A

Usually asymptomatic

May have fever, nausea, and/or diarrhea

38
Q

Clinical manifestations of Listeria monocytogenes in immunocompromised adults

A

Bacteremia

Meningitis and encephalitis

39
Q

Clinical manifestations of Listeria monocytogenes in pregnancy

A

There is a risk of transmission to neonate

40
Q

Granulomatosis infantiseptica

A

Pyogenic granulomas distributed over the whole body

In utero transmission can result in premature birth or abortion, or have a later onset (2-3 weeks after birth)

41
Q

Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis

A

Adhesion and uptake
Internalized into endocytic vacuole

Acidification and escape

Replication in cytosol

Spread to other cells

Disseminated infection

42
Q

Internalin-A

A

Adherence and induced uptake for Listeria monocytogenes

43
Q

LLO

A

Disrupt vacuole membrane to allow for escape into cytosol for Listeria monocytogenes

44
Q

ActA

A

Mediates actin polymerization, which allows bacteria to spread to neighboring cells and blood stream

45
Q

Listeria monocytogenes diagnosis

A

Microscopy is INSENSITIVE

Cold enrichment selection of CSF culture, weak beta-hemolysis on blood agar

46
Q

Listeria monocytogenes treatment and prevention

A

Beta-lactam or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

No vaccine

micro GI (2 decks)

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