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[4] BACTERIAL GENETICS > BACTERIAL GENETICS - ANTIPALA DISCUSSION NOTES > Flashcards

BACTERIAL GENETICS - ANTIPALA DISCUSSION NOTES Flashcards

1
Q

genetic information in the cell

A

Genome

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2
Q

involves all characteristics, structure of cell wall

A

Genome

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3
Q

segments in DNA

A

Genes

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4
Q

specific sequences

A

Genes

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5
Q

codes for all the info for all

A

Genotype

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6
Q

particular characteristics of the organism

A

Genotype

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7
Q

actual and expressed property

A

Phenotype

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8
Q

manifestation of the genotype

A

Phenotype

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9
Q

allows the flow of genetic information from one

generation to another

A

DNA REPLICATION

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10
Q

synthesis of duplicate DNA initiated by the parent

molecule

A

DNA REPLICATION

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11
Q

DNA unwinds and the strand separate

A

INITIATION

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12
Q

each strand can act as a TEMPLATE

A

INITIATION

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13
Q

each strand can act as a TEMPLATE

A

INITIATION

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14
Q

Helicase

A

INITIATION

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15
Q

replicates in a SEMICONSERVATIVE MANNER

A

INITIATION

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16
Q

synthesis of new polynucleotide strand of DNA for each

old strand

A

ELONGATION

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17
Q

DNA POLYMERASE

A

ELONGATION

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18
Q

bidirectional

A

DNA REPLICATION: BACTERIA

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19
Q

two replication forks move in opposite directions away

from the origin

A

DNA REPLICATION: BACTERIA

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20
Q

synthesis of the complementary strand of RNA from

DNA template

A

TRANSCRIPTION

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21
Q

binds to the PROMOTER in one strand of the

DNA onlY

A

RNA Polymerase

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22
Q

RNA Polymerase direction

A

5’ – 3’ direction

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23
Q

RNA Polymerase stops at the

A

TERMINATOR

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24
Q

decoding of nucleic acids coded as CODONS in mRNA

A

TRANSLATION

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25
Q

codon sequence =

A

amino acid sequence

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26
Q

Types of codons:

A

Sense codons

Non-sense codons

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27
Q

code for amino acids; do not code for amino acids

A

Sense codons; Non-sense/Stop codons

28
Q

ROLE OF RIBOSOME

A

Direct orderly binding of tRNA to codons

Assemble amino acids into a chain

29
Q

DNA TRANSLATION: BACTERIA

AUG codes for [?] instead of
METHIONINE

A

FORMYLMETHIONINE

30
Q

carries the coded information for making specific proteins from DNA to ribosomes

A

MESSENGER RNA (mRNA)

31
Q

Adenine is paired with Uracil instead of Thymine

A

MESSENGER RNA (mRNA)

32
Q

“reads” the codons on mRNA

A

TRANSFER RNA (tRNA)

33
Q

Recognizes the specific codons

A

TRANSFER RNA (tRNA)

34
Q

Transport amino acids

A

TRANSFER RNA (tRNA)

35
Q

has anticodons; Sequence of bases complementary to each codon at one end while carrying an amino acid

A

TRANSFER RNA (tRNA)

36
Q

MUTATION

A 
 Base Substitution
 Missense Mutation
 Non-Sense Mutation
 Frameshift Mutation
 Spontaneous Mutatio
37
Q

transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another

A

Genetic exchange

38
Q

unidirectional transfer

A

Genetic exchange

39
Q

incorporation of newly acquired genes to the chromosome of the recipient cell

A

Genetic recombination

40
Q

transfer via cell to cell contact

A

CONJUGATION

41
Q

direct tranfer of DNA

A

CONJUGATION

42
Q

mediated by the F-factor

A

CONJUGATION

43
Q

2 STATES OF PLASMID

A
  1. ) FREE STATE: F+ cell

2. ) INTEGRATED STATE: Hfr cell

44
Q

“High Frequency of Recombination”

A

INTEGRATED STATE: Hfr cell

45
Q

TYPES OF CONJUGATION

A
  1. ) F+ Cell x F- Cell conjugation

2. ) HFR Cell S F+ Cell conjugation

46
Q

STEPS IN:

1.) F+ Cell x F- Cell conjugation

A
  1. Attachment of sex pilus to the recipient cell
  2. Replication of F-Factor and transfer to recipient cell
  3. Sepration of 2 cells
  4. sex pilus breaks
47
Q

F factor replication is also known as

A

“rolling circle mechanism”

48
Q

STEPS IN:

2.) HFR Cell S F+ Cell conjugation

A
  1. Attachment of 2 cells
  2. Replication and transfer of BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME
  3. Recombination
  4. Donor hrf cell
49
Q

TRANSFORMATION is also known as

A

“DNA scavenging”

50
Q

uptake of free/naked DNA

A

TRANSFORMATION

51
Q

DNA from lysed bacteria

A

TRANSFORMATION

52
Q

Competent recipient - ability to take up DNA

A

TRANSFORMATION

53
Q

Competent recipient is also known as

A

“TRANSFORMANT”

54
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING COMPETENCY

A
  1. ) RELATEDNESS OF SPECIES

2. ) INCREASED MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY

55
Q

Experimented on S. pneumniae

A

FREDERICK GRIFFITH

56
Q

occuring as encapsulated and uncapsulated

A

S. pneumniae

57
Q

“BACTERIOPHAGE-MEDIATED”

A

TRANSDUCTION

58
Q

carrries chromosomal DNA in transduction

A

VIRUS

59
Q

has core and coat; DNA or RNA

A

“BATERIOPHAGE”

60
Q

TYPES OF TRANSDUCTION

A

GENERALIZED TRANSDUCTION; SPECIALIZED TRANSDUCTION

61
Q

cause bacterial lysis; initiates the lytic cycle

A

VIRULENT PHAGES

62
Q

PHASES OF GT

A
  1. injection of virus DNA
  2. maturation of the phages
  3. lysis of host cell
63
Q

PHAGES FOR GENERALIZED TRANSDUCTION

A

VIRULENT PHAGES

64
Q

PHAGES FOR SECIALIZED TRANSDUCTION

A

TEMPERATE PHAGES

65
Q

STABLE relationship with bacteria; “LYSOGENY”

A

TEMPERATE PHAGES

66
Q

Application of LYSOGENY

A 
 erythrogenic toxin
 diptheria toxin
 botulinum toxin
 not every DNA can be packaged
specialized transducing particle
injection then recombination

[4] BACTERIAL GENETICS (2 decks)

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