Bacterial diversity

Question 1

Phenetic

Answer 1

Type of older classification method
-group organisms based on similarity of phenotypic characteristics: shape, endospore, energy metabolism

Question 2

Problems with phenetic

Answer 2

-Many phenetically defined taxa are not phylogenetically related
-Wrong phenetic traits wre given large weight like photosynthetic ability

Question 3

Phylogenetic

Answer 3

Based on evolutionary relationship
-uses 16S rRNA sequences

Question 4

Genetic change drivers

Answer 4

Mutation
Conjugation
Transduction: DNA is transferred from one B to another by a virus (frequently occurs in nature)
Transfromation: Transfer DNA from donor to recepient as naked DNA in solution (DNA is excreted or cell lysis and DNA is taken up by another bacterium)

Question 5

3 domain system

Answer 5

Pro have existed for 3.5 billion years and Eu have been around for 1.5 billion
Bacteria
Archae
Eukarya

Question 6

Physiochemical properties of domains

Question 7

E of diversity

Answer 7

-Cell structure: Gram types, Mycoplasms dont have PG, infusion bodies, capsule
-Metabolic capabilities and distribution: soil, water and air
-Pathogenicity and symbiosis
-Motility and taxis: Ability of an organism to respond to a stimulus or stimulus gradient

Question 8

Nutrional types

Question 9

Caulbacter

Answer 9

Alpha
-stalked B found in lakes

Question 10

Hyphomicrobium

Answer 10

budding B found in lakes

Question 11

Agrobacterium

Answer 11

insert a plasmid into plant cells to induce a tumor (crown gall)
-Foundation of many GMO by using plasmid to put genes of interest into plant
-alpha

Question 12

Azospirillum

Answer 12

Grown in soil by using nutrients excretd by plants
fix N
Alpha

Question 13

Rhizobium

Answer 13

Fix n in roots of plants

Question 14

Alphaproteabacteria

Answer 14

Caulbacter
Hyphomicrobium
Agrobacterium
Azospirillum
Rhizobium

Question 15

Gammaproteabacteria

Answer 15

Escherichia
Proteus mirabilis

Question 16

Proteus mirabilis

Answer 16

Gamma
It can swarm
Swarm differentiation occurs when many cells migrate across and on top of a surface in clear coordination, as indicated via a specific wave pattern.
The swarm cell differentiated state allows cells to only move in groups, which is useful for finding nutrients

Question 17

Bdellovibrio

Answer 17

Delta
Prey on other B
-Swims and rapidly rams into B
-Screws into cell wall and uses cohesive enzymes to grow in between cell wall and membrane

Question 18

Myxococcales

Answer 18

-Gliding
-cells aggregate to form myxospores
-long term surviavl start and it is a multicellular structure that is an example of B communication
-delta

Question 19

Deltaproteabacteria

Answer 19

Myxococcales
bdellovibrio

Question 20

Epsilonproteobacteria

Answer 20

Helicobacter
-Multiple flagella
-peptic ulcers stomach cancer