Bacterial diversity Flashcards
Phenetic
Type of older classification method
-group organisms based on similarity of phenotypic characteristics: shape, endospore, energy metabolism
Problems with phenetic
-Many phenetically defined taxa are not phylogenetically related
-Wrong phenetic traits wre given large weight like photosynthetic ability
Phylogenetic
Based on evolutionary relationship
-uses 16S rRNA sequences
Genetic change drivers
Mutation
Conjugation
Transduction: DNA is transferred from one B to another by a virus (frequently occurs in nature)
Transfromation: Transfer DNA from donor to recepient as naked DNA in solution (DNA is excreted or cell lysis and DNA is taken up by another bacterium)
3 domain system
Pro have existed for 3.5 billion years and Eu have been around for 1.5 billion
Bacteria
Archae
Eukarya
Physiochemical properties of domains
E of diversity
-Cell structure: Gram types, Mycoplasms dont have PG, infusion bodies, capsule
-Metabolic capabilities and distribution: soil, water and air
-Pathogenicity and symbiosis
-Motility and taxis: Ability of an organism to respond to a stimulus or stimulus gradient
Nutrional types
Caulbacter
Alpha
-stalked B found in lakes
Hyphomicrobium
budding B found in lakes
Agrobacterium
insert a plasmid into plant cells to induce a tumor (crown gall)
-Foundation of many GMO by using plasmid to put genes of interest into plant
-alpha
Azospirillum
Grown in soil by using nutrients excretd by plants
fix N
Alpha
Rhizobium
Fix n in roots of plants
Alphaproteabacteria
Caulbacter
Hyphomicrobium
Agrobacterium
Azospirillum
Rhizobium
Gammaproteabacteria
Escherichia
Proteus mirabilis
Proteus mirabilis
Gamma
It can swarm
Swarm differentiation occurs when many cells migrate across and on top of a surface in clear coordination, as indicated via a specific wave pattern.
The swarm cell differentiated state allows cells to only move in groups, which is useful for finding nutrients
Bdellovibrio
Delta
Prey on other B
-Swims and rapidly rams into B
-Screws into cell wall and uses cohesive enzymes to grow in between cell wall and membrane
Myxococcales
-Gliding
-cells aggregate to form myxospores
-long term surviavl start and it is a multicellular structure that is an example of B communication
-delta
Deltaproteabacteria
Myxococcales
bdellovibrio
Epsilonproteobacteria
Helicobacter
-Multiple flagella
-peptic ulcers stomach cancer
