bacterial culture growth curve Flashcards
observed when microbes are cultivated in batch culture=
closed vessel, limited nutrients
usually plotted as
logarithm of cell number vs time
has 4 phases
Lag
Exponential (Log)
Stationary
Death (Decline)
Lag phase
no increase in cell numbers
Exponential (Log)
maximal rate of division and population growth
Stationary
population growth ceases - death rate = division
death (decline)
population number decreases
in the LAG PHASE cells are
synthesizing new components
in the LAG PHASE cells are preparing for
exponential phase (dedicated growth)
in the LAG PHASE cells are replenishing
spent materials, making new ones
in the LAG PHASE cells are adapting to
new medium or other conditions
in the LAG PHASE cells are repairing
damage
the LAG PHASE varies in
length (can be so short, its undectable)
exponential phase aka
log phase
in the EXPONENTIAL PHASE (LOG) rate of growth is
constant
in the EXPONENTIAL PHASE (LOG) the population is most
uniform in terms of chemical & physical properties
in the EXPONENTIAL PHASE (LOG) all cells are dedicated to
growth
in the EXPONENTIAL PHASE (LOG) bacteria are MOST
susceptible to antibiotics
in the STATIONARY PHASE total number of
viable cells remans constant
in the STATIONARY PHASE no net growth in number of cells because
reproductive rate equals death rate
in the STATIONARY PHASE as many cells dying as being
replicated
in the STATIONARY PHASE cells are changing to become more
resistant to harsh conditions
in the STATIONARY PHASE bacteria are MOST
resistant to antimicrobials
why enter stationary phase?
inhospitable environement
low nutrients/O2
high wastes or population density
starvation response adaptations in the STATIONARY PHASE
morphological changes
production of starvation proteins
production of secondary metabolities including antibiotics & antimicrobial compounds
can lead to increased virulence
what are the morphological changes in starvation response adaptations
endospore formation
decrease in size
condense the nucleoid
in the DEATH PHASE, why do cells die?
limited nutrients
buildup of toxic wastes
in the DEATH PHASE cells are viable but not
culturable
in the DEATH PHASE many cells undergo programmed
apoptosis (cell death)
what are the 2 categories for cell growth
physical and chemical
what are physical requirements for cell growth
temp
pH change
osmotic pressure
what are chemical requirements for cell growth
carbon
nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous
trace elements
organic growth factors
oxygen availability
optimal temp definition
is the temp at which a procedure is best carries out
cardinal groups definition
based on the optimal temp range for organism’s growth
what are the cardinal groups
psychrophiles
psychrotrophs
mesophiles
thermophiles
hyperthermophiles
thermophiles optimal temp:
60-65 degrees C
hyperthermophiles optimal temp:
75-80 degrees C
mesophiles optimal temp:
35-40 degrees C
psychrotrophs optimal temp:
25-30 degrees C
psychrophiles optimal temp:
10-15 degrees C
what are the pH cardinal groups
acidophiles
neutrophiles
alkalophiles
alkalophiles optimal pH
8.5-11.5
acidophiles optimal pH
1-5.5
neutrophiles optimal pH
5.5-7
neutrophiles optimal pH
5.5-7
cellular pH regulation
some synthesize special proteins that provide protection from toxic pHs
change pH of their habitat by producing acidic or basic waste products
osmotic pressure cardinal groups
extreme/obligate halophiles
facultative halophiles
extreme/obligate halophiles optimal concentration of salt
above 30% NaCl
facultative halophiles optimal concentration of salt
2& NaCl
what phases are heterogeneous
lag
stationary
what phase is homogeneous
exponential (Log)
what phase is most susceptible to antimicrobials
Exponential (Log) Phase
what phase is Most resistant to antimicrobials
Stationary Phase
what phase Beginning to produce endospores (if applicable)
Stationary Phase
What are some characteristics and observations that can be made of cells in the stationary phase?
The total number of viable cells remains constant because reproductive rates equals death rate. This means as many cells that are dying as being replicated. Cells begin to change and become more resistant to harsh conditions. The cells go through starvation response this includes: endospore formation, decrease in size, and condensing the nucleoid.
which cardinal group make humans sick
mesophiles
which cardinal groups spoil refrigated groups
psychrophiles
psychrotrophs
which cardinal group can spoil room temp food
psychrotrophs
which cardinal group can spoil
refrigated
frozen
but NOT room temp
psychrophiles
which cardinal group can spoil
refrigated
frozen
room temp
psychrotrophs