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BACT211 PRELIMS > BACTERIAL CULTIVATION > Flashcards

BACTERIAL CULTIVATION Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the increase in the number of bacteria rather
than in size

A

Bacterial Growth

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2
Q

Bacteria grows in ________ not in _________.

A

number ; size

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3
Q

BACTERIAL GROWTH REQUIREMENTS

A

• Nutritional
• Environmental

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4
Q

Three major nutritional needs for bacterial growth

A

• Carbon
• Nitrogen
• Energy

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5
Q
  • Needed for the synthesis of cellular
    components/constituents
  • Represents almost 50% of the dry weight of the
    bacterium
A

Carbon

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6
Q

In the form of ATP: to perform metabolic and
cellular functions

A

Energy Source

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7
Q
  • Needed for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic
    acids
  • Makes up 14% of the dry weight of the bacteria
A

Nitrogen

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8
Q
  • Bacterial cell is _______ water
  • Meaning, they are a sealed plate of moisture, so
    humidity level should be _______.
A

70%

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9
Q

Bacteria can tolerate salt concentration below ______.

A

6%

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10
Q

certain bacteria that can survive
high salt concentration environment

A

halophilic/halophiles

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11
Q

HALOPHILIC BACTERIA

A

• Staphylococcus spp.
• Enterococcus spp.
• Vibrio spp. (except Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus)
• Bacillus spp.

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12
Q

refers to bacteria that are very difficult to grow

A

fastidious

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13
Q

It is also cqlled as X Factor and is a degradation product of hemoglobin (RBC)

A

Hemin/Hematin

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14
Q

meaning of NAD

A

Nicotinamine Adenine Dinucleotide

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15
Q

It is required by Haemophilus spp.

A

V Factor (Vitamins)

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16
Q

What are the 2 common types of culture media that has an X and V Factor?

A

• Chocolate Agar Plate
• Blood Agar Plate

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17
Q

It has lysed RBC as well as both X and V Factor

A

Chocolate Agar Plate (CAP)

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18
Q

What should be applied to CAP to inactivate NADase so only V Factor would be present?

A

physical method/heat

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19
Q

It has intact RBC and only has X Factor.

A

Blood Agar Plate (BAP)

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20
Q

True or False

Haemophilus spp. only requires V factor

A

False

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21
Q

This culture is used in cultivating Haemophilus spp. because it has beta hemolysin that can liberate the V Factor.

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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22
Q

Sources of Blood

A

• 5% defribinated sheep’s blood
• Horse’s blood
• Rabbit’s blood
• Human blood (Type O)

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23
Q

Bacteria that grow, live, and survive in
the presence of oxygen

A

Aerobe

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24
Q

Absolutely requires oxygen to
grown, live, and survive

A

Strict/Obligate Aerobe

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25
Q

Examples of Strict/Obligate Aerobe Bacteria

A

• Micrococcus spp.
• Mycobacterium spp.
• Pseudomonas spp.
• Neisseria spp.
• Brucella spp.
• Francisella spp.
• Bordetella spp.
• Leptospira spp.

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26
Q

Bacteria that have the ability to grow, live and survive in small concentration of oxygen environment

A

Facultative Anaerobe

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27
Q

Examples of Facultative Anaerobe Bacteria

A

• Staphylococcus spp.
• Streptococcus spp.
• Family Enterobacteriaceae

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28
Q

Bacteria that prefers small concentration of oxygen environment approximately 2%-10%

A

Microaerophilic

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29
Q

Examples of Microaerophilic Bacteria

A

• Campylobacter spp.
• Helicobacter spp.
• Arcobacter spp.
• some Streptococcus spp.

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30
Q

Usually, we have ________ of oxygen available in the environment.

A

18%

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31
Q

Bacteria that grow, live, and survive in the absence of oxygen

A

Anaerobe

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32
Q

Absolutely do not require oxygen to grow, live, and survive

A

Strict/Obligate Anaerobe

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33
Q

Examples of Strict/Obligate Anaerobe

A

• many Clostridium spp. such as Clostridium noyvi
• Bacteroides spp.
• Fusobacterium spp.
• Peptostreptococcus spp.
• Porphyromonas spp.

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34
Q

Bacteria that do not require oxygen but may tolerate or withstand limited exposure to oxygen

A

Aerotolerant Anaerobe

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35
Q

Examples of Aerotolerant Anaerobe Bacteria

A

• some Clostridium spp. such as Clostridium perfringens
• Bacteroides fragilis
• most strains of Proprionibacterium and Lactobacillus

36
Q

Bacteria that requires 5%-10% CO2
to grow

A

Capnophilic/Capnophiles

37
Q

Examples of Capnophilic Bacteria

A

NHACEK GROUP
• Neisseria spp.
• Haemophilus spp.
• Aggregatibacter spp.
• Cardiobacterium spp.
• Eikenella spp.
• Kingella spp.

• Streptococcus pneumoniae

38
Q

Most pathogenic bacteria would grow at
temperature between _______

A

35 - 37°C

39
Q

Optimally growing between 20-40°C

A

Mesophilic

40
Q

Growing optimally between 0-20°C

A

Psychrophilic/Cryophilic

41
Q

Growing between 50-60°C

A

Thermophilic

42
Q

Growing between 80-110°C; spore-forming bacteria

A

Hyperthermiphilic/Extremely Thermophilic

43
Q

Wide range of temperature

A

Eurithermophilic

44
Q

Narrow range of temperature

A

Sternothermophilic

45
Q

What is the pH requirement needed by most bacteria to grow?

A

pH 7.0 - 7.5 (neutral or slightly alkaline environment)

46
Q

Acid-loving bacteria

A

acidophilic (Lactobacillus acidophilus)

47
Q

Alkali-loving bacteria

A

alkaliphilic (Gardnerella vaginalis)

48
Q

loves high osmotic pressure

A

osmophilic (Archaebacteria spp.)

49
Q

Refers to the stages of bacterial growth.

A

Bacterial Growth Phase

50
Q

Bacteria are replicating via ________

A

binary fission (asexual reproduction)

51
Q

______ refers to the duration or time of bacterial growth while _____ refers to the logarithm of viable cells

A

X-axis; Y-axis

52
Q

It is the time required for 1 cellto divide into 2 cells.

A

Generation/doubling time

53
Q

What is the generation time of E. coli?

A

20 mins.

54
Q

What is the generation time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

24 hrs.

55
Q

A phase where synthesis of proteins and DNA is already happening but cell division isn’t happening yet

A

Lag phase

56
Q

The phase where bacteria is the most metabolically active; susceptible to anti-microbial agents

A

Logarithmic Growth Phase

57
Q

Toxins are produced that are harmful to microorganisms

rate of cell division = rate of cell deaths

A

Stationary or Plateau phase

58
Q

Bacterial growth failed to happen because the number of dead cells are greater than viable cells

A

Decline phase (Death)

59
Q

It mimics the environment and nutrition that is originally in the reservoir

A

Culture Media

60
Q

An artificial preparation in the laboratory which contains basic foundation of nutrients and a solidifying agent (if needed) to support the growth of microorganisms

A

Culture Media

61
Q

Noun: growth of microorganism
Verb: to grow or to cultivate microorganism

A

Culture

62
Q

Introducing the microorganism to the culture media

A

Inoculate/Plant/Cultivate

63
Q

subsequent transfer of microorganisms from one culture media to another

A

Transplant/Subculture

64
Q

Classification of Culture Media According to Composition

A

• SYNTHETIC/CHEMICALLY DEFINED

• NON
-SYNTHETIC/NON
-CHEMICALLY DEFINED COMPLEX

• TISSUE CULTURE
MEDIA

65
Q

Composed of known and exact amounts of pure chemical substances; commonly used for culturing autotrophic microorganisms

A

SYNTHETIC/CHEMICALLY DEFINED

66
Q

Composed of complex materials that are rich in vitamins and nutrients that are not usually represented by a chemical formula such as peptones, beef or yeast extract, plant extracts etc.

A

NON-SYNTHETIC/NON-CHEMICALLY DEFINED/COMPLEX

67
Q

Live cells harvested from organs of humans and animals that supports the growth of obligate intracellular organisms that cannot grow in artificially prepared culture media.

A

TISSUE CULTURE MEDIA

68
Q

source: kidney cells of an African Green Monkey

A

Vero Cell Line

69
Q

source: mouse cell line

A

Mc Coy Cell Line

70
Q

source: fertilized chicken eggs

A

Chicken Embryo

71
Q

source: human lung carcinoma

A

A549 Cells

72
Q

source: human cetvical carcinoma

A

HELA Cell Line

73
Q

source: human epithelial cells of larynx carcinoma

A

Hep-2 Cell Line

74
Q

Classification of Culture Media According to Physical State or Consistency

A

• Liquid
• Semi-Solid
• Solid

75
Q

a culture medium that doesn’t contain a solidifying agent; dissolved in water

A

Liquid

76
Q

A culture medium that contains 0.5% - 1%
agar

A

Semi-Solid

77
Q

Used for observation of hydrogen sulfide gas production, indole production and motility

A

Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM) Medium

78
Q

A culture medium which contains 1.5% - 3%T (2%-3% in other books) agar

A

Solid

79
Q

Classification of Culture Media According to Manner of Dispensing/Formation

A

• Plated
• Tubed
• Bottled

80
Q

Usually contained in a container that can be made of glass (pyrex) or disposable plastic (standard:100 mm in terms of diameter) (AST: 150mm)

A

Plated

81
Q

Usually, container in glass tubes such as Wassermann tubes with different volume capacity (3mL, 5mL, 10mL) or in a tube with a flat bottom and a screw cap

A

Tubed

82
Q

Culture media contained in a glass bottle that is usually used for blood culture

A

Bottled

83
Q

Classification of Culture Media According to Function/Use

A

• GENERAL PURPOSE/PRIMARY/ BASIC/BASAL/SUPPORTIVE/GENERAL ISOLATION CULTURE MEDIA

•ENRICHED CULTURE MEDIA

• ENRICHMENT BROTH

84
Q

Contains basic nutritional requirements to support the growth of non-fastidious microorganisms

A

• General Pirpose/Primary/Basic/Basal/Supportive/General Isolation Culture Media

85
Q

Contains the basic nutritional requirement to support the growth of non-fastidious microorganisms with additives [special requirements: blood], enriching substances, or supplements to support the growth of fastidious microorganisms

A

Enriched Culture Media

86
Q

A primary media used to support or favor the selective growth of pathogens in a specimen, such as stool or sputum, where the number of normal flora outnumber the pathogens

A

Enrichment Broth

BACT211 PRELIMS (2 decks)

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