Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BACTERIOLOGY > BACTERIAL BIOCHEMISTRY METABOLISM > Flashcards

BACTERIAL BIOCHEMISTRY METABOLISM Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the vital life processes of microorganisms

  • Nutritional needs
  • Metabolic pathways
  • Reproduction, growth and death
A

MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

*All living protoplasm contains 6 major chemical elements:
C, H, O, N, P, S

*Combinations of all these elements make up the
macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and
nucleic acids

*To build necessary cellular materials, every organism
requires a source/s of energy, carbon and other nutritional
requirements

A

Nutritional Requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ENERGY SOURCE

light

A

PHOTOTROPHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ENERGY SOURCE

chemicals

A

CHEMOTROPHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

inorganic materials

A

Chemolitotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

organic materials

A

Chemoorganotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CO2 as their sole source of carbon

Examples: plants, algae and cyanobacteria

A

AUTOTROPHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CARBON SOURCE

A

AUTOTROPHS

HETEROTROPHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

organic compounds
other than CO2
Examples: humans, animals, fungi, bacteria and
protozoa

A

HETEROTROPHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

use light as energy source and CO2 as carbon source

Plants, algae, cyanobacteria, purple and green sulfur bacteria

A

PHOTOAUTOTROPHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

use light as energy source and organic compounds aside from CO2 as carbon
source

Purple nonsulfur and green nonsulfur bacteria

A

PHOTOHETEROTROPHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Use electrons from reduced inorganic compounds as a source of energy and
they use CO2 as their main source of carbon

Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Hydrogenomonas

A

CHEMOAUTOTROPHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

use chemicals as energy source and organic compounds other than CO2 as carbon
source (all clinically impt bacteria are of this group)

Animals, protozoa, fungi and most bacteria

A

CHEMOHETEROTOTROPHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Biochemical reactions or cellular processes for survival and

replication. Involves:
* Break down of organic compounds
* Synthesis of new bacterial parts

A

BACTERIAL METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Energy is generated from these metabolic breakdowns and all
these biochemical reactions are controlled by specific
enzymes

A

BACTERIAL METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anaerobic process carried by both obligate and facultative

anaerobes; electron acceptor is an organic compound

A

Fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When fermentation occurs, a mixture of end products is

accumulated like: lactate, butyrate, ethanol, acetoin

A

Fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In dx micro: fermentation could indicate any type of
utilization (fermentative or oxidative) of a CHO (sugar)
with the resulting production of an acid pH

A

Fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

These pathways break down GLUCOSE to form
PYRUVIC ACID; precursor metabolites are also produced
by these 3 central pathways:
1.Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP)Pathway
2.Entner-Doudoroff Pathway
3.Pentose Phosphate Shunt

A

Biochemical Pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fermentation pathways of microbes in the human host:

  1. Alcoholic fermentation
  2. Homolactic fermentation
  3. Heterolactic fermentati0n
  4. Propionic acid fermentation
  5. Mixed acid fermentation
  6. Butanediol fermentation
  7. Butyric acid fermentation
A

Anaerobic Utilization of Pyruvic

Acid (Fermentation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cycle is the most important
pathway for the complete oxidation of a substrate under
aerobic conditions

A

Krebs/TCA/Citric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Krebs/TCA/Citric acid cycle is the most important
pathway for the complete oxidation of a substrate under
aerobic conditions

A

Aerobic Utlization of Pyruvic acid

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In this cycle, pyruvate is oxidized, carbon skeletons are
created, and the e- are passed through the electron
transport chain (ETC) and used to generate energy in the
form of ATP

A

Aerobic Utlization of Pyruvic acid

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This cycle results in the productionn of acid and CO2

A

Aerobic Utlization of Pyruvic acid

Oxidation

25
Q

Process of bacterial heredity and variation

A

BACTERIAL GENETICS

26
Q

3 major aspects of microbial genetics:

A

1.Structure and organization of genetic material
2.Replication and expression of genetic information
3.Mechanisms by w/c genetic information is changed
and exchanged among bacteria

27
Q

where hereditary information is encoded; DNA
and RNA; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen-containing “base”
and a phosphate group

A

Nucleic acids

28
Q

sugar, PO4 and bases of nucleic acids; DNA and RNA

are nucleotide polymers (chains/strands)

A

Nucleotide

29
Q

order of bases along a DNA or RNA strand

A

Base Sequence

30
Q

exists as double-stranded molecules; carry genetic code

A

DNA

31
Q

exists as a single-stranded molecule; plays a key role in gene
expression

A

RNA

32
Q

DNA sequence that encodes for a specific product (RNA or protein)

A

Gene

33
Q

all genes taken together within an organism

A

Genome

34
Q
  • when a genome is organized into a single discrete unit;
  • gene carrier;
  • Haploid - only one chromosome is present in a bacterial nucleoid
  • a single circle containing about 4000 kbp (kilobase pairs) of DNA
A

CHROMOSOME

35
Q

only one chromosome is present in a bacterial nucleoid

A

Haploid

36
Q

extra-chromosomal genetic elements; miniature

chromosomes; replicates independently from the chromosome

A

Plasmids

37
Q

Bacterial genes are carried on

A

Bacterial chromosome Plasmids

Transposable elements

38
Q

pieces of DNA that move from one
genetic element to another; they do not exist as separate entities since
they must be incorporated into a plasmid or chromosome; “jumping
genes” ; two types:

A

Transposable elements

39
Q

contains genes that encode information

required for movement among plasmids and chromosomes

A

Insertion sequence

40
Q

contains genes for movement as well as genes that

encode for other features like drug resistance

A

Transposon

41
Q

during bacterial cell division, the genome must be replicated so
that each daughter cell receives the same complement of functional
DNA from the parent cell

A

Replication of Genetic Information

42
Q

is the processing of information encoded in
genetic elements (chromosome, plasmid, transposon) that results in
the production of biochemical products

A

Expression of Genetic Information

43
Q

copying of the DNA molecule by mRNA

Synthesis of mRNA, tRNA and rRNA

RNA polymerase – enzyme central to the transcription process

A

Transcription (synthesis of RNA)

44
Q

-mRNA codons are read, amino acids are brought to the mRNA strand and
polypeptides (proteins) are produced at the ribosomes
-Initiation, elongation and termination
-Translation ends with the production of a protein

A

Translation (synthesis of protein)

45
Q

Genetic change in bacteria is accomplished by 3 basic mechanisms:

A

1 Mutation

2 Genetic recombination

3 Gene exchange

46
Q

Change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene/s (genotype)

This change may involve a single DNA base w/in a gene, an entire gene, or several
genes

Usually results in insertion of a different amino acid into a protein resulting to an
altered phenotype

A

Mutation

47
Q

DNA segment/s are physically
exchanged/transferred from a donor cell to the
recipient cell;

A

DNA segment/s are physically
exchanged/transferred from a donor cell to the
recipient cell;

48
Q 
is a characteristic w/
members of the
genera:
Haemophilus
Streptococcus
Neisseria
A

Competence

49
Q 
Recipient cell
directly takes up
naked DNA released
from the donor cell
altering its genotype
A

Transformation

50
Q

DNA of donor cell that
contains bacteriophages is
transferred to the recipient
cell; phage mediated

A

Transduction

51
Q

when bacterial DNA is randomly
incorporated w/ viral DNA;
caused by virulent phages; only
host DNA is transferred

A

Generalized transduction

52
Q 
When bacterial DNA is
incorporated along w/ adjacent
viral DNA; caused by temperate
phages; viral and host genes are
transferred
A

Specialized transduction

53
Q

In conjugation, DNA is
transferred directly by
cell-to-cell contact through
the donor’s sex pilus.

A

Conjugation

54
Q

Plasmids are most frequently
transferred by conjugation.
This is mediated by a

A

fertility or F
factor/self-transmissibl
e plasmid.

55
Q

contain genes
conferring drug
resistance

A

R factors

56
Q

fertility and resistance

plasmids

A

F and R plasmids

57
Q 
Transposition is the
process by which
“jumping genes” excise
from one genomic
location and insert into
another.
A

Transposition

58
Q

) can insert
themselves into a donor
chromosome w/o having
DNA homology.

A

Transposons and insertion

sequences (IS)

BACTERIOLOGY (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions