Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CP5 = CNS Infections > Bacterial and Fungal Meningitis > Flashcards

Bacterial and Fungal Meningitis Flashcards

1
Q

A brain abscess has the same symptoms of Encephalitis except in what way?

A

It has an insidious onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes a brain abscess?

A

Bacteria/maybe parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three ways in which microorganisms can invade the brain and spinal cord?

A

> Blood-brain barrier
Blood-CSF barrier
Peripheral nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In which space can microorganisms invade in the brain and SC?

A

Subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What two pathways can endotoxins cause?

A

> Alternative complement pathway

> Cytokine production - Inflammatory or Anti-inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type and shape of bacteria is Neisseria Meningitdis?

A

Gram negative diplococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What capsular types of Neisseria Meningitidis are most common?

A

A, B, C, W135 and Y.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can Neisseria Meningitidis cause?

A

> Fulminant Septicaemia
Septicaemia w/ meningitis
Pyogenic meningitis w/ no rash.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two ways in which bacteria can survive intravascularly? (i.e before crossing blood-brain barrier)

A

1) CAPSULE - Protects against phagocytosis and complement-mediated bacteriolysis.
2) CAN ACQUIRE IRON FROM TRANSFERRIN.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment of Neisseria Meningitidis?

A

Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime and Penicillin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What prophylaxis would be given against invasive disease contact such as Neisseria Meningitidis?

A

Rifampicin, Ciprofloxacin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What capsular types is the Neisseria Meningitidis vaccine active against?

A

A, C, W135 not B.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of bacteria is H.Influenzae?

A

Gram -ve cocco-bacilli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which strain of H.Influenzae polysaccharide capsule is the most invasive?

A

Type B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is non-capsulate strain or capsulate strain of H.Influenzae most common?

A

Non-capsulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does H.Influenzae carriage reach the blood stream?

A

Submucosal infection in the throat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

H.Influenzae can cause Influenza. What other disease does it cause in the young?

A

Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What virulence factors make H.Influenzae aggressive?

A

> Type B capsule
Outer protein/lipopolysaccharide
Fimbriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the treatment of H.Influenzae?

A

Ceftriaxome, cefotixame, AMPICILLIN.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of bacteria is S.Pneumoniae?

A

Gram positive cocci

21
Q

How many capsular types does S.Pneumoniae have?

A

95

22
Q

How is S.Pneumoniae spread?

A

Droplet spread

23
Q

If S.Pneumoniae is suspected, what type of medication can be used?

A

Steroids

24
Q

What is the action of Dexamethasone?

A

Decreases vanco levels in the CSF

25
Q

Group B beta-haemolytic Streptococci, Escherichia Coli and Listeria Monocytogenes all cause what in:
A) Neonates 5 days

A

A) Septicaemia

B) Meningitis

26
Q

What is the treatment for Neonatal Meningitis ?

A

Cefotaxmine, Ampicillin and Gentamicin

27
Q

What are the complications of Neonatal Meningitis?

A 
> Death
> Sepsis
> Stroke
> Seizures
> Delayed devl't
> Hydrocephalus 
> Raised ICP.
28
Q

What virus can cause meningitis and then paralysis?

A

Polio

29
Q

Who is at risk of TB meningitis?

A

> Alcoholics
Those who live in endemic area
Immunocompromised

30
Q

What are the direct direction methods of TB meningitis?

A

> Ziehl Neelson

> Fluorescent Anti’B

31
Q

What bacteria spread from the middle ear/sinuses to cause Brain abscesses?

A

Streptococci Anaerobes

32
Q

What bacteria spread via the blood stream to cause Brain abscesses?

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

33
Q

What treatment do brain abscesses need?

A

Anti’Bs.

34
Q

What can toxoplasma gondii encephalitis cause in the brain?

A

Lesions

35
Q

How is toxoplasma gondii encephalitis spread?

A

> Mother –> Child
Cat faeces
Cyst contained food

36
Q

What type of organisms causes Cryptococcal Meningitis?

A

YEAST!

37
Q

In what kind of pt does Cryptococcal Meningitis cause problems?

A

Late stage HIV pt’s.

38
Q

What is present in the CSF for Cryptococcal Meningitis?

A

Yeast

39
Q

What is the treatment for Cryptococcal meningitis?

A

> Amphotericin

> Flucytosine/Flucoazole

40
Q

How is Encephalitis diagnosed ? (HINT: Usually Viral)

A

Viral nucleic acid in CSF.

41
Q

What virus most commonly causes Encephalitis?

A

Worldwide Japanese Encephalitis Virus

42
Q

What encephalitis is caused through dog, fox and bat bites and has 100% mortality?

A

Rabis Encephalitis

43
Q

What type of bacteria is Clostridium Tetanu?

A

An anaerobic gram positive bacilli.

44
Q

How is Clostridium Tetanu transmitted?

A

Soil contamination - tetanospasmin are found.

45
Q

How does C.Tetani cause voluntary muscle convulsive contraction?

A

> Encode toxin genes in plasmid
Bloodstream spread
Bound to ganglioside receptor
Release inhibitory interneurons

46
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Tetanus?

A 
> Muscle spasms
> Trismus (jaw muscle spasm) 
> Opisthotonus (hyperextended spine) 
> Resp difficulty
> Cardiov instable
47
Q

What is the treatment for Tetanus?

A 
> Spasm drugs
> Muscle relaxants 
> Resp support
> ANTITOXIN
> Penicllin
48
Q

How is Tetanus prevented?

A

Using a toxoid

CP5 = CNS Infections (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions