Bacterial Anatomy And Physiology

Question 1

Difference between capsule and slime layer?

Answer 1

Capsule - tough and demarcated - so donot let the bacteria kill by phagocytosis by preventing oppsonization
Slime layer is loose and undemarcated

Question 2

Capsulated organisms ? ( Preety NIce CAp )

Answer 2

All P organisms like -

pneumonia Streptococcus
pneumonia klebsiella
Pertussis bordetella
Parahemolyticus vibrio
Perfiringes clostridium
Pestis yersinia

N- neisseria meningococcus
I- influenza hemophillus

C- cryptococcus
A- aureus . S
Anthracis Bacillus

Question 3

All capsules are Polysaccharide except ?

Answer 3

Yersinia pestis - F1 peptide
Bacillus antracis - polypeptide
S aureus - microcapsule
S pyogenes - has capsule made of hyaluronic acid

Question 4

What is the procedure used for demonstration of capsule?

Answer 4

McFadyens reaction
Quellung reaction / Neufeld reaction ( swelling )

Question 5

Mc Faudens reaction stain used?

Answer 5

Add polychrome methylene blue stain to bacteria —- gives purple colour

Question 6

Which microorganism has both capsule and slime layer?

Answer 6

Streptococcus salivarius

Question 7

Modification of slime is called?
And its advantages

Answer 7

Bio film

Helps in adherence
Anti phagocytic
Antibiotic resistance

Question 8

Biofim is present in which organism?

Answer 8

Streptococcus mutans - in mouth - cause dental caries

Staph epidermis - causes prosthetic valve endocarditis
Also shown by pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 9

What avout gram positive cell wall?

Answer 9

Memonic - PPPT

P- positive
P- peptidoglycan
P- pentapeptide cross bridge
T- teichoic acid ( helps in adhernce)
100 layers thick

NAM-NAG present

Question 10

Gram -ve cell wall?

Answer 10

Contains LPS
Lipoproteins
Peptidoglycan

Outer membrane present
Periplasmic space present + porins

Question 11

What Lipopolysaccharide contains from outside to inside?

Answer 11

OPA
O- o antigen - most variable part eg- salmonella typhi - widal test

P- polysaccharide
A- lipid A - have endotoxin
Only in gram -ve
Have lethal effect , pyrogenicity

Question 12

Demonstration of cell wall?

Answer 12

Registered Medical Practioner Dr

R- reaction of antibody
M- mechanical rupture of cell , microdissection
P- plasmolysis
Dr.- differntial staining
Gram staining

Question 13

Endotoxin

Answer 13

Present in lipid a ( in gram -ve cell wall)
Gram -ve bacteria
Heat stabile
Low antigencity
Cannot produce toxoid
Needed in large amounts to create effects
Produce constant effect
Release on lysis of cell

Question 14

Exotoxin

Answer 14

In both g+ and g-
Heat labile
High antigenicity
Toxoid production possible for live vaccine
Small account — large effect

Release as secretions

Question 15

Exotoxin is released as secretions except ?

Answer 15

Botulinum toxin - released on lysis of cell

Question 16

Only gram + that shows endotoxin ?

Answer 16

Listeria

Question 17

Cell wall deficient forms aka?

Answer 17

L forms

Question 18

Types of L forms

Answer 18

Unstable - lose cell wall when treated with penicillin , can revert back to its original form
1. Protoplast - g+ ( whole Cell wall lost)

      2. Spheroplast- g- ( half / some part lost) 

Stable l forms-
Mycoplasma
Permanent losses cell wall
Unable to revert to original form

Question 19

Outer membrane is present only in ?

Answer 19

Gram -

Question 20

What is the respiratory unit of bacteria ?

Answer 20

Dip in cell membrane - mesosomes / chondroids

Question 21

Nucleus in bacteria?

Answer 21

Is single circular
Ds dna

Question 22

H antigen is test in widal test is for ?

Answer 22

Flagella in s. Typhi for typhoid

Question 23

Endoflagella is present in?

Answer 23

Spirochetes-
Treponema
Borellia
Leptospira

Originate from periplasmic space

Question 24

Endoflagella is seen in g+ or g- ?

Answer 24

G-

Question 25

Monotrichous flagella seen in ?

Answer 25

Vibrio
Pseudomonas

Question 26

Lophotrichous seen in ?

Answer 26

Helicobacter
Campylobacter

Question 27

Peritrichous seen in?

Answer 27

PERI - trichous

PR - proteus
E- e coli
Listeria

Question 28

Tumbling motility seen in

Answer 28

Listeria

Question 29

Darting motility seen in

Answer 29

Like shooting star
Vibrio
Campylobacter

Question 30

Corck screw motility?

Answer 30

Treponema

Question 31

Twitching motility?

Answer 31

Ekinella
Trachomonas vaginalis - causes strawberry cervix

Question 32

Falling leaf motility?

Answer 32

Giardia lamblia

Question 33

Differential motility

Answer 33

Motile at 22-25 *c
Non motile at 37

Yersiniosis , listeriosis

Question 34

Swarming motolitu in blood agar

Answer 34

PVCS
P- proteus
V - vibrio parahemolyticus
Vibrio alginolyticus
C- clostridium tettani
Bacillus cereus
S - serratia

Question 35

Prokaryota lacking cell wall and has sterols in their cell wLl?

Answer 35

Mycoplasma

Question 36

Prokaryota laking muramic acid ?

Answer 36

CHlamydia

Question 37

Spore parts from outside to inside

Answer 37

Exosporium
Coat ( makes chemical resisitant)
Cortex
Inner membrsne
Core - dipicolinic acid ( heat resistant)