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PA 5260 - Clinical Science > Bacteria Quiz > Flashcards

Bacteria Quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enterococcus Faecalis

A

G + cocci, chains
Part of normal flora but highly virulent
Most predominant nosocomial acquired pathogen; UTIs, endocarditis, wounds, etc
Antibiotic resistance

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2
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A
  • G + cocci, clustered
  • skin flora
  • can cause infection in immunocompromised patients; generally hospital-acquired
  • produces BIOFILMS that grown on plastic devices w/in the body
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3
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A
  • protozoa with tail
  • sexually transmitted
  • lower GU tract, urethra
  • frothy, greenish discharge
  • malodorous smell
  • strawberry cervix
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4
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A
  • G - rods, encapsulated
  • found in human intestine, stool, skin, pharynx
  • healthy people typically not affected
  • nosocomial pneumonia, bacteremia, would/surg site infections, meningitis, UTIs
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5
Q

Treponema pallidum

A
  • G - spirochete
  • SYPHILIS; sexually transmitted
  • chancer sore, skin rash, latent phase, muscular paralysis, blindness, death
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6
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis

A
  • variable gram stain, coccobacilli
  • causes BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
  • gray frothy vaginal discharge, fishy odor
  • ph > 4.5
  • clue cells
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7
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A
  • G+ diplococcus
  • pneumonia, wound infections, meningitis, septicemia, otitis media
  • c-reactive protein
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8
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A
  • LYME DISEASE
  • spirochete, G variable
  • fever, HA, fatigue and “bulls-eye” rash
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9
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A
  • Spaghetti-like strands
  • droplet
  • “walking pneumonia”
  • most common cause of CAP
  • pneum sx and erythema multiforme
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10
Q

Clostridium tetani

A
  • G+ bacilli (tennis racket), spore
  • Tetanospasmin: impairs motor neuron action; muscle stiffness and spasm
  • rigid smile, dysphagia, stiffness, lock-jaw
  • Caused by penetrating wounds, GSW, MVA, surgical wound, animal bites
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11
Q

Escherichia coli

A
  • G - bacillus
  • stomach cramps, diarrhea, vomiting
  • outbreaks occur in food sources in US
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12
Q

Bartonella henselae

A
  • G- rods, slightly curved & in clumps
  • CAT SCRATCH FEVER
  • fever, papules or pustules, enlarged lymph node, bacillary angiomatosis
  • usually resolves on its own
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13
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A
  • G+ rod
  • cough, fever, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, chest pain
  • “ACT NOW”
  • not as prevalent in US
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14
Q

Peptostreptococcus species

A
  • G+ cocci, strings or clumps
  • part of normal flora
  • suppuration, thrombophlebitis, abscesses, gangrenous destruction
  • “piggybacking” organism
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15
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A
  • G+ cocci in chains
  • pharyngitis and cellulitis (pus-producing)
  • rheumatic fever & accute glomerulonephritis (immunologic)
  • P is for pyogenes, pus, prisoner, positive
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16
Q

Mycobacterium avium

A
  • G variable rod
  • atypical nontuberculosis mycobacteria (difficult to tell diff b/w this and TB)
  • risk factors: COPD, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, CF, lung cancer
  • “hot-tub lung” (aerosolized water, bathrooms, dust, soil, birds and farm animals, cigarette components)
  • lymphadenitis in children
  • Lady Windermere syndrome: suppression of cough in otherwise healthy, thin, elderly women
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17
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A
  • G+ cocci clusters
  • skin infections, cellulitis, sinusitis, food poisoning
  • Nasal passages
  • cultures yellow
18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A
  • G-
  • most frequent reported STD in US
  • most asymptomatic; discharge, bleeding, dysuria, abd pain, infertility
19
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A
  • G+
  • causes foodborne disease called listeriosis
  • meningitis, encephalitis
  • may mimic a stroke
20
Q

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

A
  • G- cocci
  • atypical pneumonia/ “walking pneumonia”
  • most common in school-age children
  • symptoms vary
21
Q

Shigella Dysenteriae

A
  • G- rods
  • rare in US
  • fecal-oral
  • Dysentery: bloody, mucoid stools, diarrhea, tenesmus
  • can take months for bowels to return to normal
22
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A
  • G - diplococci, kidney or coffee bean shape
  • at any given time 10-20% of US population carries it in their throat
  • causes meningitis
  • stiff neck, skin rash, fever, headache, N/V
23
Q

Giardia lamblia

A
  • parasite, multinucleated, w/ or w/o flagella
  • symptoms appear 1-3 wks after infection
  • eating/drinking contaminated water/food, traveling to a place where it is common
  • Giardia - diarrhea, abd cramping, etc
24
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A
  • G - coccobacilli
  • 6 types
  • pneumonia, NOT flu
  • bacteremia, meningitis, epiglotitis, cellulitis, infectious arthritis, etc, etc
25
Q

Brucella

A
  • G - coccobacillus
  • 2-4 week latent period before symptoms; usually comes from cattle, sheep, pig and dog fluids or food products (unpasteurized cheese)
  • barn dust
  • “highly weaponizable”
  • undulating fever, headaches, night sweats, fatigue, anorexia
  • epididymoorchitis, liver sbcesses, endocarditis (most frequent COD), neurobrucellosis
  • Brucella sounds like she works on a farm
26
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

A
  • G + cocci, chains
  • Group B strep
  • naturally colonized in GI and GU tracts
  • newborns and neonates; sepsis, meningitis,
  • expectant mothers screened
  • more prev in pations with diabetes, CHF, hx of cancer, obesity, cardio diseases, etc
27
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A
  • G - diplococci
  • sexually transmitted, vaginal delivery (conjunctivitis, blindness in newbs)
  • antigen detection test, NAATs
  • Men: dysuria, thick white yellow or green discharge, epididymitis
  • Women: dysuria, smelly vaginal discharge, lower abd pain, spotting, may be mistaken or UTI
  • can lead to PID, infertility
28
Q

Helicobactor pylori

A
  • G - rods

- stomach ulcer; burning abd pain, black stools, possible emesis

29
Q

Pasteurella multocida

A
  • G - bacilli
  • normal resp flora of livestock and pets
  • soft tissue infx from bite or scratch
  • cellulitis, high leukocytes and neutrophils, swollen lymph nodes
  • septic arthritis, meningitis
30
Q

Clostridium difficile

A
  • G + rod
  • causes colitis, watery diarrhea, FOUL SMELLING, frequent bowel movements, fever, loss of appetite
  • very contagious, nosocomial infx; pts on antibiotics, elderly, hospitalized
31
Q

Rickettsia rickettsi

A
  • G -
  • found in ticks, lice, fleas, mites, chiggers, mammals
  • tick bite
  • Rocky Mountain spotted fever
  • Rickettsialpox, other spotted fevers
32
Q

Salmonella typhimuriam

A
  • G - rod w/ flagella
  • Typhoid fever: weakness, stomach pains, sustained fever, HA, loss of appetite, rose colored rash spots
  • infected water! fecal/oral, food, travel to foreign countries
33
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A
  • G - rod, flagellum, curved
  • Campylobacteriosis
  • 3rd leading bacterial cuase of foodborne illness in US
  • fever, diarrhea, vom, abd pn, bloody stool
34
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

A
  • G - flagellated
  • stagnant water and soil
  • Legionnaires’ disease: severe form of pneumonia
  • elderly, smokers
35
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A
  • G - bacilus, flagella
  • leading cause of nosocomial infx worldwide
  • imunocompromised, CF, burns
  • blue-green pus, smells like grapes
  • swimmer’s ear, nail infx, corneal keratitis
36
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A
  • G -

- whooping cough, barky cough

37
Q

Cornyebacterium diptherium

A
  • G + bacillus
  • pharyngitis; bluish-white patch on tonsils/soft palate, progresses to green/black
  • bullneck appearance, lymphadenopathy, palor, stupor, tachy, coma
  • cutaneous dip in homeless
  • chinese letter bacteria
38
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A
  • G - diplococci
  • nasopharynx
  • otitis media in children
  • lower respt tract infection in COPD adults
  • hockey puck sign in culfture grown
39
Q

Yersinia pestis

A
  • G - coccobacillus, safety pin
  • PNEUMONIC, SEPTICEMIC, BUBONIC PLAGUE
  • flea bites (bubonic, septicemic), sick contact (pneumonic)
40
Q

Lactobacillus acidophilus

A
  • G + rod
  • Naturally occurs in mouth, GI tract, vagina
  • “probiotic bacteria”
  • commonly used to restore flora in hte gut after use of antibiotics, treat vaginal infections

PA 5260 - Clinical Science (2 decks)

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