Bacteria Quiz 1

Question 0

What are some of the ways in which bacteria are diverse?

Answer 0

-Kingdom classification
-presence of various structural -components
-shape
-Gram strain response
-growth and reproduction
nutrition
-energy (ATP)production

Question 1

What are the two kingdoms of bacteria? What are the characteristics of each kingdom?

Answer 1

Archaebacteria: 
•Live in harsh environments 
•introns in DNA
•several kinds of DNA polymerase
•no peptidoglycan
----------------
 Eubacteria:
•common bacteria
•no introns
•one kind of DNA polymerase
•peptidoglycan present

Question 2

Explain the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

Answer 2

Gram positive:purple and simple (not toxic)

Gram negative: pink and complex (can be deadly)

Question 3

What are the three different shapes of bacteria?

Answer 3

Bacilli (bacillus)-rod shaped
Cocci (coccus) -spherical shape
Spirilla (spirillum) - spiral/cork shape

Question 4

Explain how bacteria move

Answer 4

Flagellum

Question 5

Explain how bacteria obtain energy

Answer 5

• Photoautotroph: gets energy from light and carbon from CO2
• Chemoautotroph: gets energy from inorganic chemicals and carbon from CO2

Photoheterotrophs: gets energy from light and carbon from organic compounds
Chemoheterotrophs: gets energy from organic chemicals and carbon from organic compounds

Question 6

What is the difference between obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes and obligate aerobes?

Answer 6

• Obligate aerobes: require constant productions of oxygen for cellular respiration
• Obligate anaerobes: do not require oxygen (use fermentation)
• facultative anaerobes: can survive with or without oxygen (use respiration or fermentation)

Question 7

Be able to label a bacteria cell

Answer 7

Cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Pili
Flagellum
DNA
Peptidoglycan

Question 8

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 8

Binary fission:
Replicates DNA and divides and a half
And with two identical daughter cells/clones
Most bacteria uses form of reproduction
Can reproduce NewGeneration everyone to three hours(asbestos 20 minutes under optimal conditions)

Question 9

Define genetic recombination and discuss why it is important

Answer 9

Genetic recombination can allow for genetic variation and beneficial genes go be passed on leading to antibiotic resistance

Question 10

What are the three types of genetic recombination?

Answer 10

Conjugation: hollow bridge-two bacteria exchange DNA

Transduction: virus carries bacterial DNA from a previous host to new bacteria cell

Transformation: DNA from cells that have burst flow into bacteria cell

Question 11

Describe four ways that bacteria benefit our lives

Answer 11

• Produce wine cheese and drugs and medicine
• digestion
• nitrogen fixation in soil
• decompose dead material

Question 12

Describe how bacteria harm our lives (in doing so defined pathogen, exotoxin,and endotoxin)

Answer 12

Pathogen-organism that causes disease

Cause half of human disease
Cause illness by producing poison

Exotoxin-secreted by bacterial cells [life threading food poisoning] examples: E.Coli

Endotoxin: components of outer membrane and of gram negative bacteria(cause fever and aches)
Examples: salmonella and typhoid fever

Question 13

Explain how penicillin,tetracycline, and macrolide work

Answer 13

Penicillin: interferes wit the ability to synthesize a cell wall

Tetracycline: inhibit protein synthesis for preventing tRNA from binding to mRNA/ ribosomes

Macrolide: inhibit protein synthesis by preventing bonding of amino acids to growing polypeptide

Question 14

What to use antibiotics to treat?

Answer 14

Bacterial infections :

They block the growth and reproduction of bacteria cells

Question 15

Provide a clear explanation of how bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics

Answer 15

Bacteria are mutating to overcome the threat of antibiotic they didn’t make mutations (spontaneously and by acquiring new genetic material)

Question 16

Describe steps people could take to prevent new bacteria from becoming resistant

Answer 16

Don’t use antibiotics when they’re not needed
•sterilizing by heat (exposure to high temperature/cook(
•disinfectant/chemical solutions( DONT OVERUSE)
•food processing for storage (use refrigerator)

Question 17

What is the germ theory?

Answer 17

All contagious diseases are caused by microorganisms

Question 18

Ignaz Semmelweis

Answer 18

•discover the importance of handwashing prior to surgery to prevent death of mothers after childbirth

Question 19

Louis Pasteur

Answer 19

• Created vaccines against rabies and anthrax
• Discovered liquid such as milk went bad because of bacteria
• Introduced pasteurization

Question 20

Robert Koch

Answer 20

• Founder of modern bacteriology

* observed tio and cholera under a microscope

Question 21

Joseph Lister

Answer 21

• New principles for cleanliness during surgery: treating surgical instruments, wounds, and dressings with chemicals
• father of antiseptic surgery

Question 22

Alexander Fleming

Answer 22

Discovered penicillin,the first antibiotic