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FMED - IDMM > Bacteria I & II - Bacteria Pathogenicity and Clinical Significance > Flashcards

Bacteria I & II - Bacteria Pathogenicity and Clinical Significance Flashcards

Understand the basic classification, pathogenicity and clinical significance of major groups of bacteria.

1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Positive Cocci

  • TSST1
  • Enterotoxins
  • Skin and soft tissue infections
  • Necrotizing fasciitis
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Endocarditis
  • Toxic shock syndrome
  • Cystic fibrosis pneumonia
  • Diarrhea
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2
Q

Coagulase negative staphylococci (i.e. Staphylococcus epidermidis)

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Positive Cocci

-Biofilm production

-Nosocomial blood stream infections associated with IV catheters
-Prosthetic material infections

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3
Q

Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes)

β-hemolytic

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Positive Cocci

-Streptolysin O &S

• Pharyngitis
• Necrotizing Fasciitis
• Rheumatic fever
• Streptococcal Toxic
Shock Syndrome(STSS)
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4
Q

Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae)

β-hemolytic

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Positive Cocci

-Polysaccharide capsule

  • Early onset neonatal disease (pneumonia, sepsis)
  • Late onset neonatal disease (meningitis, sepsis)
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5
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

α-hemolytic

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Positive Cocci

-Polysaccharide capsule

  • Community acquired pneumonia
  • Otitis media
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Meningitis
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6
Q

Streptococcus mitis

α-hemolytic

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Positive Cocci

-Polysaccharide capsule

  • Native valve endocarditis
  • Bacteremia
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7
Q

Enterococci (non-hemolytic)

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Positive Cocci

-Surface adhesins

  • Urinary tract infections
  • Endocarditis
  • Nosocomial VRE
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8
Q

Corynbacterium diphtheriae

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Positive Bacilli

-Diphtheria toxin

• Diphtheria (pharyngeal)

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9
Q

Corynebacterium jeikeium

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Positive Bacilli

-Unknown

• Foreign-body infections

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10
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Positive Bacilli

-Hemolysin

• Gastroenteritis
• Meningitis/Encephalitis
• Pregnancy: abortion,
stillbirth, preterm labor

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11
Q

Peptostreptococcus spp

A

Basic Classification: Anaerobic Gram Positive Cocci

-Unknown

• Mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacterial infections including: cutaneous, respiratory, oral or female pelvic infections

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12
Q

Actinomyces israelii

A

Basic Classification: Anaerobic Gram Positive Bacilli

-Unknown

  • Oral/cervicofacial infections
  • Pelvic infections (IUD)
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13
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Basic Classification: Anaerobic Gram Positive Bacilli

-Tetanus toxin

• Tetanus

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14
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Basic Classification: Anaerobic Gram Positive Bacilli

-α - toxin Enterotoxins

• Gas gangrene
• Diarrhea/Bloody, acute
necrotizing GI infection

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15
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Basic Classification: Anaerobic Gram Positive Bacilli

-Neurotoxin

• Botulism (flaccid paralysis)

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16
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Basic Classification: Anaerobic Gram Positive Bacilli

-Toxin A and Toxin B

• Diarrhea (antibiotic or hospital acquired)

17
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Negative Fermenters

-Endotoxin, exotoxins, capsule, pili

  • Meningitis in newborns
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Gastrointestinal infection
18
Q

Enterobacter spp

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Negative Fermenters

  • Exotoxins
  • Endotoxins
  • Capsules
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Nosocomial infections
  • Blood infections
19
Q

Salmonella spp

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Negative Fermenters

-Adhesion proteins, survival in phagocytes, dissemination to other tissues

  • Gastrointestinal infection
  • Bacteremia
20
Q

Proteus spp

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Negative Fermenters

  • Exotoxins
  • Endotoxins
  • Capsules
  • Adhesion proteins
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Nosocomial infections
  • Blood infections
21
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Negative Fermenters

-Somatic O antigens Exotoxins

• Cholera (GI infections)

22
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Negative Non-fermenters

-Uncertain, cell envelope adhesion factors

• Community acquired pneumonia

23
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Basic Classification: Aerobic Gram Negative Non-fermenters

-Exotoxin A, endotoxins

• Otitis externa
• Pneumonia in cystic
fibrosis
• Ventilator acquired
pneumonia
• Urinary tract infection
24
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Basic Classification: Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli/Cocci/Coccobacilli

-Polysaccharide capsule, Outer membrane protein

  • Meningitis
  • Epiglottitis
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Otitis media
  • Pneumonia
25
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Basic Classification: Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli/Cocci/Coccobacilli

-Polysaccharide capsule,
Outer membrane protein

• Meningitis

26
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Basic Classification: Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli/Cocci/Coccobacilli

-Pili, Capsule, Proteases, Adherence proteins

  • Gonorrhea
  • Pharyngitis
  • Conjunctivitis
27
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

A

Basic Classification: Anaerobic Gram Negative

  • Capsules
  • Endotoxins
  • Enzymes
  • Abscesses throughout body
  • Bacteremia
  • Aspiration pneumonia
28
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Basic Classification: Spirochetes/spiral bacteria

  • acid resistance
  • establishes residence in the stomach

-duodenal and gastric ulcers

29
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Basic Classification: Spirochetes/spiral bacteria

  • lack of proteins on outer membrane of cell wall
  • antigenic variation
  • 1 syphilis: painless chancre
  • 2 syphilis: myalgia, headache, fever, rash
  • 3 syphilis: neurosyphilis (general paralysis, tabes dorsalis) cardiovascular syphilis (aortic lesions, heart failure)
  • congenital syphilis (facial and tooth abnormalities)
30
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Basic Classification: Acid-fast bacilli

  • survive and multiply in alveolar macrophages
  • carried to lymphatics and can start other foci of infection
  • primary pulmonary disease
  • reactivation disease
  • disseminated disease (kidney, bones, etc.)
  • world-wide issue of public health concern
31
Q

Mycobacterium avium complex

A

Basic Classification: Acid-fast bacilli

-inhibition of lysosome-phagosome fusion

  • pulmonary disease
  • disseminated infection in AIDS patients
  • opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts
32
Q

Genital mycoplasma (M. hominis, M. genitalium)

A

Basic Classification: Non gram staining bacteria

  • resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics
  • non-gonococcal urethritis in males
33
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Basic Classification: Non gram staining bacteria

  • polyclonal T-cell and B-cell activators
  • trigger formation of cold agglutinins (clump RBCs)
  • atypical pneumonia
  • dermatologic involvement
  • cardiac and neurologic complications
34
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Basic Classification: Obligate intracellular bacteria

  • complicated intracellular lifecycle
  • inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion
  • urethritis
  • epididymitis
  • proctitis
  • cervicitis
  • PID
  • conjunctivitis
  • infant: conjunctivitis, pneumonitis
  • lymphogranuloma venereum
35
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci

A

Basic Classification: Obligate intracellular bacteria

  • Vertebrate vector: birds
  • atypical pneumonia
36
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Basic Classification: Obligate intracellular bacteria

  • Tick vector: Dermacentor spp
  • cell to cell spread (hundreds of contiguous infected epithelial cells)

-Rocky Mountain spotted fever (fever and rash)

FMED - IDMM (4 decks)

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