Bacteria Handout Flashcards
Gram-positive, comes from hospital sinks and environment, can cause diphtheria and tissue necrosis, and inhibits phagocytes. At Risk: Cathertized, immunosuppressants, antibiotics, radiation, surgery, burns, UTI, CF. It can be treated with carbenicillin and gentamicin.
Nosocomial Infections
What is an STD with no cure, 4 stages, and ultimately shortens lifespan and causes dementia, swollen lymph nodes, and fever?
Syphillus
Gram-negative, spread mostly by water, can cause legionnaires disease and Pontiac disease, have to use an immunofluorescent test to find, and the treatment is Erythromycin.
Legionellosis
Gram-negative, caused by Bordetella pertussis Transmitted airborne and mostly affects children,
Symptoms: Coughing that sounds like a whopping, cyanosis, vomiting, and hemorrhage
Detect: Nasopharyngeal swabs on Bordet-Gengou
Treatment: Erythromycin
Pertussis (Whopping Cough)
Gram-negative, caused by Salmonella Typhi
Transmitted by Water or Food
Symptoms: Fever, inflamed intestines, spleen enlargements, bloody stool
Detect: Examine stool or Widal test
Treatment: Ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and removal of the gallbladder
Typhoid Fever
Gram-negative, caused by Yersinia pestis, transmitted by rodents or airborne
Symptoms: chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and enlarged lymph nodes. Causes septicemia and pneumonia plague
Detect: Test for plague antibodies and observe Y. Pestis gram stain
Treatment: Streptomycin/Tetraomycin for adults. Chloramphenicol under 9 yrs.
Bubonic Plague
Gram-negative, caused by Food or water (shellfish veggies)
Symptoms: vomiting, profuse diarrhea, grey eyes and sinking, cold touch, muscular cramping, shock, coma
Detect: Isolate the bacteria for the stool
Treatment: Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Fluids, and electrolytes
Cholera
Gram-negative and positive, caused by Neisseria meningitides and Haemophilus influenza, transmitted airborne
Symptoms: Neisseria meningitides (U.R.I, stiff necks, headaches, and skin rashes) and haemophilus influenza (pneumonia infection, stiff neck, headaches, listlessness, drowsiness, irritability
Detect: Spinal tap
Treatment: Rifampin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, or Ciprofloxacin
Bacterial Meningitis
Gram-positive, caused by staphylococcus aureus, transmitted by contact
Symptoms: Fever, vomiting, watery diarrhea, sore throat, severe muscle aches, dropping BP
Detect: Isolate bacterium
Treatment: Antibiotics and blood transfusion
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Gram positive, caused by streptococcus pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, klebsiella pneumonia and serratia marcescens
Symptoms: Air sacs with fluid, otitis media, mastoiditis, pneumococcal meningitis, and endocarditis
Detect: Isolate from suptum, bile and solubility test
Treatment: Penicillin
Bacterial Pneumonia
Gram negative, caused by clostridium tetani and is soil borne
Symptoms: powerful neurotoxins in CNS, painful contracts of muscles, paralysis of thoracic muscles, cardiac/respiratory muscles
Detect: Isolate bacterium
Treatment: Penicillin, muscle relaxants, antitoxins
Tetanus
Gram-negative, caused by Clostridium perfringens & clostridium sp., transmitted by contact with dead tissue
Symptoms: release gas, tears tissue, press against blood vessels, intense pain, swelling, and foul odor
Detect: Isolate bacterium
Treatment: Amputation, antitoxins, antibiotics, hypobaric oxygen chamber
Gas Gangrene
Gram-negative, caused by Clostridium botulinum, transmitted soil or spores in cans
Symptoms: blurred vision, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, flaccid/respiratory paralysis, death
Detect: Inject suspected food into lab animals
Treatment: Antitoxins
Botulism
Gram-positive, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, transmitted airborne
Symptoms: chronic cough, chest pain, high fever, tubercles on lungs, weight loss, slow eroding of lungs
Detect: Tuberculin test, tine test, and chest X-rays
Treatment: Rifampin, Streptomycin, isoniazid, PZA (lung transplant can give patient a longer lifespan)
Tuberculosis
Gram-negative, caused by S. aurus, C. Perfringens, Salmonella sp. Shigella sp. E. Coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica, transmitted by food or water
Symptoms: enterotoxins, cramps, nausea, vomiting (usually a fast recovery unless Salmonella or Shigella)
Detect: Nose swab, MSA, Gram stain and trace food
Treatment: None/ rest and hydration
Food Poisoning
