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Oral Path > Bacteria + Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Bacteria + Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Impetigo

A

superficial scabbing on skin
S. pygenes and S. aureus
prevalence in HIV, type II pts

Nonbullous: on legs
red macules then crusting vesicles

Bullous: on extremities, fluid filled then purulent then crust

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2
Q

Erysipelas (st anthonys fire)

A

superficial raised skin infection
S. pyogenes or B-hemolytic strep

Rare, painful, red, well circumscribed lesions

swollen, orange peel surface, high fever

cheek, eyelid, nose bridge, leg, trauma areas

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3
Q

Strep tonsillitis pharyngitis

A

B-hemo strep
common in children

sore throat, fever, dysphagia, tonsillar hyperplasia, red,

palatal petechiae, tonsillar exudate

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4
Q

Strep Tonsillitis Pharyngitis Transmission/Risks/Tx of

A

contagious resp droplet or oral

tx: pen

risk for rheumatic fever

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5
Q

Erysipelas Tx

A

tx: penicillin

spreads lymphatically

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6
Q

Impetigo Risks/Tx

A

contagious, spread in crowds in spring
postpone dent tx

tx: ABX

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7
Q

Scarlet Fever

A

B-hemolytic strep

erythrogenic toxin skin rash, strawberry tongue, usually in children

tonsils erupt

pharynx, soft palate and tongue=red

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8
Q

Scarlet Fever tx

A

tx: oral pen, ibuprofen

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9
Q

Tonsillar Concretions

A

convoluted crypts on tonsils, collect bacteria

enlarged and malodorous

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10
Q

Tonsillolithiasis

A

calcified tonsillar concretion, painful, miniscule to massive, older people

visible on XRAYS

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11
Q

Diphtheria

A

C. diptheriae

exotoxin necrosis of nasal tonsillar, pharyngeal areas

gray pseudomembranous on tonsils
cervical lymphadenopathy

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12
Q

Transmission/risk/tx Diptheria

A

contagious resp droplets

tx: antitoxin and ABX

risk of airway obstruction

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13
Q

Syphilis

A

Treponema Pallidum
epidemic in wpg

3 phases: primary, secondary, tertiary

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14
Q

Primary syphilis

A

Solitary chancre/papular painless lesion on lip/site of inoculation

transmitted to mom/fetus, sexual contact, infective lesion

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15
Q

Secondary Syphilis

A

ulcer, yellow-gray mucus patches rash on face, palms, feet

infective saliva

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16
Q

Tertiary Syphilis

A

30% develop gumma indurated hard mass then ulcerates

tx: pen

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17
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Neisseria Gonorrohoeae

oral lesion on tongue
tonsillar pustular lesions

can produce pelvic inflammatory disease in women

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18
Q

Gonorrhea transmission

A

mother to fetus during birth

sexual contact

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19
Q

TB

A

mycobacterium TB
painful non healing oral ulcers on mucosa and tongue

weight loss, cough, fever

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20
Q

TB transmission/risks

A

resp precaution if active
direct contact
crosses placenta

dental: N95, filter in room

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21
Q

Leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

2 types:
tuberculoid and lepromatous

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22
Q

Tuberculoid Leprosy

A

small well circumscribed pigmented skin lesions

nerve involved and parasthersia

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23
Q

Lepromatous Leprosy

A

many ill defined macules, thickened oral papules
face common site

hair loss, skin enlarged, nerve involved, similar to geographic tongue

24
Q

Noma

A

opportunistic polymicrobial prevotella, fusobacterium

begins as ANUG, spreads to cheek/face

blue/black discolor of skin

follow recent viral infection

25
Q

Noma tx

A

tx: pen, debride wound

26
Q

Actinomycosis

A

Actinomyces israelii enters trauma area (surgery, exo, root canal)

abscess forms, drains yellow pus in lower face

tonsillar hyperplasia and salivary gland involved

27
Q

Actinomycosis tx

A

tx: with pen, drain abscess, excise sinus tracts

28
Q

Cat scratch disease

A

Bartonella henselae
papule along scratch

fever, malaise
submandibular lymphadenopathy single node!

29
Q

Cat scratch tx

A

tx: analgesics, ABX only if severe

30
Q

Sinusitis

A

S pneumonia, H influenza, S aureus, S pyogenes, Moraxella, maybe fungal

inflammation of lining of paranasal sinuses

headache, fever, pain near affected sinus
confused with tooth infection

discharge

31
Q

Sinusitis tx

A

Abx

32
Q

Bacterial sialadenitis

A

older population

bacteria block salivary glands=swelling, trismus, inflammation, exudate

bacterial version of mumps

33
Q

Bacterial sialadenitis tx

A

ABX and analgesics

34
Q

Candidiasis

A

Candida albicans on commissures and dentures
3 types: pseudomembranous
erythematous
hyperplastic

35
Q

pseudomembranous candidiasis

A

raised white curd-like removable plaque, leaves erythema when wiped

aka thrush

36
Q

erythematous candidiasis

A

denture wearers and HIV+

37
Q

hyperplastic candidiasis

A

rare white plaque does not come off, premalignant

38
Q

Candidiasis risk/tx

A

re-infection via tooth brushes, partners, dentures

tx: systemic antifungals

39
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

dimorphic mid west US

indurated oral ulcers with rolled borders covered with grey membrane (pseudomembranous)

40
Q

Histoplasmosis transmission

A

inhale bird/bat droppings

41
Q

Blastomycosis

A

dimorphic fungus in kenora
B dermatitis
causes uncommon pulmonary infection

irregular ulcers with firm borders

42
Q

Blastomycosis transmission

A

inhale spores from soil

43
Q

Paraccidioidomycosis

A

dimorphic fungus in S america
paracocciddiodes brasiliensis

lesions on tongue, palate
ging papules vesicles then ulcers

44
Q

Paraccidioidomycosis transmission

A

inhale spores

45
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

A

dirmorphic fungus in South US
cocciddiodies immitis

large ulcers, skin lesions

46
Q

Coccidioidomycosis transmission

A

inhale dust containing spores

47
Q

Crypotococossis

A

Cryptococosis neoformans
yeast
serious in HIV

non-specific ulcer, non healing nodules

48
Q

Crypotococossis transmission

A

spread from inhaling spores from soil or bird/bat droppings

49
Q

Zygomycosis

A

Absidia, Mucor

palatal ulcerations, necrotic fistulas

50
Q

Zygomycosis transmission

A

bread mold

51
Q

Aspergilllis

A

necrotic ulcers covered with black coat

52
Q

Aspergilllis transmission

A

mold found in soil and water vegetation

53
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

protozoa: toxoplasmosis gondii

54
Q

Toxoplasmosis transmission/risk

A

risk to fetus, HIV pt
lymphadenopathy

transmitted thru undercooked pork, rodents, sheep, goats, sine, cattle, cats

55
Q

Congenital Hutchinson triad

A

associated with primary syphilis

mulberry molars, notched incisors, inflammation of 8th cornea nerve

56
Q

Leprosy tx

A

depends on type but rifampin, dapsone, clofazimine

57
Q

NOMA risk factors

A

malnutrition, children, viral infections, underdeveloped countries

Oral Path (3 decks)

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