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Microbiology > Bacteria - Diseases > Flashcards

Bacteria - Diseases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Food poisoning <6hr

A

S. aureus -> enterotoxin -> intoxication

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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2
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus ~50%

bacterial infection of bone

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3
Q

Septic Arthritis

A

S. aureus (w/ N. gonorrhoeae) Most common

bacterial infect of joint

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4
Q

Endocarditis

A

S. aureus ~1/3

infect of heart, usually valves. S aureus very destructive, progresses fast

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5
Q

S. aureus pneumonia

A

rare, very destructive

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6
Q

Pharyngitis

A

S. pyogenes (Type A Strep)
Outcomes: recover (3-5 days), scarlet fever, supperative sequelae (otidis media, sinusitis), rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

Scarlet Fever

A

Hypersensitivity to S. pyogenes pyrogenic toxin
1-2 days after pharyngitis
Sx: Diffuse “sandpaper” rash (esp at skin folds, spares palms, soles, face); desquamates; strawberry tongue

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8
Q

Acute Rheumatic Fever

A

Cause unknown
1-4 weeks after S. pyogenes infection
Prevention: antibiotic tx
Sx: migrating polyarthritis, mitral/aortic valve damage, chorea (involuntary movement), painless subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, “Aschoff nodules”
Tx: corticosteroids, aspirin, antibiotics (to prevent recurrence)
Outcome: resolves in weeks-months; long-term heart valve damage

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9
Q

Poststreptococcal Acute Glomerulonephritis

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity; Immunocomplexes (IgG + complement)
1-3 weeks after S. pyogenes infection
Not prevented by antibiotic tx
Sx: Edema, hypertension, rusty colored urine

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10
Q

Skin & Soft Tissue Infections

A

Staphlococcus (S. aureus, coagulase-negative)

S. pyogenes (group A strep)

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11
Q

SSSS (Ritter’s disease)

A

S. aureus - exfoliative toxins
Desquamation over most of body
Children who lack antibody

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12
Q

Bullous impetigo

A

S. aureus - exfoliative toxins

Local desquamation -> large blisters (bullae)

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13
Q

Folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles

A

S. aureus (>90%)

Pyogenic infection of hair follicles

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14
Q

Impetigo

A

S. aureus or S. pyogenes
Infection of epidermis
Oozing lesions, honey-colored crust

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15
Q

Cellulitis

A

S. aureus or S. pyogenes

Infection of subcutaneous tissue

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16
Q

Erysipelas

A

S. pyogenes (>90%)
Dermis, Dermal lymphatic infection
Painful red area, sharply demarcated, raised border; usually legs or face

17
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

Type I: multimicrobial; obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes (S. pyogenes, S. aureus, E. coli)
Type II: Monomicrobial; S. pyogenes (or S. aureus)
Infectino of subcutaneous tissue, fascia (often legs)
Preceded by local trauma
Sx: begins with fever; painful, red, tender swelling; progresses to grey-purple with bullae, then gangrene
Tx: Surgical debridement, antibiotics

18
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

A

S. aureus (or S. pyogenes)
Superantigen toxin (TSST-1) stimulates many T-cells, releasing cytokines
Prolongued tampon use
Sx: fever, shock, rash (including palms, soles), organ failure
Lack of TSST-1 antibody increases susceptibility

19
Q

Bacterial Meningitis - Sx

A

Headache, fever, photophobia, neck stiffness, Kernig’s & Brudzinski’s signs
Late: Confusion, stupor Coma

20
Q

Bacterial Meningitis - Lab findings

A

Elevated opening pressure
Elevated WBC (>80% PMNs)
Elevated protein
Decreased glucose

21
Q

Bacterial Meningitis - Top 5

A 
Neisseria meningitidis
Listeria monocytogenes
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
22
Q

*Rocky Mountain spotted fever - Sx

A
  • fever
  • severe headache
  • myalgia
  • arthralgia
  • nausea
  • evolving rash (start as macular –> maculopapular –> petechial), begins day 3-5
  • rash begins on ankles & wrists, spreads centrally & palms & soles
23
Q

*Ehrlichia - Sx

A
  • fever, malaise, myalgia, chills

- thrombocytopenia & leukopenia

24
Q

*Rickettsialpox - Sx

A
  • single painless red papule at site of mite bite (initial Sx) –> vesicular –> eschar
  • fever, chills, myalgia, headache, diffuse rash
25
Q

gastroenteritis

A

Salmonella, shigella

26
Q

enterohemorrhagic E coli (EAggEC)

A

Persistent childhood diarrhea, traveler’s diarrhea (dehydration, no PMN)

27
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

bloody diarrhea

28
Q

Entertoxigenic E coli

A

traveler’s diarrhea (watery, nonbloody, large vol, dehyrdation, no PMN in stool)

29
Q

Enteropathogenic E coli

A

persistent childhood diarrhea (watery, nonbloody, small vol, dehydration, occasionally fever, no PMN in stool

30
Q

Enteroinvasive E coli

A

Shigella-like dysentery (bloody diarhhea, fever, abdominal cramping, PMN in stool)

31
Q

enterohemorrhagic E coli (EHEC)

A

hemorrhagic colitis (bloody diarrhea, fever, dehydration, PMN, hemolytic uremic syndrome = bad)

32
Q

Enteroadherent E coli

A

persistent childhood diarrhea, traveler’s diarrhea (dehydration, no PMN)

33
Q

Clostridium difficile

A
  • normally found in stool of well ppl
  • when overgrow & produce toxin, pseudomembranous colitis
  • diarrhea w/high fevers, abdominal cramping, marked leukocytosis (WBC >20k)
34
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome

A
  • complication of EHEC (enterohemorrhagic E coli)
  • microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • thrombosis of glomerular capillaries
  • -> acute renal failure
35
Q

Salmonellae

A
  • gastroenteritis (fever, mucoidy/watery diarrhea, abd cramping, tenesmus, diarrhea often preceded by nausea & vomiting, PMN, sometimes RBC)
  • typhoid fever (prolonged fevers, headache, rash, constipation or diarrhea, weight loss, general malaise; infectious arthritis, meningitis, gallbladder or liver abcess
  • sepsis
36
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

chronic gastritis & peptic ulcer disease

  • Sx: nausea, anorexia, vomiting, epigastric pain often relieved by eating
  • precursor of gastric adenocarcinoma & probably gastric lymphoma
  • most asymptomatic
37
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - vulnerable pop

A 
very young
elderly
male
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
chronic alcohol abuse
black

Microbiology (8 decks)

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