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Bacteriology Exam 2 > Bacteria (Diana's Half) > Flashcards

Bacteria (Diana's Half) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the species affected in Staphylococcus Aureus

A

Cattle - mastitis
Humans - toxic shock or food poisoning

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2
Q

Is Staphylococcus Aureus considered normal flora ?

A

yes, it is found in animals and humans

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3
Q

What is the gram-stain/morphology of Staphylococcus Aureus

A

Gram + , cocci ( can have clusters )

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4
Q

What are the pathogenic features of Staphylococcus Aureus

A

polysaccharide capsule, catalase, hemolysins, exfoliative toxins, TSS 1 toxin, enterotoxins, urease, biofilms

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5
Q

Where is Staphylococcus Aureus located/resides

A

mucosal surfaces of animals and people

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6
Q

What is the transmission route for Staphylococcus Aureus

A

opportunistic, epithelial damage ( can occur exogenerously from host or fomite contact ) ( mastitis - infected milk/machine)

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7
Q

What is the clinical presentation seen in Staphylococcus Aureus

A

pus
in humans, toxic shock or food poisoning
Mastitis in cattle

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8
Q

What is the treatment for Staphylococcus Aureus

A

antibiotics, teat dipping ( pre and post milking ) milk machine maintenance

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9
Q

Is Staphylococcus Aureus zoonotic ?

A

YES

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10
Q

Is Staphylococcus Aureus resistant to B-lactams ?

A

yes

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11
Q

Can Staphylococcus Aureus be nosocomial ( originate in hospital )

A

yes

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12
Q

What are the species affected in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ?

A

dogs and cats

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13
Q

Is the flora in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius normal ?

A

yes, its normal

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14
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ?

A

gram +
cocci, can have clusters

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15
Q

What are the pathogenic features of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

A

polysaccharide capsule, catalase, hemolysins, exfoliative toxins, TSS 1 toxin, enterotoxins, urease, biofilms

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16
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus is considered MRSA , true or false ?

A

True

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17
Q

What are the pathogenic features of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

A

polysaccharide capsule, catalase, hemolysins, exfoliative toxins, TSS 1 toxin, enterotoxins, urease, biofilms

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18
Q

Where does Staphylococcus pseudintermedius reside ?

A

ears, throat, nasal and genital mucous mem, and sometimes skin

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19
Q

What is the transmission route of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

A

opportunistic, epithelial damage ( can occur exogenously from host or fomite contact nonsocomial )

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20
Q

What is the clinical presentation in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

A

pyoderma ( secondary to trauma ) ( superficial or deep ) , otitis, eye infection , cystitis ( calculus formation )

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21
Q

What is the treatment for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

A

shampoo, resolve underlying problem, B lactamase resistant abx

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22
Q

True or false, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is MRSP

A

true

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23
Q

What are the species affected for Staphylococcus hycius ?

A

young swine about 1-7wk old

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24
Q

What disease is Staphylococcus hycius also known for

A

greasy pig

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25
Q

Is Staphylococcus hycius normal or abnormal flora

A

yes ( sow )

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26
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology of Staphylococcus hycius

A

gram +
cocci, can cluster

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27
Q

What are some pathogenic features of Staphylococcus hycius

A

Produces exfoliative toxin
Disease is probably systemic due to toxin absorption - resulting in degenerative changes in renal tubular epithelium

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28
Q

What are some pathogenic features of Staphylococcus hycius

A

polysaccharide capsule, catalase, hemolysins, exfoliative toxins, TSS 1 toxin, enterotoxins, urease, biofilms

exfoliative toxin - primary

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29
Q

Where is Staphylococcus hycius located/reside

A

normal flora in sow
nasal passage

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30
Q

What is the transmission route for Staphylococcus hycius

A

lesions from bite wounds

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31
Q

What is the clinical presentation for Staphylococcus hycius

A

exudative dermatitis

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32
Q

What is the treatment of Staphylococcus hycius

A

cut needle teeth, topical and systemic abx, wash

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33
Q

What are the species affected in Streptococcus agalactiae

A

cattle ( dairy )

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34
Q

Is Streptococcus agalactiae normal flora

A

yes

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35
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology for Streptococcus agalactiae

A

gram +
basophillic, cocci ( can form chains )

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36
Q

What are the pathogenic features of Streptococcus agalactiae

A

M-protein, capsule, hemolysins

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37
Q

Where is Streptococcus agalactiae located ?

A

mucous membrane of upper resp
GI or lower genital tract

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38
Q

What is the transmission route for Streptococcus agalactiae

A

exogenous or endogenous ( from self or fmoites/ infected animals ) ( milking procedures )

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39
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Streptococcus agalactiae

A

abscess formation ( pus ) and septicemia ( mastitis )

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40
Q

What treatment is used in Streptococcus agalactiae

A

abx , teat dipping, sanitation, cull chronically infected, vaccinate

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41
Q

What are the species affected in Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae

A

cattle ( dairy )

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42
Q

Is the flora in Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae normal ?

A

yes, found in cattle ( GI Tract )

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43
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology of Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae

A

Gram +
basophillic
cocci, can form chains

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44
Q

What are the pathogenic features of Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae

A

M-protein
capsule
hemolysins

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45
Q

Where is Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae located/resides

A

GI Tract flora of cattle, environment ( manure/ wet surroundings )

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46
Q

What is the transmission route for Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae

A

manure-contaminated , can pass from cow to cow once infected

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47
Q

What is the clinical presentaion for Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae

A

masitits
abscess formation ( pus )

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48
Q

What is the treatment for Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae

A

abx/ teat dipping, avoid teat injuries, clean bedding, dry environment, sand can minimize environment

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49
Q

What species are affected in Streptococcus suis

A

swine ( new born )

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50
Q

Is Streptococcus suis normal flora

A

yes , normal

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51
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology for Streptococcus suis

A

gram +
basophillic
cocci ( can form chains )

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52
Q

What are the pathogenic features of Streptococcus suis

A

M-protein
capsule
hemolysins

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53
Q

Where is Streptococcus suis located/resides

A

tonsils, nostrils, vagina of adult carriers

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54
Q

What is the transmission route of Streptococcus suis

A

newborn infected during birth ( vaginal )

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55
Q

What is the clinical presentation for Streptococcus suis

A

septicemia
arthritis
meningitis
pericarditis
endocarditis
pneumonia

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56
Q

What is the treatment for Streptococcus suis

A

no treatment

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57
Q

What species are affected in Streptococcus canis

A

dogs

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58
Q

Is Streptococcus canis normal flora

A

yes

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59
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology of Streptococcus canis

A

gram +
basophillic
cocci ( can form chains )

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60
Q

What are the pathogenic features of Streptococcus canis

A

M-protein
capsule
hemolysins

61
Q

Where are the organisms located/reside in Streptococcus canis

A

normal flora of skin and mucus membrane in dogs and cats

62
Q

What is the transmission route of Streptococcus canis

A
63
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Streptococcus canis

A

otitis
pneumonia secondary to resp viral disease

64
Q

What is the treatment of Streptococcus canis

A

no treatment ?

65
Q

What species are affect by steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus )

A

equine ( horses & foals )

66
Q

Is steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus ) normal flora

A

yes

67
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology in steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus )

A

gram +
basophillic
cocci ( can form chains )

68
Q

What are the pathogenic features in steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus )

A

M-protein
capsule
hemolysins

69
Q

Where is the organism located in steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus )

A

flora of URT and vagina

70
Q

What is the transmission route of steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus )

A

often secondary to resp virus infection

71
Q

What is the clinical presentaion of steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus )

A

pneumonia septicemia ( foals )
metritis and infertility in mare

72
Q

Is steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus ) zoonotic

A

yes

73
Q

What are the species affected in streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )

A

equine

74
Q

Is streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi ) normal flora

A

no

75
Q

What is the gram stain. morphology in streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )

A

gram +
basophillic
cocci ( can form chains )

76
Q

What are the pathogenic features in streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )

A

M-protein
capsule
hemolysins

77
Q

Where are the organisms located/reside in streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )

A

infected fomites, environment ( survives 2 months out of host )

78
Q

What is the transmission route of streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )

A

inhalation
contact with infected secretions in environment/fomites

79
Q

What is the clinical presentation for streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )

A

fever
anorexia
painful mandibular
retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy with abscess and rupture
nasal charge

80
Q

What is the treatment in streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )

A

culture
PCR
nasal swab
isolation
disinfection
abx
reportable disease

81
Q

Is bastard strangles zoonotic

A

no

82
Q

is there a vaccine for bastard strangles

A

yes but for at risk populations

83
Q

What are some complications that can arise from bastard strangles

A

guttural pouch empyema
purpura hemorrhagic

84
Q

What species are affected by enterococcus spp

A

animals and humans

85
Q

Is enterococcus spp normal flora

A

yes

86
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology of enterococcus spp

A

gram+
cocci, chains or diplococcus
single organisms

87
Q

What are the pathogenic features of enterococcus spp

A

polysaccharide capsule

88
Q

The organism of enterococcus spp is located/resides where

A

animals
human GI Tract

89
Q

What is the transmission route of enterococcus spp

A

endogenous infection from flora
opportunist

90
Q

What is the clinical presentation of enterococcus spp

A

diarrhea in young animals
otitis
cystitis
wound infection

91
Q

What is the treatment of enterococcus spp

A

abx
fluids
supportive care
hygiene

92
Q

In enterococcus spp , what species is transposon encoded abx resistance common in

A

humans

93
Q

What is the species affected in Listeria Monocytogenes

A

ruminants

94
Q

Is Listeria Monocytogenes normal flora

A

no

95
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology of Listeria Monocytogenes

A

gram +
rod shaped

96
Q

What are the pathogenic features of Listeria Monocytogenes

A

facultative
invade many host cells
listeriolysin O
intracellular replication
actin polymerization
pseudopod

97
Q

Where are the organisms in Listeria Monocytogenes located/reside

A

soil
water
farm feed
spoiled silage

98
Q

What is the transmission route of Listeria Monocytogenes

A

ingestion
can be inhaled
transit along nerves to CNS

99
Q

What is the clinical presentation in Listeria Monocytogenes

A

abortion or neural/CNS form
circling disease
fever
head pressing
nystagmus

100
Q

What is the treatment in Listeria Monocytogenes

A

100% fatal if untreated
early antibiotics
avoid poor quality silage

101
Q

Listeria Monocytogenes common in what type of host

A

immunocompromised

102
Q

In the winter and spring , Listeria Monocytogenes affects what two species

A

cattle and sheep

103
Q

Is Listeria Monocytogenes zoonotic

A

yes

104
Q

Rhodococcus Equi is seen what species

A

FOALS LESS THAN 6 MONTHS
and
immunocompromised humans

105
Q

Is Rhodococcus Equi normal flora

A

no

106
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology in Rhodococcus Equi

A

gram +
coccobacillius
salmon color
colonies

107
Q

What are the pathogenic features in Rhodococcus Equi

A

facultative intracellular of macrophages , plasmid, VapA

108
Q

Where is Rhodococcus Equi located/reside

A

soil
equine manure

109
Q

What is the transmission route of Rhodococcus Equi

A

inhalation
ingestion

110
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Rhodococcus Equi

A

pyogranulomatous
pneumonia
concomitant enteritis
weight loss
osteomyelitis

111
Q

What is the treatment of Rhodococcus Equi

A

many resolve without treatment
showing clinical signs ? can treat long term with abx with MACROLIDE
hyperimune plasma given at birth ( prevention )

112
Q

What is the pre-requisite of Rhodococcus Equi

A

immaturity/compromised maturity

113
Q

The history of Rhodococcus Equi comes from ?

A

farm

114
Q

Is Rhodococcus Equi zoonotic ?

A

yes

115
Q

What species are affected in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae ?

A

swine
turkeys
young ruminants
humans

116
Q

Is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae normal flora

A

yes
found on skin of fish
mucus membranes
GI tract of carrier swine

117
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

gram _
typically rod shaped
sometimes filamentous

118
Q

What are the pathogenic features of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

neuraminidase

119
Q

Where are the organisms found/reside in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

water
soil

120
Q

What is the transmission route of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

ingestion of contaminated feed
soil
water
feces
ingestion of fishmeal
shed by carrier pigs
( secretions, saliva, feces)

121
Q

What are the clinical presentations seen in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

swine : erysipelas “diamond skin disease”, skin infarct, actue septicemia, endocarditis, arthritis

Turkey/poultry: cyanotic skin, endocarditis , arthritis

Sheep and calves : arthritis

Humans: erysipeloid, swelling, systematic complications

122
Q

What is the treatment in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

not effective in chronic forms ( athritis )
antibiotics - penincillin in swine and turkeys
vaccines are available

Humans : can take penincillin

123
Q

Are older or younger swine more susceptible in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

younger

124
Q

Is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae zoonotic

A

yes

125
Q

Corynebacterium renale is found in what species

A

cattle

126
Q

Is Corynebacterium renale normal flora

A

yes, lower genital mucosa

127
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology in Corynebacterium renale

A

small gram +
pleomorphic rods ( many sizes )
cluster
facultative anaerobe

128
Q

What are the pathogenic features in Corynebacterium renale

A

urease

129
Q

Where is the organism located/reside in Corynebacterium renale

A

bacteria shed
contaminate pasture

130
Q

What is the transmission route in Corynebacterium renale

A

endogenous common

131
Q

What is the clinical presentation in Corynebacterium renale

A

pus formation / neutrophils
pyelonephritis ( cystitis, urethritis )
purulent blood urine

132
Q

What is the treatment in Corynebacterium renale

A

reduce protein in diet
penicillin

133
Q

What species are affected in Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis

A

sheep and goats

134
Q

Is Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis normal flora

A

yes

135
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology of Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis

A

small gram +
pleomorphic rods ( many sizes )
cluster, facultative anaerobe

136
Q

What are the pathogenic features in Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis

A

urease

137
Q

Where are the organisms located in Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis

A

bacteria shed and contaminate pasture

138
Q

What is the transmission route in Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis

A

endogenous common

139
Q

What is the clinical presentation in Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis

A

pizzle rot
inflammation, ulcers/scabs around prepuce

140
Q

What is the treatment in Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis

A

reduce high protein in diet, clip and clean around prepuce

141
Q

What species are affected in Corynebacterium pseudo-tuberculosis

A

small ruminants and horses

142
Q

Is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis normal flora

A

Yes, GI tract

143
Q

What is the gram stain/morphology of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

small gram +
pleomorphic rods ( many sizes )
facultative anaerobe

144
Q

What are the pathogenic features in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

facultative intracellular of macrophages
phospholipase D

145
Q

Where does the organism reside/located in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

soil

146
Q

What is the transmission route in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

enter abrasions/injuries
spread via lymphatic system
direct pus contact
mechanical transmission by insects

147
Q

What is the clinical presentaion of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

ruminants : caseous lymphadenitis, abscesses of superficial LNs, visceral disease with abscesses

Horses: pigeon fever, pectoral abscesses and cellulitis , internal abscess possible

148
Q

What is the treatment of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

abx generally ineffective
limit exposure and segregate infected animals
avoid shearing injuries
vaccine available ( prevention )

Horses : drain abscess, long term abx , vaccine

Bacteriology Exam 2 (2 decks)

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