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Bacteria Classifications Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular vs acellular

A

-Cellular has genetic info; replicates autonomously
E.g. Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes
-Acellular is able to do one/both
E.g. Viruses, prions

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2
Q

Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes - num of cells

A

Eukaryotes - multicellular
E.g. fungi, protozoa, helminths
Prokaryotes - unicellular
E.g. bacteria

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3
Q

Gram stain purpose

A

Differentiate between gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria

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4
Q

Similarities in gram +ve and gram -ve (cell envelope)

A
  • Contain innermost phospholipid bilayer

- Have cell wall

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5
Q

Differences in gram +ve and gram -ve (cell envelope)

A
  • Cell wall thicker in gram +ve than gram -ve
  • Extra layer of phospholipids above cell wall in gram -ve
  • Gap (periplasm) between inner phospholipid bilayer and cell wall in gram -ve
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6
Q

Gram stain process

A
  1. Add crystal violet dye
  2. Add iodine dye
  3. Alcohol water wash
  4. Safranin as counterstain for red colour
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7
Q

Alcohol water wash effect on gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria

A

In gram +ve the dyes are retained but for gram -ve they are washed away

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8
Q

Periplasm can store beta lactamase (T/F)

A

True

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9
Q

Cell wall - bacteria - made up of

A
  • Peptidoglycans – sugar backbone NAN, NAG

- Peptide side chains on sugar backbone

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10
Q

Gram -ve cell wall components

A

Porins - tubular; connects outside environment to periplasm

Murein lipoproteins - connects cell wall to outer membrane

LPS - Lipopolysaccharide - O lipids, core polysaccharide, Lipid A/endotoxin (embedded in outer membrane)

Endotoxins - present gram -ve’s, only present in one gram +ve — Listeria

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11
Q

Antibiotics do not travel through porins (T/F)

A

False

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12
Q

Porins can change to avoid antibiotics travelling through porins (T/F)

A

True

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13
Q

Gram +ve cell wall components

A

Lipotechoic acids- embedded in cell wall; regulates enzymes; can cause immune response

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14
Q

Gram +ve and -ve cell wall similarities

A
  • Flagella – tail like; attached to a basal body for anchoring
  • Pili/fimbriae – attach one bacteria to another/mucosal human structures (grappling hook)
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15
Q

Host immune response to bacteria

A

Bacteria are slippery - need something to stick out like pins
Antibodies and C3B (complement cascade) attached to bacteria – makes it easier for host immune system to destroy cells
-> They act as opsonins

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16
Q

Opsonin function

A

-allows macrophages to attach and consume cells

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17
Q

Bacteria possessing capsules

A 
SHiN SkiS
Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Haemophilus influenza type B, 
Neisseria meningitidis, 
Salmonella, 
Klebseilla pneumoniae, 
group B strep.
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18
Q

Bacterial genome

A
  • Bacterial chromosome – contains essential bacterial genes
  • Plasmids - transfer factors to other bacteria
    - Antibiotic resistance
    - Toxins
    - Code for virulence factors – pili, flagella
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19
Q

Bacteria transferring genes via transformation

A

These can all cause meningitis and has IgA-ase - degrades IgA
S pneumoniae
H influenza type B
Neisseria

20
Q

IgA function

A

Prevents adherence of bacteria to surfaces

21
Q

Conjugation process

A

F+ cell has the plasmid
F- lacks the conjugation gene
Hfr cell - chromosome is incorporated

22
Q

Transposition process

A

Via Transposons - jumping genes
Can move from:
plasmid -> plasmid
plasmid -> chromosome

23
Q

Transduction process

A

Via bacteriophages
Generalized transduction
Specialized transduction
- can transfer genes for antibiotic resistance to bacteria

24
Q

Bacteria classified by cell wall properties

A

Wall absent
Thin, flexible walls present
Strong cell wall present (not necessarily thick wall, just inflexible)

25
Q

Wall less cell classifications

A

Mycoplasma - causing pneumonia

26
Q

Flexible, thin wall classifications

A

Spirochetes

  • Treponema – Syphilis
  • Borelia – Lyme disease
  • Leptospira – Leptospirosis
27
Q

Rigid cell wall classifications

A 
Non free living (obligate, intracellular)
Free living (extracellular)
28
Q

Non free living (obligate, intracellular) classifications

A

Rickettsia (RMSF, Typhus, Q fever)

Chlamydia (urethritis, trachoma, psittacosis)

29
Q

Free living classifications

A

Gram +ve
Gram -ve
Acid fast

30
Q

Gram +ve classification

A

Cocci
Spore forming rods
Non spore forming rods

31
Q

Cocci classification

A

Streptococcus - pneumonia, pharyngitis, cellulitis

Staphylococcus - abscess of skin + other organs

32
Q

Spore forming rods classification

A

Anaerobic

Aerobic

33
Q

Anaerobic classification

A

Clostridium

Tetanus, gas gagrene, botulism

34
Q

Aerobic classification

A

Bacillus (Anthrax)

35
Q

Non spore forming rods classification

A

Non filamentous

Filamentous

36
Q

Non filamentous classification

A

Corynebacterium (Diptheria)

Listeria (meningitis)

37
Q

Filamentous classification

A

Actinomycetes (Actinomycosis)

Nocardia
Nocardiosis

38
Q

Gram negative classification

A

Cocci
Facultative
Aerobic
Anaerobic

39
Q

Cocci

A

Neisseria

Gonorrhea, meningitis

40
Q

Facultative

A

Straight

Curved

41
Q

Straight classification

A

Respiratory
Zoonotic organisms
Enteric organisms

42
Q

Respiratory organisms

A

Haemophilus (meningitis)
Bordetella (whooping cough)
Legionella (Pneumonia)

43
Q

Zoonotic organisms

A

Brucella (Brucellosis)
Francisella (Tularemia)
Pasteurella (Cellulitis)
Yesinia (plague)

44
Q

Enteric organisms

A

Escheria (UTI, diarrhea)

Enterobacter (UTI)

Serratia (Pneumonia)

Klebseilla (Pneumonia, UTI)

Salmonella (Endocarditis, Typhoid fever)

Shigella (Enterocolitis)

45
Q

Facultative - curved organisms

A

Campylobacter (Enterocolitis)
Helicobacter (gastritis, peptic ulcer)
Vibrio (cholera)

46
Q

Gram -ve - aerobic organisms

A

Pseudomonas (pneumonia, UTI)

47
Q

Gram -ve – aerobic organisms

A

Bacteroids (Peritonitis)

Bacteriology (9 decks)

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