Bacteria and Viruses

Question 1

Bacterium

Answer 1

Microscopic prokaryote.

Question 2

Conjugation

Answer 2

Process in which two bacteria of the same species attach to each other and share genetic material.

Question 3

Endospore

Answer 3

Form of bacterium that has a thick internal wall around its chromosome and part of the cytoplasm.

Question 4

Fission

Answer 4

Cell division that forms two genetically identical cells.

Question 5

Flagellum

Answer 5

Long whiplike structure that helps some bacteria move.

Question 6

Antibiotic

Answer 6

Medicine that stops the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Question 7

Bioremediation

Answer 7

Use of organisms to clean up environmental pollution.

Question 8

Decomposition

Answer 8

Breakdown of dead organisms and organic waste.

Question 9

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 9

Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that living things can use.

Question 10

Pasteurization

Answer 10

Process of heating food to a temperature that kills most harmful bacteria.

Question 11

Pathogen

Answer 11

Agent that causes disease.

Question 12

Resistance

Answer 12

Capacity of an organism to defend itself against disease.

Question 13

Antibody

Answer 13

Protein that can attach to a pathogen and make it useless.

Question 14

Immunity

Answer 14

Ability of an organism to resist a virus or infection.

Question 15

Mutation

Answer 15

Change in DNA or RNA.

Question 16

Vaccine

Answer 16

Mixture containing material from one or more deactivated pathogens.

Question 17

Virus

Answer 17

Strand of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein layer that can infect and replicate in a host cell.