bacteria and viruses

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

an organism that consists of a single cell

Question 2

bacilli

Answer 2

a taxonomic class of bacteria that includes two orders, Bacillales and Lactobacillales, which contain several well-known pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis

Question 3

cocci

Answer 3

any spherical or roughly spherical bacterium.

Question 4

spirilla

Answer 4

a bacterium with a rigid spiral structure, found in stagnant water and sometimes causing disease.

Question 5

Binary fission

Answer 5

sexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA.

Question 6

endospore

Answer 6

a resistant asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria cells.

Question 7

nitrogen fixation

Answer 7

the chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds, especially by certain microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle.

Question 8

bioremedation

Answer 8

the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms or other forms of life to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean up a polluted site.

Question 9

Antibiotic

Answer 9

a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.

Question 10

Pathogenic bacteria

Answer 10

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.

Question 11

virus

Answer 11

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.

Question 12

host

Answer 12

In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic.