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Clinical Management exam I > Bacteria and Pathogens > Flashcards

Bacteria and Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Tests that identify gram + cocci?

A

blood agar - hemolysis

coagulase testing

PURPLE

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2
Q

tests to identify gram - rods?

A

oxidase testing

Lactose testing

PINK

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3
Q

which is gram - and which is +?

A

PURPLE - positive

PINK - negative

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4
Q

what a culture report tells and does NOT tell you

A

Tells - identify bacteria / fungus

NOT - infection vs colonization

which abx to use

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5
Q

define MIC

A

The MIC number is the lowest concentration (in μg/mL) of an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of a given strain of bacteria.

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6
Q

Gram + cocci in clusters is noted, most likely organism?

A

staphlyococcus

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7
Q

name some common gram + COCCI

A

staph

strep

enterococcus

peptostreptococcus (anaerobic)

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8
Q

name some common gram + bacilli

A

clostridium (anerobic)

acillus anthracis

listeria

corynebacterium

CALC

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9
Q

Name some common Gram - COCCI

A

neisseria

gonorrhoeae

nerisseria meningitdes

moraxella

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10
Q

Name some common gram - Bacilli (lactose fermenting)

A

serratia

E. coli

enterobacter

Klebsiella

citobacter

SEEK C

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11
Q

name some common gram - bacilli (non-lactose fermentaing)

A

pseudomonas

acinetobacter

salmonella

shigella

proteus

camplyobacter

bacteroides

Yersinia

Stenotrophomonas

legionella

PASS PCB YSL

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12
Q

where is staph aerus normall found

A

skin

nares

respiratory tract

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13
Q

name dx where s. auerus could be pathogenic

A

cellulitis

abcesses

bone, joint

endocarditis

MRSA/MSSA

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14
Q

where is staphlyococcus epidermidis normally found?

is it virulent?

A

skin

no - assoc w/ prothetic and device infections

contaminant in blood cultures common

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15
Q

is staph epidermidis coagulase + or -

A

NEG

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16
Q

what are the sites of infection for HA-MRSA

A

lungs

GU

blood

surgical sites

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17
Q

what are the sites of infection seen with CA-MRSA

A

skin/soft tissue

lungs (causeing nectrotizing pneumonia)

younger population

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18
Q

resistance of HA-MRSA

A

B-lactams

macrolides

clinda

FQs

TMP-SMX (bactrim)

tetracyclines

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19
Q

resistance of CA-MRSA

A

beta-lactams

macrolides

increased FQs

tetracyclines

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20
Q

examples of alpha hemolytic streptococcus

A

s. pnuemoniae

strep viridans

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21
Q

examples of beta hemolytic streptococcus

A

Greou A hemolytic strep (GABHS)

Group b streptococcus

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22
Q

examples of gamma hemolytic streptococcus

A

enetercoccus

peptostreptococcus

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23
Q

enetercoccus are Gram (Negative / Positive) Cocci, anerobic, Belong to the GROUP ___ Streptococcus

A

POSITIVE

Group D

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24
Q

where does entercoccus usually colonize?

is it virulent?

A

human intestine

occasionally vaginal and oral cavity

NO- oppurtunistic pathogen most common UTI from catheterization

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25
Q

enterococcus is intrinsically resistant to a variety of commonly used antimicrobials and has also acquired ____ resistance.

A

VRE

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26
Q

Define enteric gram -

A

Enteric means a group of bacteria that live in intestines aka “GUT” GNR (Gram Negative Rods)

Aerobic - Include lactose and non-lactose fermenting organisms

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27
Q

common enteric gram - pathogens

A

Enterobacteriaciae family:

E. Coli

Proteus

Serratia

Acinetobacter

Citrobacter

Enterobacter

Salmonella

Klebsiella

SPACES KC

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28
Q

hospital acquired infections caused by Enterobacteriaciae.

community acquired?

A

Late Hospital Acquired or Ventilator assisted pneumonia

complicated UTI

CA- abdominal inf

UIT

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29
Q

H-N-M are gram ____ (anaerobic / aerobic) cocci

A

Haemophilus (coccobacilli) • Neisseria • Moraxella

NEG aerobic cocci

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30
Q

drug resistance of Enterobacteriaciae

A

beta lactams

ESBLs

CRE

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31
Q

Common infections of Haemophilus and Moraxella include ______ ______ ______.

Common infections of Neisseria are ______ and ____.

A

Haemophilus and Moraxella include upper and lower respiratory tract infections

Neisseria are meningitis and STIs

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32
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is a gram ____, ______ lactose fermenting organism.

A

NEG

Non-lactose

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33
Q

common infections of pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Late hospital acquired or healthcare associated pneumonia

Wounds

Osteomyelitis

Corneal ulcer (contact lens)

Hot tub folliculitis

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34
Q

identify bacteria causing infection?

what is infection with this pathogen usually associated with?

A

psudeomonas aeringusa

associated with hospitals and infections after antibiotics

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35
Q

bacteria that do not stain, remain colorless because they do not have a cell wall and are known to be zoonotic

A

atypicals

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36
Q

name the atypical pathogens

A

Chlamydia

Legionella

Mycoplasma

Rickettsia

Spirochete infections (Leptospirosis, Borrelia, Treponem Pallidium)

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37
Q

what type of infections do atypical pathogens usually cause

A

URI, LRI

STI

Lyme

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38
Q

define empiric therapy

A

Antibiotics chosen prior to knowing identification and sensitivity of pathogen • Important to understand types of bacteria that are known for causing disease (Previous infections • Local sensitivity)

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39
Q

define abx de-escalation

A

Narrowing therapy from broad agents

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40
Q

define Antimicrobial Stewardship

A

Preserving broad-spectrum antibiotics

Limit development of resistance

41
Q

define nosocomial infection

A

An infection acquired in a hospital setting or health care facility.

Traditionally >48 hours

42
Q

Name gram positive bacilli anerobes

and the one cocci

A

clostridum

actinomyces

lactobacillis

propionibacterium

peptostreptococcus (cocci)

43
Q

name gram negative anerobes (bacilli and one cocci)

A

b. fragilis

fusobacterium

porphyromonas

veillonella (cocci)

44
Q

are anaerobes virulent by themselves?

A

no (co-infection)

45
Q

normal flora on skin

A

staph epidermidis

strep pyrogenes (group A strep)

46
Q

normal dental flora

A

streptococcus

peptopstreptococcus

47
Q

normal oropharynx flora

A

group A beta hemolytic strep

peptostrepto

48
Q

normal respiratory flora

A

strep

staph

haemophilus

neisseria

49
Q

normal GI flora

A

enterococcus

clostridium

bacterides

enterobacteriaciae

50
Q

normal flora of vagina

A

strep B

lactobacillis

bacteroides

anaerobes

51
Q

Located on lower extremities/face. Fiery red, painful, raised, demarcated lesions.

Dx?

pathogens that usually cause?

A

erysipelas

B-hemolytic strep (S. pyogenes)

52
Q

Non demarcated redness, Sever systemic effects are rare

Dx?

pathogens most likely to cause?

A

uncomplicated cellulitis

B hemolytic strep + s. auerus

53
Q

Painful, warm to touch lesions, often purulent

Dx?

pathogens that usually cause?

A

abscess

s. auerus + MRSA

54
Q

pathogens respoinsible for ery, cellulitis, abscesses?

A

ery - B-hemolytic strep (s. pyogenes)

cell - b hemolytic strep + s. auerus

abscess - S. aeurs + MRSA

55
Q

pathogens likely to cause mouth/tooth infections

A

Streptococcal species

Peptostreptococcus

other grampositive anaerobes

56
Q

pathogens most likely to cause conjunctivits

A

S. aureus

S. pneumoniae

H. influenza

M. catarrhalis

VIRAL!!!

APIC

bilaterial is often allergic

57
Q

Patient presentation: fever, malaise, sore throat, dysphasia, lymphadenopathy, white patches/pus, rash.

pathogen responsible?

A

Group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus

58
Q

pathogens most likely to cause HCAP or VAP

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Acinetobacter species

Methicillin-resistant S. aureus

59
Q

pathogens responsible for CAP

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Haemophilus influenza

Chlamydia pneumonia

60
Q

Patients present with dysuria, hematuria, frequency Confusion and malaise in elderly patients.

pathogen likely responsible?

A

E. coli (70-95%)

Klebsiella

proteus

61
Q

pathogens of the GI tract

A

Enterobacteriaciae – E.Coli, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Bacteroides Fragilis

62
Q

pathogens most likely to affect the meninges

A

Strep. Pneumoniae

Neisseria Meningitides

Listeria

63
Q

most common bacterial pathogens seen w/ otitis media

A

S.pneumoniae

H. flu

64
Q

name sterile sites in the body

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Blood

Peritoneum

Synovial fluid

Pleural fluid

Urine *

65
Q

colonization vs contamination?

Identification of lactobacillus in a vaginal culture

A

colonization

66
Q

colonization vs contamination?

Identification of coagulase negative staphylococcus species in a single set of blood cultures

A

contamination

unintended introduction of a bacterial organism that isnt infectious

67
Q

Name the ESBL (Extended spectrum beta-lactamase organisms)

A

SPACE

Serratia

Pseudomonas

Acinetobacter

Citrobacter

Enterobacter

Klebsiella

68
Q

what are the CRE pathogens?

A

Carbapenem- resistant enterobacteriaceae

E. Coli

Proteus

Serratia

Acinetobacter

Citrobacter

Enterobacter

Salmonella

Klebsiella

SPACES K

69
Q

strep viridans is located in the skin and ____ and is most likely responsible for _____ and _____ _____.

A

mouth

endocarditis, mouth infections

70
Q

Group B strep is normally located in the vagina and can cause ____ in neonates

A

meningitis

71
Q

eneterococcus or strep D is located in the _____ and is responsible for ____, ___, ______ related infections

A

GI

UTI, GI, catheter-related infections

72
Q

peptostreptococcus is normally seen in the ____ and causes _____ infections.

A

mouth

dental

73
Q

clostridium perfinges causes _______ and _______.

A

gas gangrene

NF

74
Q

Listeria is normally found in animals and food products and causes ____, ____, _____.

A

Meningitis, diarrhea, bacteremia

75
Q

actinomyces is normally found in the ____ and is responsible for skin and soft tissue infections.

A

mouth

76
Q

Enterobacteriaciae are located in GI tract and can cause ____, ____, _____. Klebsiella can cause _____.

A

Diarrhea, urinary tract infection, food poisoning *Klebsiella- can cause pneumonia

fecal-oral

77
Q

bacteria located in GI tract that causes Intra-abdominal infections, intraabdominal Abscesses

A

Bacteroides Fragilis

78
Q

bacteria that causes infections in immunocompromised hosts.

A

pseudomonas

79
Q

diharrhea or bactermia resulting from eating contaminated foods that were likely contaminated by ____

A

Campylobacter

80
Q

Legionella causes ______ and ______

A

Pneumonia, febrile illness

81
Q

pathogen likely responsible for pharyngitis, otitis media and sinusitis

A

M. catharralis

82
Q

pathogen responsible for Urethritis, cervicitis, PID

A

Neisseria Gonorrhoea

83
Q

pathogen likely causing meningitis

A

neisseria meningitis

84
Q

pathogen endogenous to the respiratory tract that causes respiratory sinusitis, otitis and meningitis

A

Haemophilus

85
Q

Chlamydophila pneumoniae usually colonizes and causes

A

genitals, throat, eyes

UTI, STI, throat

86
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae usually colonized ____ or _____ and causes?

A

node or throat

CAP

meningitis

87
Q

Legionella is found in the soil and causes

A

pneumonia

88
Q

WHAT IS/ARE THE MOST LIKELY ORGANISMS TO CAUSE COMMUNITY ACQUIRE D PNEUMONIA?

A

Strep pneumonia

Haemophilus influenza

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Chlaymdia pneumoniae

89
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANISMS IS LIKELY TO PRODUCE AN EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASE RESISTANCE?

s. aerus

enterococci

psuedomonas

e. coli

A

e coli

90
Q

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE THE ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH AN UNCOMPLICATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION EXCEPT?

e. coli

klebsiella

enterococcus

proteus

A

enterococcus

91
Q

when culturing blood what are we looking for?

A

Sepsis

Pneumonia

Endocarditis

Osteomyelitis

Meningitis

92
Q

when culturing sputum what are we looking for?

A

infectious etiollgy of pnuemonia

TB

93
Q

when would we culture CSF?

what specific pathogens may we find?

A

Septic patient with neurological findings, transverse myelitis

neisseria

strept pnuemonia

H. flu

94
Q

a throat cultre helps identify what organisms?

A

Group A strept,

diphtheria

gonococcal

candida

95
Q

when would we culture stool

A

food borne illness

C diff

diarrhea

96
Q

what are we looking for in a urine culture (specifc organisms)

A

e. coli

klebsiells proteus

97
Q

when would we culture a wound/abscess

A

looking for pseudomonas

staph

strept

98
Q

when would we culture genital tract?

A

STIs

Clinical Management exam I (4 decks)

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