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Mechanisms of Disease Block 3 > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Aerobic Bacteria (7)

A 
Bacillus cereus
Neisseria
Pseudomonas
Bordetella
Legionella
Brucella
Mycobacterium
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2
Q

Anaerobic Bacteria (2)

A

Clostridium

Bacteroides

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3
Q

Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria (5)

A 
Staphylococcus
Bacillis anthracis
Coryenbacterium
Listeria
Mycoplasma
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4
Q

Microaerophilic Bacteria (4)

A

Enterococcus
Streptococcus
Spirochetes
Campylobacter

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5
Q

Neurotoxins

Examples (2) and Producing Bacteria

A

Tetanospasmin from Clostridium tetani

Botulinum from Clostridium botulinum

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6
Q

Enterotoxins

Examples (5) and Producing Bacteria

A

Choleragen from Vibrio cholerae

Heat Labile Toxin from E. coli, Bacillus cereus and Campylobacter jejuni

Heat Stable Toxin from E. coli, Bacillus cereus and Y. enterocolitica

Shiga Toxin from Shigella dysenteriae and E. coli

Staphylococcal Heat Stable Toxin from Staphylococcus aureus

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7
Q

Pyrogenic Toxins

Examples (2) and Producing Bacteria

A

Streptococcus Pyrogenic Toxin from Group A Streptococci

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin from Staphylococcus aureus

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8
Q 
Tissue Invasive Toxins
Producing Bacteria (3)
A

Staphylococcus pyrogenes (Group A)
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium perfringens

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9
Q

Bacteriophage-Dependent Bacteria

A

Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococci
Corynebacterium diptheriae
E. coli

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10
Q 
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Hemolytic)
Virulence Factors (4), Diseases (7) 
and Delayed Ab Diseases (2)
A

C carbohydrate, M protein, Streptolysin O/S, Pyrogenic toxin

Pharyngitis, Pyoderma, Necrotizing fasciitis, Fournier’s gangrene, erysipelas, Scarlet Fever, Toxic Shock Syndrome

Rheumatic fever, Post Strep Glomerulonephritis

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11
Q 
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
Age Group, Diseases
A

Neonates less than 3 months of age

Meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis

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12
Q 
Meningitis-Associated Bacteria
During Birth (3) and Infancy (2)
A

Birth: Streptococcus agalactiae, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli

Infant: Neisseria meningitides and Haemophilus influenzae

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13
Q 
Viridans Group Streptococci
Normal Locations (3) Diseases (3)
A

Gi Tract, Nasopharynx, Gingiva

Dental Infections (caries)
Endocarditis
Occult Abscesses (anginosus sp. or intermedius)
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14
Q 
Group D (Enterococcus and Non-Enterococcus)
Normal Location, Unique Characteristics (2), Hemolytic Patterns (2) and Diseases (4)
A

GI tract
Can Grow in 40% bile or 6.5% NaCl
Alpha/Gamma Hemolytic

UTIs, Biliary tract infections, subacute endocarditis
colon cancer (strep bovis)
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15
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Diseases (3), Lab Tests (2), Vaccine Populations (3)

A 
Acquired lobar pneumonia and Meningitis (adults)
Otitis Media (kids)

Quellung reaction, Optochin sensitivity

Vaccine for elderly, asplenic or HIV patients

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16
Q

Staphylococci

Morphology, Hemolytic Property and Differentiation

A

Grape-like clusters on culture

Beta hemolytic

Aureus is gold on sheep blood agar

17
Q 
Staphylococcus aureus
Immune Resistance (5) and Tissue Invasion (4) Proteins
A 
Beta Lactamase (penicillin resistance)
Protein A, Coagulase, Leukocidins, Hemocidins

Hyaluronidase, Staphylokinase, Lipase, Protease

18
Q 
Staphylococcus aureus Diseases
Toxin Release (3) and Organ Invasion (5)
A

Gastroenteritis, Scaled Skin syndrome and Toxic Shock syndrome

Pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis (young boys), endocarditis, septic arthritis (young/old)

19
Q 
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Where Acquired (2) and Mechanism (2)
A

Can be community acquired or hospital acquired

SCCmec chromosomal acquisition that makes penicillin binding protein 2A

20
Q

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (2)

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Seen in indwelling catheters and prosthetics

Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Community-acquired UTIs in sexually active women

21
Q

Bacillus anthracis

Unique Capsule, Where Acquired (2), Presentation (5)

A

Protein capsule blocks phagocytosis

In soil and infected animals

Cutaneous: malignant pustules
Pulmonary: mediastinal hemorrhage and widening
GI: vomit, bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain

22
Q

Bacillus cereus
Difference from anthracis (3)
Enterotoxins (2) with Presentation (3)

A

Motile, non-encapsulated and penicillin resistant

Heat Labile: N/V/D for 12-24 hours

Heat Stable: severe N/V, little diarrhea

23
Q

Clostridium

Species (4) and Disease Presenations (1, 3, 3, 2)

A 
Clostridium botulinum
   flaccid paralysis (Ach blocker)

Clostridium tetani
Tetany, Trismus, Risus Sardonicus

Clostridium perfringes
Crepitus, Myonecrosis, Diarrhea

Clostridium difficile
Pseudomembranes on L. Intestine and Diarrhea

24
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Culture (2), Presentation (3), Treatment (2)

A

Potassium tellurite agar and Loeffler’s coagulated blood serum

Sore throat, fever, dark inflammatory exudate in throat

Treat with antitoxin for circulating toxin and penicillin/erythromycin

25
Q

Listeria monocytogenes
Pregnancy Considerations (2)
Cell Mediated Immunity Issues (3)

A

Pregnant women should avoid cheese and deli meat

Listeria infects cell-mediated immunocompromised
Neonates
Elderly/HIV patients
Third trimester pregnant women

26
Q

Neiserria meningitidis

Virulence (4), Culture, High Risk Populations (3)

A

Capsule, LPS endotoxin, IgA1 protease and Pili

Culture in Thayer-Martin VCN

Infants 6 months-2 years
Army recruits
College freshman in dorms

27
Q 
Neiserria meningitidis Diseases
Acute Illness (4), Life Threatening (5), Fulminant (2)
A

Meningococcemia: fever, chills, arthralgia, petechial rash

Meningitis: fever, vomit, irritable, bulging fontanelle, petechial rash

Waterhouse Friederichsen syndrome: septic shock via bilateral adrenal gland hemorrhage

28
Q

Neiserria gonorrhoeae

Virulence (3), Male (4), Female (4), Untreated (2), Infants

A

Pili, Porins and Opa proteins

Males: urethral pus, urethritis, epididymitis, prostatitis

Female: Pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, peri-hepatitis

Untreated: septic arthritis, bacteremia

Infants: Opthalmia neonatorum

29
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis Infections (2)

A 
Otitis media
Upper respiratory (in pts with COPD/emphysema)
30
Q

HACEK group

Diseases (5) and Associated Disease

A 
Haemophilus 
Actinobacillus
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella

All associated with endocarditis

Mechanisms of Disease Block 3 (1 decks)

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