Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3rd year Pathology > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

MRSA

A

= meticillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
Gram positive, coccus, catalase positive, coagulase positive

  • skin/soft tissue infection
  • endocarditis
  • toxin-mediated disease
  • beta-lactam abx resistant
  • need vancomycin or linezolid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MSSA

A

= meticillin susceptible staphylococcus aureus
Gram positive, coccus, catalase positive, coagulase positive

  • skin/soft tissue infection
  • endocarditis
  • toxin-mediated disease
  • need flucloxacillin or erythromycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Coagulase negative staphylococci

A

= CoNS
Gram positive, coccus, catalase positive, coagulase negative

  • skin commensal
  • device associated infections (prosthetic valve endocarditis)
  • 50% flucloxacillin resistant, regimen depends (often includes rifampicin)
  • s. saprophyticus - UTI in young women
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pediococcus spp.

A

Gram positive, coccus, anaerobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Gram positive, coccus, catalase negative, alpha-haemolytic, optochin susceptible

  • ‘draughtsman colonies’
  • pharyngeal commensal
  • vaccines available
  • treat with benzyl penicillin (IV) / amoxicillin (PO) (may be resistant to penicillin)
  • CAP
  • meningitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Viridans streptococci

A

Gram positive, coccus, catalase negative, alpha-haemolytic, optochin resistant

  • pharyngeal commensals
  • inc S. mitis, S. oralis, S. salivarius, S. mutans
  • treat with benzyl penicillin and synergistic gentamicin
  • native valve endocarditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Group A: Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Gram positive, coccus, catalase negative, beta-haemolytic

  • pharyngitis
  • skin/soft tissue infections, inc necrotising fasciitis
  • rheumatic fever/scarlet fever
  • puerperal sepsis
  • treat with penicillin/benzyl penicllin/amoxicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Group B: Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Gram positive, coccus, catalase negative, beta-haemolytic

  • commensal of female GU tract
  • UTI
  • neonatal sepsis/meningitis
  • endocarditis, septic arthritis
  • treat with benzyl penicillin (+ gentamicin/amoxicillin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Group C: Streptoccocus equi / equisimilus / zooepiodemicus

A

Gram positive, coccus, catalase negative, beta-haemolytic

  • pharyngitis
  • skin/soft tissue infections
  • treat with benzyl penicillin/amoxicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Group D: Enterococcus spp and Streptococcus bovis

A

Gram positive, coccus, catalase negative, beta-haemolytic

  • S. bovis - endocarditis, colon cancer association
  • treat with benzyl penicillin/amoxicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Group F: Streptococcus anginosus/constellatus/intermedius

A

Gram positive, coccus, catalase negative, beta-haemolytic

  • intra-abdominal abscesses (often polymicrobial)
  • treat with benzyl penicillin/amoxicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Group G: Streptococcus dysgalactiae

A

Gram positive, coccus, catalase negative, beta-haemolytic

  • skin/soft tissue infections
  • treat with benzyl penicillin/amoxicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Enterococcus spp.

A

Gram positive, coccus, catalase negative, non-haemolytic

  • commensal of GI and GU
  • UTI
  • endocarditis
  • polymicrobial infection from GI perforation
  • cephalosporin resistant
  • treat with amoxicillin or vancomycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Gram positive, bacillus, spore forming, aerobic

  • anthrax
  • 3 toxins - oedema factor, protective antigen, lethal factor
  • cutaneous, inhalational, GI infection
  • treat with benzyl pencillin or ciprofloxacin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

Gram positive, bacillus, spore forming, aerobic

  • emetic food poisoning, rice (1-5 hours)
  • diarrhoea + abdo pain for 8-16 hours
  • usually self-limiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Gram positive, bacillus, spore forming, anaerobic

  • botulism (classic food bourne)
  • infants from honey, wound in IVDU
  • treat with supportive and anti-toxin, debridement if wound, + maybe benzyl penicillin or metronidazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Gram positive, bacillus, spore forming, anaerobic

  • antibiotic-associated diarrhoea
  • pseudomembranous colitis
  • treat with oral metronidazole or vancomycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Gram positive, bacillus, spore forming, anaerobic

  • self-limiting food poisoning
  • if gas gangrene, debride and treat with benzyl penicillin or metronidazole
19
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Gram positive, bacillus, spore forming, anaerobic

  • tetanus (soil)
  • vaccine available
  • supportive management with human tetanus immunoglobulin and metronidazole
20
Q

Coryngebacterium spp. (diphtheroids)

A

Gram positive, bacillus, non-sporing, non-branching, aerobic

  • club shaped
  • commensal flora (non-diphtheria strains)
21
Q

Coryngebacterium diphtheria

A

Gram positive, bacillus, non-sporing, non-branching, aerobic

  • can be toxigenic
  • respiratory tract or cutaneous
  • diphtheria toxin vaccine available
  • treat with antitoxin + pencillin/erythromycin
22
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Gram positive, bacillus, non-sporing, non-branching, aerobic

  • beta-haemolytic
  • food bourne
  • listeriosis in pregnancy
  • neonatal listeriosis
  • listeria meningitis
  • cephalosporin resistance
  • treat with amoxicillin + gentamicin
23
Q

Actinomyces spp.

A

Gram positive, bacillus, branching, anaerobic

  • IUCD-related infections
  • cervicofacial infection
  • treat with benzyl penicillin or amoxicillin
24
Q

Nocardia spp.

A

Gram positive, bacillus, branching, aerobic

  • partially acid fast
  • pulmonary, cutaneous and systemic infections inc brain abscesses
  • treat with co-trimoxazole
25
Q

Propionibacterium spp.

A

Gram-positive, rod, anaerobic

  • skin commensal
  • slow growing
  • acne
  • treat with tetracyclines
26
Q

Oral Neisseria spp.

A

Gram negative, coccus

  • commensal flora
27
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Gram negative, diplococcus

= meningococcus

  • capsular types A B C W135 Y
  • meningitis, septicaemia
  • notifiable
  • treat with benzyl penicillin or ceftriaxone
  • prophylactic abx to household contacts + vaccine
28
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Gram negative, coccus

= gonococcus
- sexually transmitted
- ophthalmia neonatorum
- high resistance, options for treatment
(- consider also other STI)
29
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Gram negative, coccobacillus

  • polysaccharide capsule
  • meningitis and epiglottitis
  • Hib vaccine
  • non-capsular strains -> otitis media, sinusitis, exacerbations of COPD
  • treat with amoxicillin or ceftriaxone in meningitis
  • sometimes beta-lactamase positive (co-amoxiclav)
30
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Gram negative, coccobacillus

  • otitis media
  • sinusitis
  • exacerbations of COPD
31
Q

Bordatella pertussis

A

Gram negative, coccobacillus

  • whooping cough
  • pertussis vaccine available
  • treat with erythromycin
32
Q

Brucella spp.

A

Gram negative, coccobacillus

  • zoonotic (melitensis from goats/sheep, abortus from cattle)
  • slow growing
  • urease positive
  • treat with gentamicin + rifampicin
33
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Gram negative, bacillus, aerobic, lactose fermentor

  • commensal of GU and GI tract
  • UTI
  • treat with co-amoxiclav or trimethoprim
  • diarrhoea inc HUS (0157)
  • neonatal meningitis
  • treat with cefotaxime
34
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Gram negative, bacillus, aerobic, lactose fermentor

  • commensal of GI tract
  • UTI and LRTI
  • amoxicillin resistance
  • treat with co-amoxiclav or ciprofloxacin
35
Q

Enterobacter cloacae

A

Gram negative, bacillus, aerobic, lactose fermentor

  • commensal of GU and GI tract
  • UTI and LRTI
  • treat with amoxicillin, trimethoprim or ciprofloxacin
36
Q

Proteus mirabilis

A

Gram negative, bacillus, aerobic, non-lactose fermentor

  • commensal of GU and GI tract
  • urease positive
  • swarming colonies
  • UTI
  • treat with amoxicillin
37
Q

Acinetobacter spp.

A

Gram negative, bacillus, aerobic, non-lactose fermentor

  • commensal of GU and GI tract
  • UTI and healthcare associated infections
  • increasing rates of multi-drug resistance
  • treat with amoxicillin or ciprofloxacin
38
Q

Salmonella spp.

A

Gram negative, bacillus, aerobic, non-lactose fermentor

  • food bourne
  • diarrhoea and vomiting
  • usually self-limiting

S. typhi/paratyphi

  • bacteraemic illness
  • treat with ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone
39
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

A

Gram negative, bacillus, anaerobic

  • commensal of GI tract
  • polymicrobial intra-abdominal infection
  • treat with metronidazole
40
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Gram negative, bacillus, aerobic, glucose non-fermentor

  • from soil
  • rarely pathogenic in immunocompetent
  • healthcare associated infections
  • chronic colonisation in CF
  • treat with ciprofloxacin, gentamicin or anti-pseudomonal beta lactam
  • resistance problematic
41
Q

Burkholderia cepacia

A

Gram negative, bacillus, aerobic, glucose non-fermentor

  • chronic colonisation in CF
  • treatment challenging, maybe ciprofloxacin or anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam
42
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Gram negative, spiral/curved

  • oxidase positive
  • strongly urease positive
  • test on breath test
  • gastric ulcer disease
43
Q

Campylobacter spp.

A

Gram negative, spiral/curved

  • oxidase positive
  • food bourne illness
  • bloody diarrhoea
  • usually self-limiting
  • treat with erythromycin or ciprofloxacin
44
Q

Vibrio cholera

A

Gram negative, spiral/curved

  • oxidase positive
  • food/water bourne illness
  • watery diarrhoea (rice water)
  • cholera toxin
  • treat with hydration and tetracycline

3rd year Pathology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions