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214.102 Bacteria > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotes

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2
Q

What is in the cytoplasm (cell contents)

A

Contains no compartments or distinct organelles.

Genetic material is not membrane bound in a nucleus and the cell is bound by the cell wall - (prokaryotic)

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3
Q

Bacteria Kingdom called?

A

Monera - Alone

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4
Q

Divisions of bacteria

A

Archaebacteria and eubacteria (all other bacteria)

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5
Q

How are eubacteria divided?

A

Mode of nutrition

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6
Q

Name the 3 types of eubacteria?

A

Photoautotrophs, Chemoautotrophs, Heterotrophs

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7
Q

What are Photoautotrophs?

A

‘Light self-feeders’ contain chlorophyll and use energy in the from of light to produce nutrients.

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8
Q

What are Chemoautotrophs?

A

‘Chemical self-feeders’ derive the energy they need from inorganic molecules. Such as Ammonia NH4

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9
Q

What are Heterotrophs?

A

‘Other feeders’ obtain their nutrients from organic molecules.

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10
Q

What bacteria cause disease?

A

Heterotrophs - only some cause disease. Human are also heterotrophs.

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11
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid support, protects against osmotic pressure and targets of antibiotics.

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12
Q

Ribosome

A

protein synthesis and are the target of antibiotics

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13
Q

Plasmid

A

optional extra DNA

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14
Q

Capsule

A

Protects again immune system

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15
Q

Flagella

A

‘little tongue’ move/swim

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16
Q

Pilus

A

Attachement or sex

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17
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Is what the GRAM stain either sticks to or not.

18
Q

Gram NEG

A

Thinner peptidoglycan, so the gram stain can’t stick to the peptidoglycan when the alcohol is added. Majority are pathogenic and highly infectious. BAD=Pink

19
Q

Gram POS

A

Thick peptidoglycan, gram stain can stick to the peptidoglycan when the alcohol is added. Very few are pathogenic. GOOD=Purple

20
Q

Steps for GRAM staining

A
  1. Fixation
  2. Add crystal violet
  3. Iodine treatment
  4. Decolorisation (alcohol)
  5. Counter stain (safranin)
21
Q

5 shapes of Bacteria

A

Spirochaetes, Vibro, Bacilli, Staphylococci, Streptococci.

22
Q

Spirochaetes

A

Spiral - treponema palladium

23
Q

Vibro

A

Comma - vibrio cholerae

24
Q

Bacilli

A

Rods - Bacillus anthracis

25
Q

Staphylococci

A

Groups of round shaped bacteria - Staphylococcus Aureus

26
Q

Streptococci

A

Chains of round shaped bacteria - Streptococcus pyogenes

27
Q

Diplococci

A

Pairs of cocci - Neisseria gonorrhoaea

28
Q

Obligate aerobes and example

A

Bacteria which require the presence of oxygen - mycobacterium tuberculosis.

29
Q

Obligate anaerobes and example

A

Organisms that are unable to tolerate the presence of oxygen - clostridium tetani (tetanus)

30
Q

Various gram pos species are able to form?

A

Spores

31
Q

Spores are?

A

Microorganism develops a protective capsule in which it lies in a dormant condition. Able to tolerate extreme conditions and resistant to chemical disinfectants.
However when favourable condition return it will germinate and the organism will resume its active lifecycle. - Bacillus anthracis

32
Q

How do they reproduce?

A

Duplicate their genetic material and divide into two. (Binary fission)

33
Q

3 types of Extremophiles?

A

Thermophile, Mesophile and Psycrophiles

34
Q

Thermophile?

A

optimal growth between 45-122 degrees

35
Q

Mesophile

A

20-45 degrees

36
Q

Psycrophiles

A

-15 to 10 degrees or lower

37
Q

Mycoplasmas?

Different structure and lifestyle to other bacteria

A

Smallest free living organisms, unique among prokaryotes because they lack a cell wall.
Cant gram stain them
Kill them with penicilins

38
Q

Rickettsias?

Different structure and lifestyle to other bacteria

A 
Gram neg,
non-motile
Cocci or thread
obligate intracellular parasites - don't make their own ATP need energy from their host cell.
have cell walls but leaky cell membranes
live in lice, tics and fleas
39
Q

Chlamydia?

Different structure and lifestyle to other bacteria

A

Gram variable due to cell wall structure
Obligate intracellular parasites - need ATP from its host
Two phase life cycle

40
Q

Meningococcal disease

A

Gram neg,

from diplococci

41
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Caused pneumonia - by legionella (associated with compost) likes to live in contaminated water.

42
Q

Pertussis

A

Whooping cough - causes the killing of the cilia and the coughing is bought on by the ticking of the growing back of the cilia.
No point in giving antibiotics.(unless you catch it early).

214.102 Bacteria (1 decks)

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