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First Aid Pharmacology > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Don’t Gram Stain Well:

A

These Microbes May Lack Real Color
Treponema, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Rickettsia, Chlamydia

plus: Leptospira, Bartonella, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma

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2
Q

Reason for poor gram stain = too thin to be visualized

A

Treponema, Leptospira

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3
Q

Reason for poor gram stain = cell wall has high lipid content

A

Mycobacteria

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4
Q

Reason for poor gram stain = no cell wall

A

Mycoplasma, ureaplasma

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5
Q

Reason for poor gram stain = primarily intracellular

A

Legionella, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Barontella, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma

Chlamydia also lack classic peptidoglycan bc of decreased muramic acid

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6
Q

Giemsa Stain

A

Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Borrelia, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium

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7
Q

PAS stain dyes which molecules?

A

glycogen, mucopolysaccharides (PaSs the sugar)

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8
Q

PAS stain Dx’es

A

Whipple Dz (tropheryma whipplei)

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9
Q

Ziehl-Neesen Stain

A

Acid fast bacteria
Mycobacteria (mycolic acid)
Nocardia
Protozoa like Cryptosporidium oocysts

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10
Q

Ziehl-Neesen stain alternative for screening

A

Auramine-rhodamine stain

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11
Q

India ink stain

A

Encapsulated Fungus - Cryptococcus neoformans

Mucicarmine also stains its thick polysaccharide capsule red.

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12
Q

Sliver Stain

A

Fungi - Coccidioides, PCP
Legionella
Helicobacter pylori

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13
Q

Syphilis fluorescent Ab stain for confirmation (specific)

A

FTA-ABS

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14
Q

Thayer Martin agar is selective for:

A

Neisseria

Vanco - gram +
Trimethoprim and Colistin - gram - except Neisseria
Nystatin - fungi

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15
Q

MacConkey Agar detects

A

pH: lactose fermenters = pink (ex: E. coli)

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16
Q

H influenza grows on

A

Chocolate agar (needs factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin))

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17
Q

B pertussis grows on

A

Bordet-Gengou agar (potato)

Regan-Lowe medium (charcoal, blood, antibiotic)

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18
Q

C. diphtheriae grows on

A

Tellurite agar

Loffler medium

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19
Q

M tuberculosis grows on

A

Lowenstein-Jensen agar

20
Q

M pneumonia grows on

A

Eaton agar - requires cholesterol

21
Q

E coli grows on (besides MacConkey):

A

Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar

Colonies w/ green metallic sheen

22
Q

Legionella grows on

A

Charcoal yeast extract agar + cysteine and iron

23
Q

Fungi grow on

A

Sabouraud agar

“Sab’s a fun guy!)

24
Q

Obligate Aerobes

A 
Nagging Pests Must Breathe
Nocardia
Pseudomonas
Mycobacterium TB (loves the apexes when reactivated)
Bacillus
25
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

Can’t Breath Fresh Air - no catalase or superoxide dismutase
Clostridium
Bacteroides
Fusobacterium
Actinomyces
Generally foul-smelling and produce gas in tissue (CO2/H2O)
AminOglycosides are ineffective (need O2 to activate drug) - Tx w/Metronidazole and Clindamycin

26
Q

Obligate Intracellular

A

Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Coxiella
“Really CHillly and COld - stay inside”
Rely on host ATP

27
Q

Facultative Intracellular

A 
Salmonella
Neisseria
Brucella
Mycobacterium
Listeria
Francisella
Legionella
Yersenia pestis
28
Q

Encapsulated Bacteria

A 
Even Some Pretty Nasty Killers Have Shiny Bodies
E. coli
S. pneumonia
Pseudomonas
N. meningitides
Klebsiella
Haemophilus influenzae B
Salmonella
B Strep (agalactiae)
All opsonized/cleared by spleen
29
Q

Encapsulated Bacteria w/ Vaccines

A 
SHiN
S. pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza B
N. meningiditis 
For asplenics especially!
30
Q

Encapsulated Vaccine components

A

Capsular polysaccharide + protein conjugate = antigen
PCV (conjugated - Prevnar), HiB and Meningiococcal are all conjugated
PPSV (polysaccharide) is not conjugated to a protein (pneumovax)

31
Q

Urease Positive organisms

A 
Pee CHUNKSS
Proteus
Cryptococcus
H pylori
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
S epidermidis and S saprophyticus
Potentiate struvite stones (hydrolyzes urea to release ammonia + CO2 which increases pH)
32
Q

Catalase Positive Organisms

A 
Cats Need PLACESS to Belch Hairballs
Nocardia
Pseudomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
E coli
Staphylococci
Serratia
B cepacia
H pylori
33
Q

Yellow “sulfur” granule pigment

A

Actinomyces israelii
Israel has yellow sand
Granules - filaments of bacteria surrounded by neutrophils

34
Q

Yellow pigment

A

S aureus (gold)

35
Q

Blue-green pigment

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

36
Q

Red pigment

A

Serratia marcescens (Maraschino cherry!)

37
Q

Form biofilms

A

S epidermidis
Strep viridans
Pseudomonas
Nontypeable H influenza

38
Q

Biofilm on catheter and prosthetic devices

A

S epidermidis

39
Q

Biofilm on dental plaques

A

Biofilm on endocarditis too

Strep viridans

40
Q

Biofilm on respiratory tree or contact lens

A

Pseudomonas

41
Q

Biofilm on otitis media

A

Nontypeable (unencapsulated) H influenza

42
Q

Protein A virulence factor

A

S aureus
binds Fc of IgG
prevents opsonization/phagocytosis

43
Q

IgA protease

A 
SHiN
S. pneumoniae
H. influenza B
Neisseria
Helps to colonize respiratory tract!
These SHiN bacteria can also do transformation (take up environmental DNA = "competence")
44
Q

Type III Secretion System

A

“Injectosome” - direct delivery of toxins from gram - bacteria
Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella, E coli

45
Q

Spore Forming Bacteria

A

Bacillus
Clostridium
Coxiella (Q-fever)

46
Q

Lysogenic Phage Toxins

A 
ABCD'S
Group A strep erythrogenic toxin
Botulinum toxin
Cholera toxin
Diphtheria toxin
Shiga toxin

First Aid Pharmacology (6 decks)

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