Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COMLEX 1 > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics: gram stain, species, common infections, treatment

A

G+ cocci that inhabits intestinal tract

2 Species: Faecalis/Faecium

Grows in mediums up to 6.5% sodium chloride

Generally causes nosocomial infections that are resistant to most known antibiotics including vancomycin

Generally treat with Linezolid or Tigecycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name Pathogen

A

Enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name pathogens represented and common features

A

Strep Pneumoniae and Strep Viridans

Both are Alpha-hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

S. Agalactiae Illnesses

A

Known for serious infections of the newborn such as meningitis, sepsis, and pneumonia

All pregnant women are cultured at 35 weeks for presence of Group B strep infection and treated with intrapartum penicillin if positive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the pathogen, describe characteristics including gram stain, specific tests, +/- capsule, hemolysis and other features

A

G+ positive cocci, + hippurate test, polysaccharide capsule, +CAMP Test, Beta-hemolytic, Bacitracin resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

G+ cocci, catalase +, urease +, coagulase -, novobiocin sensitive

A

Staphylococcus Epidermidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common pathogen that infects artificial joints, implanted hardware (e.g. artificial heart valves), indwelling catheters

A

S. Epidermidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment

A

Due to resistance to many abx, requires Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

S. Pneumoniae

Pneumonia

A

Affects lower lobes, typically presents with rust colored sputum

Primary cause of CAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

S. Pneumoniae

IgA Protease

A

Cleaves IgA which allows it to colonize and invade mucosal tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

S. Pneumoniae

Treatment

A

Susceptible to Erythromycin or Ceftriaxone

Also preventable with pneumonvax vaccines which bind polysaccharide capsule to a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

S. Pneumoniae

Population most at risk of infection

A

Any individual who has had a splenectomy

Particularly high risk for sickle cell patients due to auto-splenectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

S. Pneumoniae

General Characteristics and Virulence Factors

A

G+ lancet shaped diplococci that are optochin sensitive and bile soluble

Virulence: IgA Protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

S. Pyogenes

M Protein

A

Interferes with opsonization

Very antigenic and can cause molecular mimicry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

S. Pyogenes

Streptolysin O

A

Lyses RBCs

Generates ASO antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diseases caused by Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin

A

Scarlet Fever

Toxic Shock Like Syndrome

Necrotizing Fasciitis

17
Q

Rheumatic Fever Symptoms and Cause

A

Symptoms: after pharyngitis infection clears patient develops endocarditis, patient experiences type II hypersensitivity reaction:

J: Joint pain (polyarthritis)

O: myocarditis and pericarditis

N: Nodules

E: Erythema marginatum

S: Sydenham’s chorea

Generally causes mitral valve stenosis in later years.

Caused by molecular mimicry to M protein found in cell wall of S. Pyogenes

18
Q

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

A

Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction

Circulating Ab-Ag complexes deposit in glomerulus

Sx: Cola-colored urine and facial swelling that occur 2 weeks after pharyngitis, impetigo, cellulitis, or erysipela infection

Can still occur despite antibiotic treatment of S. pyogenes infection

19
Q

S. Pyogenes

Scarlet Fever Symptoms

A

Reddening or swelling of the tongue (strawberry tongue)

Pharyngitis - red, erythematous inflamed throat

Widespread rash that excludes the face

20
Q

G+, catalase+, Urease+, Coagulase -, novobiocin resistant

A

Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

21
Q

Common cause of UTIs in sexually active women

A

Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

22
Q

S. Viridans

Endocarditis Pathogenesis

A

Occurs in damaged heart valves only

Generally patient has teeth cleaned leading to a transient bacteremia

Adheres to fibrin platelet aggregates on damaged heart valves by synthesizing dextrans from glucose

23
Q

S. Viridans

General Characteristics

A

G+ cocci, alpha-hemolytic, unencapsulated, optochin resistant, bile insoluble

24
Q

What two Staphylococcus bacteria are coagulase -?

A
25
Q

What bacteria are in this image?

A

Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Saprophyticus

26
Q

S. Aureus

What is TSST?

A

A super toxin found in S. aureus that has nonspecific binding to MHC class II positive T Cell receptors

Leads to a cytokine storm

27
Q

What bacteria is this and describe general characteristics of this bacteria.

A

Staphylococcus aureus

G+ cocci in clusters, catalase +, coagulase +, beta-hemolytic

Grows on Mannitol Salt Agar and Blood Agar: Yellow colonies

Main Virulence Factor: Protein A

Toxins: TSST, exfoliative toxin

28
Q

S. Aureus

What type of pneumonia occurs most commonly in what patient?

A

Patchy infiltrative pneumonia

Typically occurs as a superinfection post-viral LRI.

29
Q

S. Aureus

Treatment

A

If Methicillin Sensitive - Nafcillin

MRSA - Vancomycin

30
Q

S. Aureus

Endocarditis affects which valve and what patient population does it most commonly occur in?

A

Tricuspid valve - right sided

Typically found in IV Drug Users

31
Q

S. Aureus

Symptoms and history of food poisoning related to this bacteria?

A

Typically causes vomiting without diarrhea

General history includes meat or cream based foods

32
Q

S. Aureus

What is protein A?

A

Virulence factor that binds to Fc region of immunoglobulins preventing complement from binding and opsonizing/phagocytosing S. Aureus

33
Q

S. Aureus

What is exfoliative toxin and what disease is it known for?

A

A protease toxin found in S. aureus. Primary cause of Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome.

34
Q

S. Aureus

Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

Caused by leaving a foreign object in the body too long, such as a tampon or gauze after a rhinoplasty.

Mediated by TSST toxin

35
Q

Name the pathogen and general characteristics including gram stain, shape, (un)encapsulated, hemolysis, and virulence factors

A

Streptococcus Pyogenes

G+ cocci in chains, encaspulated with hyaluronic acid

Beta-hemolytic

Virulence Factors: Streptolysin O, Streptokinase, DNAses, M protein, Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin

COMLEX 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions