Bacteria Flashcards
Bacteria with Internalin
Listeria
Abiogenesis theory
John Needham
Biogenesis theory
Francesco Redi
Germ Theory
Benjamin Martin
Bacteria not grown in pure culture
M. leprae
Hard chancre
Syphilis
Soft chancre
H. ducreyi
Stages of infectious disease
Incubation - Prodrome - Acme - Decline - Recovery
Malaria endemic in
Palawan
Filariasis: endemic in
Mindoro
Schistosomiasis: endemic in
Samar Leyte
Handwashing proponent
Semmelweis
Bacterial indicator: Oven
B. subtilis
Bacterial indicator: Autoclave
B. stearothermophilus
Resistant to osmotic pressure
Fungi
Chemicals that cause membrance disruption (HPS)
Halogen - Phenol - Surfactant
Chemicals that cause Protein denaturation (AEHeOQ)
Alcohol/Aldehydes - Ethylene Oxide - Heavy Metals/Halogen - OA - Quaternary amines
Live attenuated is not given less than how many months
6 months (except oral vaccines) measles vaccine
Pentavalent Vaccine
HiB - Hepa B - DPT
Intussusception
Rotavirus vaccine (greater than 10 months/1 year)
Vaccine at 9 months
Measles
Vaccine at 12 months
MMR
Bacteria with inclusion bodies (energy reserves)
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Does not require sterol in cell membrane and no cell wall
Mycoplasma
K-antigen
Capsule
H-antigen
Flagella
Thin peptidoglycan layer
Gram (-)
With techoic acid
Gram (+)
Somatic O antigen
Gram (-)
Periplasmic space
Gram (-); this contains enzymes
Pallisade arrangement
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Jumping genes
Transposons
Phage mediated gene transfer
Transduction
Sex pili mediate gene transfer
Conjugation
Direct DNA gene transfer
Transformation
Protoplasmic projections
Yersinia pestis
Pseudopods
Shigelle sp.
Coiling phagocytosis
Legionella spp.
Catalase (+)
Staphylococcus
Coagulase (+)
Staphyloccocus aureus
Antigenic structures of S. aureus (PTC)
Protein A - Teichoic acid - Capsules
Susceptible to novobiocin
S. epidermidis
Resistant to novobiocin
S. saprophyticus
Bacterial endocarditis with artificial heart valves
S. epidermidis
UTI in young women
S. saprophyticus
Alpha hemolytic streptococci
Viridans strep - Streptococcus pneumoniae
Beta hemolytic streptococci
Strep pyogenes - Strep agalactiae
Protein M
Strep. Pyogenes
Scarlet fever
S. pyogenes
Rheumatic fever
S. pyogenes
Sepsis and meningitis in neonates thru birth canal
S. agalactiae
Grow in 40% bile
Group D Strep and Enterococcus
Bacterial endocarditis with natural heart valves
Viridans strep
Lancet shaped diplococci
S. pneumoniae
Most common cause of CAP
S. pneumoniae
Most common cause of otitis media
S. pneumoniae
Positive Quellung reaction
S. pneumoniae
Most common cause of meningitis in 5 months - 5 year old
H. influenzae
2nd most common cause of otitis media
H. influenzae
Chocolate agar plate
H. influenzae and parainfluenzae
Koch week’s bacillus
H. aegyptius
Brazillian purpuric fever
H. aegyptius
Bacterial endocarditis after oral trauma
H. parainfluenzae
Culture media: Bordatella
Modified bordet gengou agar
Whooping cough
Bordatella pertusis
A antigen
Brucella abortus
M antigen
Brucella mellitensis
Gastric remittant fever
Brucellosis
Undulating fever
Brucellosis
Rabbit fever/Deerfly fever
Tularemia
Kidney shaped diplococci
N. gonorrheae
Found in polymorphonuclear cell
N. gonorrheae (with catalase and peroxidase)
Only piliated bacteria that appears to be virulent
N. gonorrheae
IgA protease
N. gonorrheae and N. meningitidis
Post gonococcal urethritis
N. gonorrheae
Pelvic inflammatory disease
N. gonorrheae
Arthritis Dermatitis syndrom
N. gonorrheae
Petechiae
N. meningitidis
With unusual cylindrical projections
Chlamydiae spp.
Metabolically active state of Chlamydia
Reticulate
Infectious stage of Chlamydia
Elementary
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Chlamydia trachomatis
Inclusion conjunctivitis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Lead to non discreet respiratory syndrom
Psitacosis (Bird to human transmission)
Most common cause of Atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma
Most common cause of typical pneumonia
Strep. Pneumoniae
Taiwan Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Chlamydia pneumoniae (Human to Human transmission only)
Gram (-) bacilli 3 majorg groups of antigen
Somatic O polysacharride - Antigen H - Antigen K
Exhibits antigenic phase variation
Gram (-) bacilli
Lactose Fermenters
E.coli - Klebsiella - Enterobacteria - Serratia
Non-Lactose Fermenters
Shigella - Salmonella - Yersinia
Heat stable toxin is associated with
Yersinia spp. (increase cGMP)
Heat labile toxin is associated with
Cholera (increase cAMP)
Traveller’s diarrhea
ETEC (Cholera like)
Identical to shigellosis
EIEC
Persistent infant diarrhea
EAEC
Infant diarrhea
EPEC
Associated with shiga-like toxin
EHEC (with cytotoxic verotoxin) (Shiga-like toxin)
Associated with bloody diarrhea
EHEC - Shigellosis - V.parahemolyticus - C.jejuni
Rice watery diarrhea
Cholera
DOC for typhoid fever
Chloramphenicol
Characteristic rose spots in abdoment and chest area
Typhoid fever
Most common manifestation of Salmonella typhimurium infection
Enterocolitis
Friedlander’s bacillus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Used in Weil-felix test
Proteus (for ricketssial infections = same antigen with proteus)
Yellow colonies in TBCS
V. cholerae
Green colonies in TBCS
V. parahemolyticus
Blue colonies in TBCS
V. vulnificus
Gram (-) bacilli from raw fish and shellfish
V. parahemolyticus
Gram (-) bacilli from oysters
V. vulnificus
Comma shaped bacteria
V. cholerae
Drug for V. cholerae
Tetracyclines
Gull wing shaped bacteria
Campylobacter
Guillain Barre Syndrome
Campylobacter jejuni (Ascending paralysis)
Grown in Skirrow’s Rose medium
Campylobacter - H.pylori
Spiral shaped bacteria
H. pylori
H.pylori contains this enzyme
Urease
Triple therapy
Metronidazole - Bismuth subsalicylate - Amoxicillin - Tetracycline
Associated with pyocyanin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Major virulence factor of P. aeruginosa
Exotoxin A
Most common complication of P. aeruginosa
Endocarditis
Donovanosis
Calymatobacterium granulomatis
Bubonic plague
Yersinia pestis
Heat stable toxin associated Yersinia sp.
Y. enterocolitica
Black death
Septicimic Plague
Swollen sporandium
Clostridium spp.
Positive clue cells
Gardnerella vaginalis
Nagler Reaction
Clostridium perfringens
Most aggressive clostridium sp.
C. perfringens
Most characteristic manifestation of C.perfringens infection
Foul smelling discharges (with gas gangrene)
Type A C. perfringens is associated with what toxins
Alpha toxin and Lecithinase C
Clostridial septicemia is associated with
GI malignancy
Pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium difficile
Drug for pseudomembranous colitis
Vancomycin and Metronidazole
Tetanus manifestation
Sardonic smile - Opisthotonos - Spastic paralysis
Common cause of death with Tetanus neonotorum
Diaphragm muscle paralysis
Prevents docking of Ach vesicles to port
Botulinum toxin
Floppy baby
Botulinum toxin (contaminated honey)
From reheated rice
Bacillus cereus
Eschar formation
Bacillus anthracis and Rickettsia
Loeffler’s agar with Babes ernst granules
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Club shaped bacteria
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Gray colonies in blood agar
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Brown black colonies with halo in Tellurite
Corynebacterium diptheriae
ELEK test/Immunodiffusion test
Corynebacterium diptheriae - Listeria monocytogenes
El Garatilo
Diptheria
Associated with toxic fragment A
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Bullneck appearance
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Mueller agar - Small round colonies
Listeria monocytogenes
CAMP test: Block shaped hemolysis
Listeria monocytogenes
CAMP test: Arrow hemolysis
GABHS
Neonatal sepsis and meningitis (street food)
Listeria monocytogenes
Whale finger or Seal Finger
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Acid fast actinomycetes
Nocardia asteroides
False mycetoma “Madura Foo”
Actinomadura madurae
Nocardiosis is manifested as
Pneumonia like
Umbrella motility
Listeria monocytogenes
Endemic syphilis
Bejel
Yaws
T. pallidum spp pertenue
Pinta
T. carateum (hypopigmented areas0
Causes a granulomatous response
T. pallidum
Condylomata lata
T. pallidum (Secondary syphilis)
Primary syphilis
Hard chancre
Condylomata acuminata
HPV
Hutchinson’s teetch
Congenital syphilis
Erythema chronicum migrans
B. burgdorferi
Relapsing fever
B. recurrentis
Tick fever
B. recurrentis
Famine fever
B. recurrentis
Screening test for non-treponemal disease
VDRL and Rapid plasma reagin
Screening test for treponemal disease
Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption - Microhemagglutination
Most readily culturable spirochete
Leptospira interrogans
Weil’s syndrome
Lepstospirosis (Icteric phase)
Acid fast staing (process)
Carbol fuchsin - H20 - Alcohol - Methylene blue
M. tuberculosis virulence factors
Mycolic acid - Sulfatides - Trehalose dimycolate
Cord factor
Trehalose dimycolate (prevent chemotaxis, fusion, digestion)
Prevent phagosom lysosome fusion
Sulfatides
Resist phagocyte digestion
Mycolic acid
Caseation necrosis
M. tuberculosis
Associated with GHON complex
M. tuberculosis
Pott’s disease
M. tuberculosis (extrapulmonary)
Wasting disease
Cachexia (with M.tb)
Culture media: M tuberculosis
Lowenstein-Jansen Medium
Mantoux skin test
M. tuberculosis
Hansen’s disease
M. leprae
Positive for lepromin
M. leprae (tuberculoid type) - Paucibacillary
Negative for lepromin
M. leprae (non tuberculoid type) - Multibacillary
Most common bacterial opportunistic infection in AIDS patient
M. avium
Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar with alpha ketoglutarate
Legionella pneumophila
Pontiac Fever
Legionella pneumophila
Smallest prokaryote capable of self replication
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Beef heart - horse serum - nucleic acid
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Fried egg appearance
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Cause cessation of cilliary movement
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Vector of B. recurrentis
Body louse
Endemic typhus
Ricketssia typhi (vector: flea)
Epidemic typhus
Ricketssia prowazeki (vector: Louse)
Brill-zinsser disease
Ricketssia prowazeki
Scrub typhus
R. tsutsugamushi (Mite vector)
Q-fever
Coxiella burnetti
Ricketssial pox
R. akari
Rocky mountain spotted fever
R. ricketsii
Obligate intracellular parasite
Ehrlichia and Chlamydia
Morulae
Ehrilichia (vector: ticks)
