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Bacteria Flashcards

0
Q

Genus: Borrelia

B. burgdorferi

A

Causes Lyme disease. Vectored into humans by the bite of a deer tick, ixodes scapularis

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of spirochetes?

A

Corkscrew shape and are mobile due to their axial filaments

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2
Q

Genus: Treponema

T. pallidum

A

Causes syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease.

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3
Q

Genus: Campylobacter

C. jejeuni

A

Often found in cattle, pig, chicken intestines and contaminating meat products. Probably as common a cause of enteritis (food poisoning) as Salmonella.

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4
Q

Genus: Heliobacter

H. pylori

A

Prerequisite for a gastric ulcer. Ulcers are now treated with antibiotics

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5
Q

Genus: Legionella

L. pneumophila

A

Common in streams and water lines of AC systems. Responsible for a significant number of pneumonia cases in nursing homes

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6
Q

Genus: Neisseria

N. gonorrheae

A

Cause of gonorrhea an STD, often results in pelvic inflammatory disease which can scar Fallopian tubes and cause sterility.

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7
Q

Genus: Neisseria

N. meninigitidis

A

The ‘meningococcus’, causes meningococcal meningitis

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8
Q

Genus: Pseudomonas

A

Various ‘pseudomonads’, very common in water and soil. Resistant to many antibiotics and disinfectants. Are able to grow in quaternary- ammonium compound disinfectants. UTIs, wound infections, pneumonia in people with cystic fibrosis, often produce green or blue pigments and smells like Concord grapes.

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9
Q

Family: Enterobacteriacae

a.k.a the ‘enteric’ bacteria

A

Live in the intestines of humans and other animals. Generally ferment glucose and other carbs (id in phenol red broth) the generally ‘non pathogenic’ ones can cause UTIs and wound infections.

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10
Q

Genus: Enterobacteriacae

A

E. aerogenes, part of the family Enterobacteriacae

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11
Q

Genus: Escherichia

E. Coli

A

The prokaryotic guinea pig. Used in pioneering studies of genetics. Some strands cause Traveler’s diarrhea. Strand O157:H7 is pathogenic.(hemolytic uremic syndrome) has killed people especially children

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12
Q

Genus: Klebsiella

K. pneumoniae

A

Cause of pneumonia in elderly and immunocompromised

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13
Q

Genus: Proteus

P. vulgaris

A

Highly motile

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14
Q

Genus: Salmonella

S. typhi

A

Severely pathogenic. Cause of typhoid fever. Killed many people before good sanitation practices. Some people are asymptomatic carriers of S. typhi

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15
Q

Genus: Salmonella

S. enteritidis

A

cause of salmonellosis a.k.a food poisoning, very common

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16
Q

Genus: Shigella

A

no examples given. Pathogenic. Resembles E. coli except it almost invariably produces a variety of enterotoxins

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17
Q

Genus: Yersinia

Y. pestis

A

Vectored into humans by the bites of infected fleas, causes plague. Bubonic plague (lymphatic infection) has an untreated death rate of 50-75%, pneumonic plague nearly always kills.

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18
Q

Family: Vibrionaceae

A

Found in aquatic habitats, particularly coastal marine environments. Transmitted by contaminated drinking water and eating contaminated, under cooked fish ans shellfish.

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19
Q

Genus: Vibrio

V. cholerae

A

cause of cholera, produces a powerful enterotoxin that inhibits water re-absorption by the large intestine, prodigious quantities of watery diarrhea, death by dehydration in hours. Treatment is supportive. Happens in poor countries.

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20
Q

Genus: Haemophilus

H. influenzae

A

It only grows on blood based media in the laboratory. Found in the nasopharynx of about 75% of people, virulent strands cause meningitis, earache, epiglottitis, and pneumonia. Immunization is part of the childhood vaccines (Hib) since 1985.

21
Q

Genus: Bacteroides

B. fragilis

A

Strict anerobe, very common in the human colon, cause of peritonitis from penetrating abdominal wound or ruptured appendix (gun shot etc)

22
Q

Rickettsias

A

obligate intracellular parasite, transmitted to humans via the bites of ticks (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) or fleas (typhus)

23
Q

Chlamydias

A

obligate intracellulr prasite, transmitted to humans by direct contact or airborne contact. Causes nongonococcal urethritis which may be the most common STD in the U.S. Children born to infected mothers may suffer eye infections which can lead to blindness if untreated.

24
Q

Genus: Staphylococcus

S. aureus

A

can be quite pathogenic. commonly found on skin, nares, groin, axillae. Produces a variety of toxins and tissue destroying enzymes. Very resistant to drying and heat and often resistant to antibiotics (MRSA, VRSA) Can cause toxic shock syndrome, abscesses, wound infections, and food intoxication.

25
Q

Genus: Streptococcus

S. mutans

A

Normal oral flora, forms biofilm on teeth, acids produced by fermentation of carbs, results in caries. Oral surgery can inocculate them into the blood stream.

26
Q

Genus: Streptococcus

S. pneumoniae

A

encapsulated, cause of pneumonia especailly in children and the elderly

27
Q

Genus: Streptococcus

S. pyogenes

A

Group A strep. Cause of strep throat and occasionally life- threatening complications if enters the kidneys or heart. Impetigo, otitis media, necrotizing fasciitis.

28
Q

Genus: Streptococcus

S. lactis

A

Lactose fermenter used in yogurt mnufacture

29
Q

Genus: Bacillus

B. anthracis

A

First bacterium identified as the cause of disease. Primarily a disease of livestock. Infection results from inhalation or ingestion of spores. Vegetative bacteria produce deadly exotoxins which cause death by circulatory collapse and pulmonary edema.

30
Q

Genus: Bacillus

B. cereus

A

Produces enterotoxins, grows in cooked warm rice, common cause of Chinese restaurant acquired food poisoning

31
Q

Genus: Clostridium

A

strict anerobes, members produce powerful exotoxins, spores common in soil

32
Q

Genus: Clostridium

C. botulinum

A

Extremely powerful neurotoxins (considered the most deadly natural toxin) causes flaccid paralysis, respiratory arrest, and death. Happens from eating contaminated foods containing the botulinum toxin

33
Q

Genus: Clostridium

C. difficile

A

common cause of superinfection involving the colon, toxins damage lining of the colon. Very difficult to eradicate once established in the colon

34
Q

Genus: Clostridium

C. perfringens

A

produces an assortment of tissue destroying enzymes and toxins. Cause of gas gangrene and almost an inevitable sequel to battle field wounds. (WWII)

35
Q

Genus: Clostridium

C. tetani

A

produces powerful neurotoxins which cause spastic paralysis

36
Q

Genus: Lactobacillus

A

Ferment carbs, producing acids. A common and necessary member of the vaginal normal flora. Prevents colonization of vaginal epithelium by yeasts and other pathogens. Some strands used in food preparation

37
Q

Genus: Listeria

L. monocytogens

A

Is able to grow readily in refrigerated foods. Found widely in animal populations. Infection in pregnant women can cause serious consequences to the fetus. Occasional cause of sepsis and meningitis ( in elderly and immunocomprised)

38
Q

Genus: Corynebcterium

C. diphtheriae

A

Cause of diphtheria a serious upper respiratory infection. Killed lots of children. Now standard vaccine.

39
Q

Mycobacterium

A

Very hard to stain, once stained, very hard to decolorize. Have waxy cell walls (mycolic acid), grow slowly, are acid fast, are areobic, and resist many drugs and disinfectants. They prefer growth temperature of about 30-35 C

40
Q

Genus: Mycobacterium

M. tuberculosis

A

a growing problem, especially in AIDS patients, many strands multiply- resistant, some strands re not treatable with any antibiotics

41
Q

Genus: Mycobacterium

M. leprae

A

cause of Hansen’s disease (leprosy), extremities affected (bacterium grows best at lower temperatures found in hands, feet, and face.

42
Q

Genus: Mycobacterium

M. avium

A

complex, a group of related mycobacterial species that have become a significant opportunistic pathogen in HIV/ AIDS patients.

43
Q

Streptomyces

A

a large group of over 500 identified species of soil- dwelling filamentous bacteria, various members of this genus are responsible for the production of many of our natural antibiotic drugs.

44
Q

Genus: Mycoplasma

M. pneumoniae

A

tiny bacterium (0.1- 0.25 um), cause mild ‘walking’ pneumonia

45
Q

Trichophyton

A

fungus, “dermatophyte” genera, produces keratinases that allow it to digest, and thus live in, the keratin abundant hair, skin, or nail tissues. Responsible for many fungal infections of the hair, skin, and nails

46
Q

Epidermophyton

A

another dermatophyte genus, usually only affects skin and nails

47
Q

Microsporum

A

a third dermatophyte genus, tends to prefer hair or nails to skin

48
Q

Candida

A

the yeast genus responsible for most human yeast infections, both of the vagina and the mouth (thrush)

49
Q

Histoplasma

A

often abundant of bird or bat droppings, humans become infected by inhalation. This fungus can grow in the lungs and can occasionally enter the blood stream causing a dangerous generalized infection (histoplasmosis)

50
Q

Aspergillus

A

a common mold that can grow on plants, and sometimes produce very toxic afltoxins. Corn and peanuts are particularly susceptible to aflatoxin contamination. Consumption of aflatoxins can cause serious illness in humans and livestock

51
Q

Pneumocystis

A

historically thought to be a protozoan, recent evidence suggests that this organism is a fungus. Although mostly harmless to healthy persons, Pneumocystis pneumonia is a significant illness in persons with HIV/AIDS

Bacteria (1 decks)

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