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Bacteria Review > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Location and function of capsule/envelope

A

outside of cell wall, allows compounds in and out of cell

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2
Q

Location and function of plasma membrane

A

inside of cell wall (-), outside of cell wall (+); provides protection for cell

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3
Q

Location and function of cell wall

A

outside layer, lets molecules pass in and out of cell

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4
Q

Location and function of chromosome

A

nucleus; carries genetic info of cells

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5
Q

Location and function of plasmid

A

small circles of DNA, found in cytoplasm; transfer genetic info from one cell to another conjugation

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6
Q

Location and function of pili

A

extend from envelope (capsule), stick to things like adhesive

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7
Q

Location and function of flagella

A

enables movement; stick out of cell

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8
Q

Location and function of cilia

A

receive signals from cells, found on membrane

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9
Q

Location and function of ribosomes

A

makes protein; inside cytoplasm

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10
Q

obligate aerobe

A

requires oxygen for aerobic respiration

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11
Q

obligate anaerobe

A

organisms that can grow/survive only without oxygen present

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12
Q

heterotroph

A

organism that eats plants and animals

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13
Q

phototroph

A

organism that uses light as primary energy source

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14
Q

chemotroph

A

organism that gets energy from co2 and inorganic sources (oxidation of reduced compounds)

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15
Q

endospore

A

tough reproductive structure that is produced by certain bacteria (Firmicute phylum)

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16
Q

What bacteria causes tooth decay

A
  • Streptococcus Mutans
17
Q

Name the two main bacteria that cause food poisoning

A
  • Campylobacter, Escherichia coli (E.coli)
18
Q

Explain how nitrogen fixation occurs and why it is important

A
  • occurs in legumes; process where nitrogen moves through (non)living things like soil, animals, bacteria, water; important since it allows nitrogen to be in absorbable form, makes atmospheric nitrogen usable for organisms
19
Q

Know the 3 shapes and their names of bacteria

A
  • Coccus, Bacillus, Spirillum, Vibrio
20
Q

Know the 3 main formations and names of bacteria

A
  • Single, Diplo-, Strepto-, Staphylo-
21
Q

How does penicillin work?

A
  • Treats bacterial infections (breaks the peptidoglycan of cell wall of the bacterial, kills/slows growth of bacteria, prevents from producing a bacteria that causes cell walls to weaken)
22
Q

What color does gram negative bacteria stain? Why?

A
  • pinkish red, It has a membrane outside
23
Q

Gram positive? Why?

A
  • Stains purple since the cell wall is on the outside
24
Q

Which is more resistant to penicillin- gram - or gram + and why?

A
  • Gram negative bacteria, membrane protects them from environment
25
Q

Compare and contrast binary fission and conjugation, including terms of vertical and horizontal gene transfer.

A
  • Binary Fission: cells divide in asexual reproduction (can divide every 10-15 min & divide 50-70x before dying or stopping; vertical gene transfer), identical daughter cells, fast, involves 1 cell
    Conjugation: sexual reproduction (horizontal gene transfer; bacteria transfers its genetic bacteria to another of same species to reproduce), genetically different offspring, slow, involves 2 cells
26
Q

Name the 3 main ideas louis Pastuer introduced.What are two vaccines he came up with.

A

-Pasteurization, microbial fermentation, vaccination

  • Vaccines for: anthrax, rabies
27
Q

Who discovered penicillin, when and how?

A
  • Dr. Alexander Fleming, 9/1928, found mold growing on Petri dish of Staphylococcus bacteria
28
Q

Name two natural additives to food that prevent bacterial growth.

A
  • salt and honey
29
Q

Lactobacillus acidophilus

A
  • Beneficial (prevents diarrhea in adults who are receiving chemotherapy, treats IBS and ulcerative colitis)
30
Q

Staphlococcus aureus

A
  • Harmful (causes staph infections)
31
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A
  • Harmful (bacteria attacks the lungs)
32
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A
  • Harmful (an illness that produces dangerous toxins under low-oxygen conditions; with absence of oxygen they germinate, grow, and pass toxins; attacks the body’s nerves, difficulty breathing, muscle paralysis, death); botox
33
Q

Clostridium tetani

A
  • Harmful (produces a toxin that causes muscle contractions; lockjaw)
34
Q

Bacillus thuringiensis

A
  • Beneficial (helps protect plants from common enemies; fungus gnats)
35
Q

Escheria coli

A
  • Beneficial (helps body break down food, OR can cause illness like diarrhea)

Bacteria Review (2 decks)

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